This document discusses types of malware like viruses, worms, and trojans, as well as different types of hacking such as password cracking, packet sniffing, and phishing. It describes black hat and white hat hackers, listing skills needed to prevent attacks like using antivirus software, firewalls, and encryption. Statistics show cybercrime is increasing and costs billions worldwide each year. The document provides examples of malware behaviors and outlines measures to enhance cybersecurity.

1. By Sanjay Kumar ( B.Tech - 2ndYear, CSE )

2. Introduction
 Types of viruses and worms
 Ethical Hacking & Black Hat Hacking
 Types of Hacking/DataTheft
 Examples of Attacks
 Skills Required to Prevent Attacks
 Measures to Prevent Attacks

3. Malware and Viruses
• Malicious Software.
• Used by an attacker to steal data, disrupt
operations or access a private network.
• Used to describe many different types of
software including viruses, worms, Trojans,
key loggers, spyware and others.

4. Computer Virus
•Any computer program that can replicate itself
and spread from one computer to another
without input from its creator.
•Needs to attach itself to an existing program in
order for it to work.
•They are used to deliver many different
payloads.

5. Computer Worm
•Unlike a virus a worm does not need to be attached to
an existing program in order to function.
•Always cause harm to the network, even if it is just
increased bandwidth consumption, whereas a virus will
always corrupt and/or modify files on a computer.
•A program similar to a virus; it can replicate itself and
spread from one computer to another.

6. Trojan Horse
•A program that pretends to do one thing, but in
reality does something else.
•Used to record keystrokes input by a user
•Can be used to steal usernames, passwords,
credit card information, personal details and so
on.
•Usually employ a form of social engineering.

7. Social Engineering
• Social engineering is the art of manipulating
people into divulging personal and
confidential information.
• Requires very little technical skill.
• Relies heavily on human interaction to get
results.
• Most often used in tandem with other exploits.

8. Who is a Hacker and what can
they do ?
 Someone who bypasses the systems and
Passwords.
 Taking advantage of weaknesses left in the
system by developers.
 This person knows computer programming
 Can be a Hacker Subculture
 Access confidential information
 Broadcast confidential documents e.g. Name,
address, etc.

9. Types of Hacking/Data Theft
 Password Cracking-Attempting to guess a
password using a program.
• Brute Forcing-A program that guesses a password by
inputting as many randomly generated passwords
using the computer’s processing power.
• Dictionary Hack-A program that guesses passwords
based on words in a dictionary or the program’s
vocabulary.
 Packet Sniffing-Sniffing packets sent over the
internet to gain security details over unsecured
connections.
 Phishing-Legitimate looking sites designed to
farm information inputted by the user.

10. Types of Hacking/Data Theft
 Rootkit-Stealth software which inhibits use of
programs executed by the user and hides (usually
malicious) processes.
 Keyloggers-records keystrokes and can be
software or hardware.
 Scareware-A form of software designed to scare
the user into divulging information (such as credit
card information) much like social engineering.
 IP Spoofing-Masks the IP address of a hacker and
prevents them from being found

11. Methods of Hacking
Over the internet
Over Lan
Locally
Offline
Theft
Ip Addresses
Telephone
Email

12. Black Hat Cracker
 Malicious Hackers
 Villain
 Violates Computer Security

13. White Hat Hacker
 Computer Security
 A Computer Hacker intending to
improve security.
 The Hero (Legal_Hacker)

14. List of Hackers
 Black Hat Hackers (The bad guyViolates computers)
 White Hat Hackers (The Hero Breaks security for good
reasons)
 Blue Hat Hacker (consults firms, system tested before
launch)
 Grey Hacker(Mixture of white & Black offers their service to
improve for a small fee)
 Hacktivist (UtilizesTechnology)
 Script Kiddie (Skiddie)Kid-Child lacking knowledge,
Immature
 Elite Hacker (The most skilled Hacker)(Masters of
deception)
 Ethical Hacker(employee and authorised Hacker)
 Bots ( software tools the hackers use )

15. Statistics
 Attacks on the increase
 In 2010 431 million adults worldwide were
victims of cyber crime
 Costs 114 billion pounds worldwide
 Costs U.K 27 billion pounds a year
 10.5% of the worlds hackers are from the U.K

16. Statistics
 In Brazil 83% of the population have suffered
from internet crime.
 America is not far behind with 73% falling
victim to internet crime.
 Cyber crime can be down to anyone from
professional criminals to teenagers

17. Skills to prevent cyber
crime
 Spam blocker
 AntiVirus software
 Firewall protection
 Encryption software
 Caution in providing personal information
 Secure Shopping
 Avoidance of scans
 Monitoring of your child’s computer activities

18. Firewalls
•Program used to monitor network traffic.
•Have a set of rules that they use to filter
packets trying to enter the network.
•Usually placed between a trusted network and
one that is less trusted.

19. Antivirus Software
•Used to prevent access to computer systems by
unwanted programs.
•Utilizes many different methods to protect the
computer.
•Often search for signs of viruses on every
website that is visited and do regular scans of
the computer to check for infections.

20. Conclusion
Any Questions?