International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology (vol 2 issue 2)

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International Journal of Ceramics
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International Journal of
Ceramics and Ceramic Technology

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JournalsPub,
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Manisha Dhoble

EDITORIAL BOARD MEMBERS
Dr. Subrat Kumar Barik
Assistant Professor, Department of Physics
National Institute of Technology,
Silchar, India
Mr. M. S. Charoo
Mechanical Engineering Department,
National institute of Technology,
Srinagar, India.
Er. Amarendra KUMAR Das
Ex Manager, S.A.I.L.,
India
Dr. M. Jayasimhadri
Assistant Professor Department of Applied
Physics Delhi Technological University
Bawana Road, Delhi, India
Dr. Shripal Sharma
Associate Professor in Physics
P.P.N.College, Kanpur U.P.,India
Bimal Prasad Singh
CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials
Technology, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India
Dr. Rina Singh
Environmental Science Division CSIR-CRRI,
New Delhi India
Dr. Jai Singh
Assistant Professor Guest Editor RASE, Current
Nanoscience, Department of Physics,
Dr. Harisingh Gour Central University,
Sagar, India

From the Editor's Desk
Dear Readers,
We would like to present, with great pleasure, the inaugural volume of a new scholarly
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1. Atomic Magnetic Resonance and FTIR Structural Studies on Borosilicate Glasses
Gunjan Arora 1
2. Maintenance Policies and Its Selection in Ceramic Industry
Mohit Kundru 4
3. Role of Ceramics in Sanitary Development of Rural Areas
Rahul Tulli 7
4. Plastic Recycling Process
Varun Nagpal, Smita Satapathy 9
5. Ethyl Acetate and Its Production Process
K. Vijyalaxmi 14
Contents

IJCCT (2016) 1–3 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 1
International Journal of Ceramics and Ceramic Technology
Vol. 2: Issue 2
www.journalspub.com
Atomic Magnetic Resonance and FTIR Structural Studies on
Borosilicate Glasses
Gunjan Arora*
Glass Research Group, Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Ramjas College, Delhi University
ABSTRACT
Auxiliary assurance for borosilicate glasses with a high substance of (Fe2O3) was done by
FTIR spectroscopy, where both 11B and 29Si MAS NMR are unimaginable in view of the
high amounts of paramagnetic iron (III) species display. NMR investigation was performed
on borosilicate glasses containing up to 7 mol% Fe2O3 and the N4 values got by FTIR
spectroscopy concur inside blunder with the 11B NMR consequences of a similar glass tests.
Fe2O3 is a primary glass modifier in the low-Fe2O3-content locale (≤6 mol%). On other
hand, it assumes the part of glass previous at higher substance of Fe2O3. Expanding both N4
of boron tetrahedral units and concoction move of silicon cores to reach maxima at 5 mol%
Fe2O3 affirms the part of Fe2O3 as a glass modifier in the low organization district.
Keywords: atom, FTIR, glass
INTRODUCTION
Ternary and quaternary borosilicate
glasses (BSG) have a developed
assortment of modern significance
because of their diverse sorts of
utilizations. They have been utilized as
fixing segments. For instance, some of
glass pieces have been just utilized as
sealants in TV tubes or globule lights.
Then again, expanding accomplishments
of microelectronics and new requests
requires new sorts of glasses. Late studies
have focused on borosilicate glasses,
which have been created as sealants,
especially, for liquid carbonate power
devices (MCFC). In view of the
innovative favorable circumstances, these
glasses have for some time been the
subject of basic studies, utilizing
distinctive methods, including 29Si and
11B MAS NMR and FTIR spectroscopy
to offer a quantitative examination of
various auxiliary units shaping the glass
arrange. The structure of borosilicate
glasses depends on Qn [SiO4] units, where
n is the quantity of connecting oxygen
molecules per tetrahedron, and [BO3] and
[BO4] units. The [BO3] units are triangle
boron in both ring and non-ring
arrangement, while [BO4] ones are boron
iotas in tetrahedral coordination. The
oxygen iotas can be clung to one boron
and three silicons (1B, 3Si) or four silicon
particles (0B, 4Si) and have a Na+
particle
as a charge compensator [1–10].
EXPERIMENTAL
Sample Preparation
The adapted borosilicate glasses were
made by melting batches in alumina
crucibles at a temperature ranging from
1150 to 1256°C depending on
composition. Then the melt was
quenching over a stainless steel plate. The
batches were prepared from reagent grade
SiO2, H3BO3, Na2CO3, Al2O3 and Fe2O3.
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
All things were measured with GSX-1000
high-resolution solid-state MAS NMR

IJCCT (2016) 4–6 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 4
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Maintenance Policies and Its Selection in Ceramic Industry
Mohit Kundru*
Department of Chemical Science, Anna University, Sardar Patel Road, Guindy, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
ABSTRACT
Accessibility of plant and gear at unsurpassed is relevant to modern development and
improvement of any country. One of the approaches to accomplish this is to give enough
thoughtfulness regarding the prerequisite of upkeep in the pre-venture/buy of hardware
stage. This paper in this way, endeavors to inspect the upkeep strategy and plant/hardware
choice from specialized, financial and ecological points of view. Along these lines, upkeep
approaches in this setting are the standards, principles and methods utilized as a part of
selecting plant/gear.
Keywords: equipment, maintenance policies, plant
INTRODUCTION
As per IEEE/PES Task Force (2001),
Maintenance is characterized as a
movement "wherein an un-fizzled gadget
has, every once in a while, its crumbling
captured, lessened or wiped out" [1]. This
might be a piece of an arranged program
or can be done at short notice after a
breakdown. It generally includes
nonroutine exercises and can be utilized to
know those presented to a scope of
dangers.
The disintegration or decay of a plant or
gear decides its advantage esteem
(condition), time, support and unwavering
quality. The points of plant and hardware
upkeep are to avoid issues emerging, put
blames right and guarantee gear works
successfully. For instance, The Provision
and Use of Work Equipment Regulations
(1998) require for work hardware and
plant to be kept up and the support
operation to be done securely [2].
Mechanical advancement in the creating
nations has not recorded expected obvious
change throughout the years. Support of
plant and hardware has additionally
endured. This could be traceable to
underestimations of upkeep and
nonrecognition of its gainful capacity
opposite lacking consideration given to
prerequisite of support in the
prespeculation/buy of hardware stage. In
developing the mechanical part
consequently, the issue of accessibility of
plant and hardware must take the middle
stage.
OBJECTIVES
The objectives of maintenance policy
consideration for plant and equipment
selection are:
(i) Accessibility of plant and gear at all
circumstances
(ii) Plant and gear's ideal execution
(iii)Reduction in upkeep cost
(iv)To control against misfortunes
(v) Occupational wellbeing and security
Choice of Technology
The need to brag plant/hardware
profitability is exceptionally essential to
any generation procedure. Innovation
without a doubt assumes a noteworthy part

IJCCT (2016) 7-8 © JournalsPub 2016. All Rights Reserved Page 7
Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Role of Ceramics in Sanitary Development of Rural Areas
Rahul Tulli*
Department of Civil Engineering, Jaypee College of Engineering and Management, Noida, India
ABSTRACT
Even today, many developing nations are still facing the problems of achieving the basic
needs in rural region such as food, hygiene, sanitation, education, health, etc. Usually the
maintenance of waste disposal and sanitation systems is the responsibility of the home owner.
But due to their negligence, proper onsite sanitation is a big failure with resulting
environmental and public health implications. With the help of construction management and
appropriate planning, it can be improved.
Keywords: construction management, rural area problems, rural sanitation
INTRODUCTION
Sheltered and fitting transfer of human
waste is an essential prerequisite for
sanitation and general wellbeing insurance.
Sanitation is a fundamental need required
to tackle survival issues. Be that as it may,
it is untenable and mind blowing under all
circumstances [1]. Sterile improvement not
just accomplishes the consummation of
fundamental needs of provincial district
additionally lessens the air contamination.
Nearby people group have generally been
included in affirming framework plan,
more dynamic contribution in
development and support is required. Just
by getting to be distinctly required in the
investigation and routine support of these
frameworks a group can guarantee their
legitimate operation.
Towards this heading, Government of
India additionally focused truly. With the
assistance of different plans and offices,
for example, legitimate arranging of
execution and development in country
area, suitable rules, it has attempted to
accomplish answers for issues of
sanitation. It has been accomplished by
conveying the learning about cleaning,
employments of toilets, duty regarding
ecological and government plans among
the villagers [2, 3].
AIM AND OBJECTIVE OF THE
STUDY
The point of this review is to discover the
issues existing between sanitation
advancement and rustic locale. With the
assistance of development administration
and its different viewpoints, for example,
material administration, wellbeing,
support, and individuals' mindfulness,
arranging about the execution of sanitation
advancement in country locale is being
embraced.
SCOPE OF THE WORK
The extent of the work is to gather the data
from genuine site condition and
circumstance of country locale where
individuals are as yet confronting the
issues about sanitation framework. Gather
the information identified with the
advancement and change of sanitation
framework. What's more, with the
assistance of development administration
attempt to decrease the issue in sanitation
advancement in provincial area by

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Plastic Recycling Process
Varun Nagpal*, Smita Satapathy
Department of Mechanical Engineering, School of Mechanical Engineering, KIIT University, Bhubaneswar,
India
ABSTRACT
Reusing is referred to the vast majority as an action in household squander division with
enormous budgetary advantages. In any case, material recovery streams at many scales
assume essential parts in various businesses. The waste created from the plastic is a colossal
a few, in which polyethylene is 34% of aggregate plastic waste. So it is profoundly significant
to choose the best plastic reusing process. Fluffy AHP is a manufactured expansion of
established AHP strategy when the fluffiness of the chiefs is considered. This article presents
another approach which goes for a more practical displaying by applying fluffy values in the
combined examinations and for the positioning of reusing technique. Selecting the best
plastic reusing procedure is a requesting errand as it involves a few criteria and properties.
Keywords: fuzzy analytical hierarchy process, recycling, plastic, waste management
INTRODUCTION
Waste is the issue of the entire world
which not just builds the land fill
furthermore expands the extraction of
crude materials; so one must invest
exertion with a specific end goal to explain
the world's assets. The items that we go
over in our everyday life like, plastic water
bottles, utensils, fast food utensils, plastic
sacks, staple packs, mugs, prescription
holder utensils, are the utilization of
plastics. As the utilization of plastic has
expanded in the course of the most recent
couple of years it has turned into a bigger
part of the metropolitan strong waste
(MSW) stream developing from under 1
percent in 1960 to around 19 percent in
2014.
The advantage of reusing is, plastic which
is considered as waste will be utilized as a
part of assembling new items and the top
most favorable position is reusing of one
ton plastic recoveries 7.4 cubic yards of
landfill space. For the distinguishing proof
of the sorts of plastic exceptional
recognizable proof are set apart in the
plastic that is triangle of bolts with number
running from 1 to 7 (composed by the
general public of the plastic business) so it
is peaceful advantageous for the customer
and recycler the plastic reasonable for
reusing. Reusing assumes an essential part
in the decrease in contamination, shielding
earth from land fill, successful usage of the
waste furthermore diminishment in the
crude material extraction. Reusing
incorporates innovative headways and
multifaceted globalization arrangements
for the maintainable improvement of
nation.
Recycling is a value addition process
which brings tremendous importance and
benefits to manufacturers. The concept of
recycling is being in a whole new level as
it is accepting re-engineering, product
recovery and certain other modernized
methods. The concept of recycling is just
the opposite of supply chain management.

Vol. 2: Issue 2
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Ethyl Acetate and Its Production Process
K. Vijyalaxmi*
Department of Chemical Engineering, Bapatla Engineering College (Autonomous), Andhra Pradesh, India
ABSTRACT
In this review, the outline and control of ethyl acetic acid derivation generation plant has
been researched. The proposed configuration comprises of a ceaseless mixed tank reactor
and two refining segments. Ethanol responds with acidic corrosive and gives ethyl acetic acid
derivation and water. Far reaching operability and control of the whole procedure plant with
decentralized controllers is clarified by doing both enduring state and element recreations.
Plate temperature control circle execution is tried for the second refining segment. From the
consequences of element reenactment, the proposed control system performs exceptionally
well in dismissing different aggravations while keeping up the ethyl acetic acid derivation
item virtue with a settling time of under 5 h. Warm combinations are performed by utilizing
Aspen Energy Analyzer. Air, medium weight (MP) steam and low weight (LP) steam icy and
hot utilities was proposed to trade warm with the procedure streams. The warmth trade was
incorporated into a current warmth exchanger arrange (HEN), and the mix was broke down
utilizing squeeze examination. After investigation utilizing retrofit concentrates an option
HEN is proposed to spare the vitality. The new retrofit HEN is accomplished by including
two new warmth exchangers and the payback time frame reported is 0.85 years which is
short of what one year which demonstrates it is a productive outline.
Keywords: dynamic simulation, plant-wide operability, steady state simulation
INTRODUCTION
Ethyl acetic acid derivation has wide
mechanical applications; it is utilized as a
dissolvable as a part of printing inks,
varnishes and auto mind chemicals and in
the generation of polishes, plastics and
elastic. It is additionally utilized as a part
of nourishment industry in the planning of
manufactured natural product
embodiments, flavors and aromas. In the
pharmaceutical business it plays a vital
part in extracting for the focus and
filtration of anti-infection agents. It is
likewise utilized as a middle of the road as
a part of the fabrication of different
medications. A few generation procedures
are accessible in open writing [1–11]. It is
viewed as one of the slightest poisonous of
mechanical natural solvents. It is both
exceedingly compelling and effectively
softened up both air and water. In
perspective of these, the generation ought
to have as less toxicological impacts as
could be allowed to minimize atmosphere
affect. Presenting the all-inclusive control
ideas [12–15] in industry decreases the
outflows in the meantime it enhances the
item yield, quality [16–18] and in the
meantime financial aspects of the plant
enhanced [19–21]. Retrofit examinations
were performed for the procedure plants
utilizing Aspen Energy Analyzer [22, 23]
to get beneficial outlines. Remembering
the market viewpoint and issues of its
toxicological impacts on indigenous
habitat an efficient expansive control
structure was created for the generation of
ethyl acetic acid derivation. The created

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