The document discusses several international health agencies and their roles. It describes the founding and objectives of the World Health Organization in 1948 to attain the highest level of health for all people. It also outlines other agencies such as the Pan American Health Organization (1902), the Office International d'Hygiène Publique (1907), the Health Organization of the League of Nations (1923), and the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration (1943). These agencies worked to control epidemics, exchange health information, and provide relief.
Planning is making current decisions in the light of their future effects.
Health planning is a process culminating in decisions regarding the future provisions of health facilities and services to meet health needs of the community.
Planning is making current decisions in the light of their future effects.
Health planning is a process culminating in decisions regarding the future provisions of health facilities and services to meet health needs of the community.
Supervision is a process of guiding, helping, training, and encouraging staff to improve their performance in order to provide high-quality healthcare services.
A guideline has been published by Managemnt Division in 2066 BS to systematize the supervision process at different levels which specialy focuses on supportive and integrated supervision.
n conclusion, effective health worker supervision is informed by health system data, uses continuous quality improvement (QI), and employs digital technologies integrated into other health system activities and existing data systems to enable a whole system approach. Effective supervision enhancements and innovations should be better integrated, scaled, and sustained within existing systems to improve access to quality health care.
Decentralization
Tools of Policy making
Financing Health care
Public-Private Partnership
Health Research
International Organizations
Equity
Health Reforms in Developing Countries
Stake Holders
Supervision is a process of guiding, helping, training, and encouraging staff to improve their performance in order to provide high-quality healthcare services.
A guideline has been published by Managemnt Division in 2066 BS to systematize the supervision process at different levels which specialy focuses on supportive and integrated supervision.
n conclusion, effective health worker supervision is informed by health system data, uses continuous quality improvement (QI), and employs digital technologies integrated into other health system activities and existing data systems to enable a whole system approach. Effective supervision enhancements and innovations should be better integrated, scaled, and sustained within existing systems to improve access to quality health care.
Decentralization
Tools of Policy making
Financing Health care
Public-Private Partnership
Health Research
International Organizations
Equity
Health Reforms in Developing Countries
Stake Holders
NATIONAL AND INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATION RELATED TO CHILD HEALTHMahaveer Swarnkar
The Child Welfare Service is responsible for implementing measures for children and their families in situations where there are special needs in relation to the home environment. Assistance may be provided as counseling, advisory services, and aid measures, including external support contacts, relief measures in the home, and access to day care and agencies or organization play an important role in delivery of child welfare services.
The emergence of the concept of "International Health." Traces back to the pre/post world war period and how it impacted the formation of various international health organization for various strata of the society.
WHO is a specialised non political health agency of the united nations and it is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the united nations system
In detail about international health agencies ,
*definition of international health
Background for establishing international health community
*previous int. Health organisation and there basis of establishment
* birth of who
*who
*unicef
*other UN agencies : UNDP ,UNFPA ,FAO,ILO
*international red cross
* other private ngos
International health, also called geographic medicine, international medicine, or global health, is a field of health care, usually with a public health emphasis, dealing with health across regional or national boundaries.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
Follow us on: Pinterest
Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
4. UN,s specialized agency for health established on April 7,1948.
•Its objectives as set out in its constitution is “the attainment
of highest level of health by all people”
•Governed by 192 members through WORLD HEALTH
ASSEMBLY
Principles of WHO:
•Health of all people is fundamental to
attainment of peace and security and is
depended upon the fullest co operation
of individuals and states.
•Achievements of any state of promotion
and protection of health is of value to all
•Unequal development in different
countries in the promotion of health and
control of disease especially
communicable disease is a common
danger
5. •Informed opinion and active cooperation on the part of the public areas of
utmost importance in improvement of the health of people.
•Governments have a responsibility for the health of their people which can be
fulfilled only by the provision of adequate health and social measures.
Functions of WHO:
•To act as the directing and coordinating authority on international health work.
•To establish and maintain effective collaboration with united nations ,specialized
agencies government health administrations professional groups.
•To provide/assist in providing upon the request of the nation, health services and
facilities to special group such as people of trust territories.
•To stimulate and advance work to eradicate epidemic, endemic and other
disease
•To promote maternal and child health and welfare and foster the ability to live
harmoniously in changing environment.
•To assist in developing an informed public opinion among all health matters.
•To established and revise us necessary international nomenclatures of diseases,
of causes of dental and of public health services.
7. UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION
ADMINSTRATION(UNRRA) 1943
General purpose of organising recovery from the affects of world war
II. It has health care to care for the health of millions of displaced
persons, to restore and help services and to retrieve the machinery for
interchange of information on epidemic diseases.
•Outstanding work of preventing the typhus
•World renouwned campaign for eradication of malaria from sardinia
was begun as joint effort of UNRRA,the rockfeller foundation and
italian government.
•1946 UNRRA terminated is offficial existence and its health activities
and finicial assets were taken by interim commission of WHO-Major
share went to UNICEF
8. INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
:
INTRODUCTION
GLOSSARY
HISTORY
PAN AMERICAN SANITARY BUREAU
OFFICE INTERNATIONAL D’ HYGIENE PUBLIQUE
HEALTH ORGANISATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS
UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATION
ROCKEFELLER FOUNDATION
WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION
US AGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT
UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S EMERGENCY FUNDS
SWEDISH SAGENCY FOR INTERNATIONAL DEVELOPMENT AND COOPERATION
RED CROSS
9. •Nothing is more important on earth than good health.
•Throughout the history diseases and ill health have
remained as burden
•and liability to the society, nation and world at large social,
technological
•And environment factors continue to have dramatic effects
on overall health of the population world wide.
•They have also facilitated the emergence of new diseases
and reemergence of old ones.
•Modern demographic and ecological condition favours the
spread of infectious and non infectious disease
10. Main Objective of International Health Organisation are:
Control and management of epidemics and communicable diseases
affecting more than one country – includes excludes exchange of
information on incidence of epidemic diseases and existing for
uniformity in quarantine regulation procedure
Exchange of health information and experience at international
level.
International standardization of preparation vital statistics and
banned drugs etc.
Coordinated combined research and assistance to research
programmes on specific problems common to many nation
Helping and assisting underdeveloped countries in training the
health staff medical planning so as to manage and the control the
epidemics.
International health in case of disasters and also consideration for
control of drug addiction.
11. Glossary:
•International Health: also called geographic health or global health, is a field of health
care , usually with emphasis dealing with health across regional or national boundaries.
•Quarantine: is used to separateand restrict the movement of well persons who may have
been exposed to a communicable disease to see if they become ill. The word comes from
italian quarantena meaning forty day period.
12. Pan American Sanitary Bureau (PASB 1902)
•PASB established in 1902,america it was primarily intended to
contribute and coordinate quarantine procedures in states.
•World’s 1st international health agency
•It was reorganised in 1947 and was called Pan American Sanitary
Organisation
•1949-seemed as WHO regional office for Americas.
•1958-changed to Pan American Health Organisation
13. Office International d’ hygiene publique (1907)
In 1907 generally known as Paris office was created to
discriminate information on communicable diseases and to
supervise international quarantine measures
60 countries joined OIHP giving it an international character , but
was later taken over by WHO in 1959.
14. INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS AND RED CRESCENT
MOVEMENT
World’s largest humanitarian network with presence and
activities in almost every country.
The movement incorporates the Geneva based international
committee of red cross and the international federation of red
cross and red crescent societies as well as national societies in
178 countries
Immediate and long term needs and include programme and
services address:
•Emergency shelter food and medicine
•Water sanitation
•Restoring family contact for disaster victims
•Disaster preparedness
•Community based health and activities
•First aid training and activities
•HIV /AIDS prevention
•Blood donor recruitment, collection and supply
•Youth recruitment and volunteer activities
Promotion of humanitarian values is an intrinsic part of all red
cross and red crescent activities.
15. The Rockfeller Foundation is a US based global philanthropy committed to enriching and
sustaining, the lives and livelihoods of poor and excluded people throughout the world.
•Rockfeller foundation is a knowledge based global foundation with a commitment to
enrich and sustain the lives and livelihoods of poor and excluded people throughout the
world.
•Improvement of opportunities for poor people.
•Use of knowledge for generating new and harnessing existing knowledge to addressing
the complex and difficult challenges.
The Rockfeller Foundation is a global foundation viewing poor people’s challenges with
a global perspective.
16. Swedish agency for international development and
cooperation is a government agency under the ministry for
foreign affair.
•To contribute to making it possible for poor people to
improve their living conditions.
•Sida works independently within the framework laid down
by swedish parliament and government
•Its head office is in sweden has its 50 field offices in
different countries
17.
18. UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S EMERGENCY
FUND believes that the protection of children is crucial to their
survival, health and well being.
•UNICEF believes that everyone has responsibility to see that
children are safe and work with individual civic group
government and the private sector to help create protective
environment for them particaption in HIV prevention among
young people.
•Involving communities and families in UNICEF supported health
and child development programme
•Empowerment of girls and pursuit of gender equality
•Life slkills based education for HIV prevention and promoting
health human rights and peace.
•It uses opportunity of immunization to deliver other life saving
services
•Bringing children's rights to centre of public policy
19.
20. November 3,1961 president John F. Kenndey established US Agency for
international development. 1st foreign assistance organization whose primary
emphasis was on long range economic and social development assistance
effort.
Objectives:
•Economic growth , agriculture trade
•Global health
•Democracy
•Education and training
•Global patnership
•Eniviroment
•Humanitarian assistance in more than 100 countries.
USAID operates in 26 countries in asia , middle east and north africa. It faces
many challenges including terrorism, instability, an exploding youth population
,high empowerment, corruption, poor systems, HIV/AIDS and enviromental
degradation
21.
22. HEALTH ORGANISATION OF THE LEAGUE OF
NATIONS(1923)
•The league of nation was established after world war I (19141918) to build a better world .it included health organization to
take steps in the matters of international concerns for
prevention and control of diseases.
• it branched out into matters such as housing and rural
hygiene.
•Training public health workers and the standardization of
certain biological preparations
•Analyzed epidemiological information received and started a
series of periodical epidemiological reports , now issued by
WHO
23. History:
In past individual rulers and states used to place barriers against infection by
detection and isolation of incoming travellers.
In 14 th century ‘a procedure known as quarantine was introduced in europe, to
protect against the importation of plague.
Ships,crews, travellers and cargos suspected of harbouring infection were detained
for a period.
This idea was that the passsage of time would give dormant disease to manifest itself
or die out.
This was the origin of international health work, which was adopted and practised in
many countries by adopting different quarantine procedures.
Lima called as yellow jack was the signal flag which when flown in harbor means ship
is under quarantine