Intervento al corso "Salute Globale e Sviluppo" organizzato dall'Università di Milano Bicocca, Gennaio-Febbraio 2011

3. 1. What is ICT4D

7. HDI divide in 2010 See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_Development_Index

10. But ICT paradigms are changing fast… 1965 1985 2005+ Mainframe computing Client-server computing Cloud computing Mobile access

11. Evolution of ICT devices

17. ICT4D: two basic approaches - ICT for productivity - From the experience and models of developed countries - Emphasis on [large] organizations - ICT for human development - From the needs of local communities and individuals - New models of services, collaboration and interaction based on local needs and experiences "TOP DOWN" "BOTTOM UP"

21. 2. ICT development and digital divide

22. How can we measure and compare ICT development? (can be downloaded from the net at no cost) Two important sources, highly recommended:

23. Global ICT developments, 1998-2009 Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 4,6 Billions subscriptions 12%

24. Mobile cellular subscription by level of development, 1998-2009 Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 1,4 Billions Subscriptions (China+India alone: 1,2 B) 3,2 Billions subscriptions

25. Mobile cellular penetration by 2009* ITU, "Monitoring the WSIS targets. A mid term review", 2010 CIS: Commonwealth of Independent States

27. Rural population covered by a mobile signal, 2002-2008 ITU, "Monitoring the WSIS targets. A mid term review", 2010

29. Internet Users by level of development, 1998-2009 Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 1,7 Billions People (1/3 in China)

30. Internet penetration, by region, 2009* ITU, "Monitoring the WSIS targets. A mid term review", 2010

31. Broadband divide, 1998-2009 Fixed broadband subscribers Mobile broadband subscribers Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 «Mobile broasband subscriptons can be expected to increase significantly in the near future, though.»

33. IDI is based on an ICT development model 3 stages in the evolution towards the information society 1 2 3 Access sub-index Use sub-index Skills sub-index 11 indicators IDI

34. IDI components Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2009

35. IDI 2008: Examples Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010

36. IDI and GNI per capita correlation Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010

37. HDI & DOI correlation for selected countries Source: Silvia Masiero, Digital Technologies and Human Development, Think! Paper, Oct 2010 DOI: Digital Opportunity Index is a first version of IDI, 2004-2006 CUBA INDIA INDONESIA EGYPT COLOMBIA PERU CHINA MEXICO MALAYSIA RUSSIA CHILE UAE ESTONIA KOREA SPAIN ITALY US FINLAND CANADA SINGAPORE UK SWEDEN BRASIL

39. Digital divide CAGR 2002-2008: 6,8% CAGR 2002-2008: 6,4% Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010

40. Digital divide Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 ACCESS USE SKILLS

41. Digital divide by IDI values Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010

42. Evolution of digital divide, 2002-2008 Source: ITU, Measuring the Information Society, 2010 Argentina Chile Nicaragua Cuba Italia

43. 3. Internet evolution and ICT4D

44. At the beginning, our view of the internet was like this... A network of computer networks…

45. (una rete telefonica con i PC al posto dei telefoni…)

47. ... then our view changed (circa 1995+)... A gigantic hypertext …

49. Then the crisis… Nasdaq Composite Index 10 March 2000: 5049 9 Oct 2002 : 1114 Google IPO 19 Aug 2004 IPO Netscape 9 Augt 1995:

50. ... Then our view changed again (circa 2005+) A network of people …

52. TIME Man of the Year Xmas 2006 Xmas 2010

53. Then the cloud (2010+) ... A gigantic computer …

54. Three big revolutions… These tools can change completely the approach of ICT4D, and its results… Never, in the story of technology, we had at our disposal a set of powerful tools like those resulting from the evolution of the internet in the last few years…

60. 2. Software as a service t - Hw client - Client maintenance - Recurrent fees (applications and connevctivity) Entry barrier (CAPEX) Sustainability (OPEX) Entry barrier

61. 2. Software as a service Developing country Developed country A new role for NGO?

62. Evolution 2. Web 1.0 Provider hosting my site with my data 1. Local infrastructure My data and applications 3. Web 2.0 My data, and 3d party applications as a service broadband Low cost PC

64. Application virtualization

66. 4. Some examples

68. The network Policlinico Milan La Mascota Managua Phase 1 Phase 2 VPN

71. www.cure4kids.org: growth Start: Oct 2002 Oggi: 23.000 utenti in 176 Paesi

72. 5. Some conclusions

78. In three words… 1. Connect, connect, connect 2. Learn and experience the new paradigms 3. Understand local needs