The document discusses ethical hacking and cybersecurity. It begins with an overview of hacking, different types of hackers (white hat, black hat, gray hat), and why people hack. It then covers ethical hacking methodology in 5 phases (reconnaissance, scanning, gaining access, maintaining access, covering tracks). The document also discusses cybersecurity tools, skills of an ethical hacker like networking protocols and various operating systems, advantages and disadvantages of cybersecurity, and why it is important to protect confidentiality, integrity and availability of data.

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ETHICA
L
HACKIN
G

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CoNTEN
T
Overview of Hacking
Types of Hacker
Why do Hackers hack
Hacker’s Language
Hackers’ language
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
?
What is Ethical Hacking
Why do we need Ethical Hacking
Methodology of Ethical Hacking
History of cryptography
Ethical Hacking Tools
Skills of an Ethical Hacker
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oVERVIEW oF
HACKING
Hack
•
–
• Hacker
– The person who hacks
• Cracker
– System destroyer
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To getting into someone’s computer system without
permission in order to find out information or do something
illegal

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TYPES oF
HACKER White Hat Hackers:
A White Hat who specializes in penetration testing and in
another testing methodologies to ensure the security of
organization's information systems.
 Black Hat Hackers:
A Black Hat is the villain or bad guy, especially in a western
black hat inmovie in which such a character would wear a
contrast to the hero's white hat.
Gray Hat Hackers:
A Grey Hat,
whose
in the hacking community, refers to a skilled
hacker activities fall somewhere between white and
black hat hackers on a variety of spectra.
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WHY Do PEoPLE HACK
To make security stronger ( Ethical
Hacking )
Just for fun
Show off
Hack other systems secretly
Notify many people their thought
Steal important information
Destroy enemy’s computer network
during the war.
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HACKER’
S
LANGuAGE
|| -> n
|/| -> m
s -> z
z -> s
f -> ph
ph -> f
x -> ck
ck -> x
1
3
4
7
9
0
$
->
->
->
->
->
->
->
i or
e
a
t
g
o
s
l
| -> i or l
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HACKER’S
LANGuAGE
TRANSLATIoN
• Ex:
–1 d1d n0t h4ck th1s p4g3,
th1s wh3n 1 h4ck3d 1n
1t w4s l1k3
–I did not hack this
when I hacked in
page, it was like this
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What is Ethical hacking
•
•
•
•
It is Legal
Permission is obtained from the target
Part of an overall security program
Identify vulnerabilities visible from Internet at particular
point of time
Ethical hackers possesses same skills, mindset and tools•
of a hacker
manner
Also Called
but the attacks are done in a non-destructive
• – Attack & Penetration Testing
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Why Do
WE
nEED Ethical hacking
Social
Engineering
Automated
Organizational Attacks
Attacks
Restricted
Data
Accidental
Breaches in
Security Denial of
Viruses, Trojan Service (DoS)
Horses,
and Worms
Protection from possible External Attacks
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10. MEthoDology oF hacking
Phase 1-Reconna ssance
Phase 2-Scanning
Phase 3-Gaining Access
Phase 4-Maintaining Access
Phase 5-Coveri ng Tracks
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1. Footprinting
This is the first
stage in the methodology of hacking. As given in
the analogy, this is the stage in which the hacker
collects information about the company which the
personal is going to hack.
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2. scanning
Scanning is the second phase in the hacking
methodology in which the hacker tries to make a
ablue print of the target network. It is similar to
thief going through your neighborhood and
checking every door and window on each house to
see which ones are open and which ones are
locked.
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EnuMERation
Enumeration is the ability of a hacker to convince
some servers to give
make
them information that is
vital to them to
to
an attack. By doing this
hacker aims
found
find what resources and shares
can be in the system
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3. gaining accEss
This is the actual hacking phase in which the
hacker gains access to the system. The hacker
will make use of all the information he collected in
the pre-attacking phases.
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4. Maintaining access
Now the hacker is inside the system by some
means by password guessing or exploiting some
of its vulnerabilities. This means that he is now in
a position to upload some files and download
some of them.
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5. covering tracks
Now we come to the final step in the hacking. There
is a saying that “everybody knows a good hacker
but nobody knows a great hacker”. This means that
a good hacker can always clear tracks or any record
that they may
he was here.
be present in the network to prove that
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History of cryptograpHy
• Cryptanalysis studies the process of breaking
encryption algorithms
• When a new encryption algorithm is
todeveloped,
break it
cryptanalysts study it and try
– Or prove that it is impractical to break it
(taking much time and many resources)
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steganograpHy
• The process of hiding data in plain view in
pictures, graphics, or text
– Example: changing colors slightly to
encode individual bits in an image
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syMMetric cryptograpHy
algoritHMs
Symmetric algorithms have one key that
encrypts and decrypts data
Advantages
•
•
–
–
Symmetric algorithms are fast
They are difficult to break
is used
if a large key size
– Only one key needed
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syMMetric cryptograpHy
• One key encrypts and decrypts data
• Cleartext with Key makes Ciphertext
• Ciphertext with Key makes Cleartext
21
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Winning Lotto
#s:
aWDHOP#@-w9
aWDHOP#@-w9Winning Lotto
#s:

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ETHICAL HACKING
TOOLS
• Samspade
Samspade is a simple tool which provides us information
about a particular host. This tool is very much helpful in finding
the addresses, phone numbers etc
• Email Tracker and Visual Route
We often used to receive many spam messages in our mailbox. We
don’t
helps
Every
know where it comes from. Email tracker is software which
us to find from which server the mail does actually came from.
message we receive will have a header associated with it. The
email tracker uses this header information for find the location.
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SKILLS Of AN ETHICAL
HACKEr
• Routers -
protocols
Microsoft
knowledge of routers, routing
and access control lists.
- skills in operation ,•
configuration and management.
Linux - knowledge of Linux/Unix; security
setting, configuration, and services.
•
• Firewalls - configuration, & operation
intrusion detection systems.
of
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Cyber Security
Cyber security is the technology and
process that is designed to protect
networks and devices from attack,
damage, or unauthorized access.
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Advantages
• Production of business.
• Increased productivity.
• Inspires customers confidence
• Stops your website from crashing.
• protection towerds customers and
client's data.
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Disadvantages
• Costs are high
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why cyber security ?
Confidentiality, Integrity and Availability
Have served as the industry standard
for computer security from the time of
first mainframes.
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How cyber security works ?
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THANK YOU
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Know hacking, but no hacking