HI, HOPE YOU WILL GET SOME KNOWLEDGE ABOUT ROLE OF VOLUNTARY HEALTH ORGANIZATION AND INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES

2. A voluntary organization is a non-
governmental autonomous, non profit
organization supported mainly by voluntary
contribution in cash and time from the
general public or the certain segment of the
public, specialized to carry out a number of
functions related to development aid and
emergency relief.

3. 1. Supplementing the work of government
agencies.
2. Pioneering
3. Education
4. Demonstration
5. Guarding the work of government agencies
6. Advancing health legislation

4. 1. It should be established by a group of
private, individual or NGO.
2. It should be autonomous.
3. It should be managed by an independent,
voluntary board of directors elected
periodically by the members.
4. It should have a clearly define constitution
( Niyam samvbhidhan) and we accountable
to that constitution.

5. 5. It should be financially independent.
6. It should have a formal legal
status,permanent head quarters and
employees.
7. Professional and voluntary staff and it
should have humantarian,objectives and
programmes.

6. 1. Dissemination of knowledge regarding local
condition and close communication with the
local communities with enabling them assess
local needs of the people and motivating
them and enlisting there ready participation
in the development programmes.
2.Flexiblity of approach,less role bound,no
rigid guidelines as in the government
department.This enabus them to ennovate,do
action research and come out with the
stategy really related to local needs.

7.  3. Less complex administrative structure as
compared to government department.
 4. Much closer to the poorest section of the
society and they interact with the section
directly across the table.

8.  There inability to co-operate with each other.
 There accountability and transparency is not
proved by and large.
 There operation are small in skill.
 Uncertainty over availability of human or
financial resources hampering planning of
there activity.

9.  1. Specialized community health
programmes.
 2. Integrated development programme.
 3. Health care for special group of people.
 4. Government voluntary organization.
 5. Health for sponsored by rotary club, lions
club.
 6. Health researchers and activist.
 7. campaigns group.

10.  1. Indian Red Cross Society:-
The Indian Red Cross Society was established
in 1920.It has a network of over 4000
branches all over India. It has been executing
programmes for the promotion of health,
prevention of disease and mitigation of
suffering among the people. Its activities
are:-

11. a) Relief Work
b) Milk and Medical supplies
c) Armed Forces
d) Maternal and Child Welfare Services
e) Family Planning
f) Blood Bank and First Aid

12.  2. Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh:-
The Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh was founded in
1950 with its headquarters in New Delhi. Its precursor was
the Indian council of the British Empire Leprosy Relief
Association which was renamed as LEPRA in 1950.The
programme of work of the Sangh includes rendering of
financial assistance to various leprosy homes and clinics,
health education through publications and posters, training
of medical workers and physiotherapists, conducting research
and field investigation, organising All-India Leprosy Workers
Conferences and publication of ‘ Leprosy in India’ , a
quarterly journal.

13.  3. Indian Council For Child Welfare:-
Indian Council for Child Welfare
was established in 1952.It is affiliated with the
International Union for Child Welfare. The services
of I.C.C.W. are devoted to secure for India’s
children those “opportunities and facilities, by law
and other means” which are necessary to enable
them to develop physically, mentally, morally,
spiritually and socially in a healthy and normal
manner and in conditions of freedom and dignity.

14.  4. Tuberculosis Association of India:-
The tuberculosis association
of India was formed in1939 .It has branches in all
the states in India. The activities of this association
comprise organising a T.B. Seal campaign every
year to raise fund, training of doctors , health
visitors and social workers in antituberculosis
work, promotion of health education and
promotion of consultations and conferences.

15.  5. Bharat Sevak Samaj:-
The Bharat Sevak Samaj which is a
non-political and non-official organization was
formed in 1952. One of the prime objectives of the
Bharat Sevak Samaj is to help people to achieve
health by their own actions and efforts.
Improvement of sanitation in villages is one of the
important activities of the B.S.S.

16. 6. Central Social Welfare Board:-
The Central Social Welfare Board is
an autonomous organization under the general
administrative control of the ministry of
education. It was set up by the government of
India in August 1953.The function of the board
are:-
1. Surveying the needs and requirements of
voluntary welfare organizations in the country.

17.  2. Promoting and setting up of social welfare
organizations on a voluntary basis.
3. Rendering of financial aid to deserving existing
organizations and institutions.
 7. The Kasturba Memorial Fund:-
Created in commemoration of
Kasturba Gandhi, after her death in 1944, the Fund
was raised with the main object of improving the
lot of women, especially in the villages, through
gram-sevikas.

18.  8. Family Planning Association Of India:-
The family planning association
was formed in 1949 with its headquarters at
Mumbai. It has done pioneering work in
propagating family planning in India. The
association has branches al over the country. One
of the activities of the Headquarters is to answer
enquiries on family planning by correspondence or
by personal interviews.

19.  9. All India Women’s Conference:-
It is the only women’s voluntary
welfare organization in the country. Established in
1926, it has now branches all over the country.
Most of the branches are running M.C.H. clinics,
Medical centres, and adult education centres ,milk
centresand family planning clinics.

20.  10. The All-India Blind Relief society :-
The All India Blind Relief Society
was established in 1946 with a view to coordinate
different institutions working for the blind.

21.  11. Professional Bodies:-
The Indian Medical Association, All
India Licentiates Association, All India Dental
Association, The Trained Nurses Association of
India are all voluntary agencies of men and women
who are qualified in their respective specialities
and possess registerable qualifications.

22. “Nothing on earth is more international than
disease”.
- said Paul Russel

23.  The world health organization is a specialized,
non-political, health agency of the United Nations,
with headquarters at Geneva. The constitution
came into force on 7th April, 1948 which is
celebrated every year as “World Health Day”. A
World Health Day theme is chosen each year to
focus attention on a specific aspect of public
health.

24. The objective of the WHO is “the attainment by all
people’s of the highest level of health”.
The objectives are as follows:-
1. Health is a state of complete physical, mental, and
social well being and not merely the absence of
disease or infirmity.
2. The enjoyment of the highest attainable standard
of health is one of the fundamental rights of every
human being without distinction of race, religion,
political belief, economic and social condition.

25.  3. The health of all peoples is fundamental to the
attainment of peace and security and is dependent
upon the fullest cooperation of individuals and
States.
4. The achievement of any state in the promotion
and protection of health is of value to all.
5. Unequal development in different countries in
the promotion of health and control of disease,
especially communicable disease, is a common
danger.

26.  6. Health development of the child is of basic
importance; the ability to live harmoniously in a
changing total environment is essential to such
development.
7. The extension to all people of the benefits of
medical, psychological and related knowledge is
essential to the fullest attainment of health.
8. Informed opinion and active cooperation on the
part of the public are of the utmost importance in
the improvement of the health of the people.

27. 9. Governments have a responsibility for the health
of their peoples which can be fulfilled only by the
provision of adequate health and social measures.
Two major policy developments have
influenced the WHO:-
1. The Alma-Ata conference in 1978 on primary
health care which provided both WHO and UNICEF
with a common charter for health.
2. The Global Strategy for health for all by 2000,
and more millennium development goals.

28.  The WHO has specific responsibilities for
establishing and promoting international standards
in the field of health, which comprise the following
broads areas:-
1. Prevention and control of specific diseases.
2. Development of comprehensive health services.
3. Family health.
4. Environmental health.
5. Health statistic.
6. Bio-medical research
7. Health literature and information
8. Cooperation with other organizations

29.  UNICEF( United Nations International Children’s
Emergency Fund ) is one of the specialized
agencies of the United Nations. It was established
in 1946 by the United Nations General assembly to
deal with rehabilitation of children in war ravaged
countries. UNICEF’S regional office is in New Delhi.
The region is known as the South Central Asian
Region which covers Afghanistan, Sri Lanka, India,
the Maldives, Mongolia and Nepal. UNICEF is
governed by a thirty six nation Executive Board as
in 2010. The headquarters of the UNICEF is at
United Nations, New York.

30. a) Child health:-
>UNICEF has provided substantial aid for the
production of vaccines and sera in many countries.
>UNICEF has supported India’s BCG vaccination
programme from its inception.
>UNICEF has also assisted environmental sanitation
programmes emphasizing safe and sufficient water for
drinking and household use in rural areas.
>The purpose is not only to reduce child illness and
death, but to improve the quality of life in the villages.
>it also focusing attention on providing primary
health care to mothers and children, emphasis
immunization, family planning, safe water and
sanitation.

31. b. Child nutrition:-
1. UNICEF gives high priority to improving
child nutrition.
2. Its aid for child nutrition such as low cost
protein rich food mixtures.
3. The UNICEF has supplied equipment roe
modern dairy plant in various part of India,
viz. Maharashtra, Gujarat, Karnataka, Uttar
Pradesh, West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh.

32. c.Family and child welfare:-
1. The purpose is to improve the care of children,
both within and outside their homes.
2. These services are carried out not as separate
projects but as part of health, nutrition and
education or home economics extension
programme.

33. d. education:-
1. formal and non-formal : in collaboration
with UNESCO, UNICEF is assisting India in
the expension and improvement of teaching
science in India.
2. Emphasis is placed on the kind of schooling
relevant to the environment and future life
of the children.
3. UNICEF is promoting a campaign know as
GOBI campaign to encourage 4 strategies
for a “child health revolution “

34.  G-growth charts to better monitor child
development .
 O-oral rehydration to treat all mild and
moderate dehydration
 B-breast feeding
 I-immunization against measles, diphtheria,
polio, pertussis, tetanus and tuberculosis.

35.  The United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP ) was established in 1966.
 It is the main source of funds for technical
assistance.
 The member countries-rich and poor.
 The basic objective of the UNDP is to help poorer
nations develop their human and natural resources
more fully.
 The UNDP projects cover virtually every economic
and social sector- agriculture, industry, education
and science, health, social welfare, etc.

36.  The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO ) was
formed in 1945 with headquarters in Rome.
 The joint WHO/FAO expert committees have provided
the basis for many cooperative activities – nutritional
surveys, training courses, seminars and the
coordination of research programmes on brucellosis
and other zoonoses.
 The aims of FAO are:-
1. To help nations raise living standards
2. To improve nutrition of the people of all countries
3. To increase the efficiency of farming, Forestry and
fisheries.
4. To better the condition of rural people and through
all these means, to widen the opportunity of all people
for productive work.

37.  In 1919, the International Labour Organization( ILO )
was established as an affiliate of the League of Nations
to improve the working and living conditions of the
working population all over the world.
 The headquarters of ILO is in Geneva, Switzerland.
 The purposes of ILO are :-
1. To contribute to the establishment of
lasting peace by promoting social justice .
2. To improve through international action,
labour conditions and living standards.
3. To promote economic and social stability

38.  World Bank is a specialized agency of the United
Nations.
 It was established with the purpose of helping less
developed countries raise their living standards.
 The Bank gives loans for projects that will lead to
economic growth ( e.g. India’s Population Projects).
 The projects are usually concerned with electric
power, roads, railways, agriculture, water supply,
education, family planning, etc.

39.  7. USAID:-
> The USAID was created in 1961.
> A USAID mission functions in New Delhi, both
grants and loans are extended by the Agency.
>It has been assisting in number of projects designed to
improve the health of India’s people. These are:-
1. Malaria education
2. Medical education
3. Nursing education
4. Health education
5. Water supply and sanitation
6. Control of communicable disease
7. Nutrition
8. Family planning

40.  At a meeting of the commonwealth Foreign Ministers at
Colombo in January 1950.
 Membership comprises 20 developing countries within
the region and 6 non regional members-Australia,
Canada, Japan, New Zealand, UK and USA.
 The plan provides for visits to countries by experts who
can offer advice on local problems and train the local
people.
 The contribution of Canada in supplying Cobalt Therapy
Units to medical institutions in India was an important
item of aid under the Colombo plan.
 Colombo plan seeks to improve living standards of the
people of the area by reviewing developmental plans
and coordinating development assistance.

41.  The Swedish International Development Agency (
SIDA) is assisting the National Tuberculosis Control
Programme since 1979.
 The SIDA assistance is usually spent on
procurement of supplies like X-ray unit,
microscopes and anti-tuberculosis drugs.
 SIDA authorities are also supporting the short
course chemotherapy drug regimens under pilot
study, which were introduced in 18 districts of the
country during 1983-84, and pilot phase-1 of the
revised strategy of NTP in 5 sites namely Delhi,
Bangalore, Mumbai, Kolkata and Mehsana(Gujarat)
since 1993.

42.  The Government of Denmark is providing
assistance for the development of services under
National Blindness Control Programme since 1978.

43.  11. Rockefeller Foundation:-
1. The Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic organization
chartered in 1913 and endowed by Mr. John D. Rockefeller.
2. Its purpose is to promote the well- being of mankind
throughout the world.
3. The work of the Rockefeller Foundation in India began in
1920 with a scheme for the control of hookworm disease in the
then Madras Presidency.
4. The foundation’s programme included the :-
> training of competent teachers and research workers
>training abroad of candidates from India through
fellowships and travel grants
> the sponsoring of visits of a large number of medical
specialists from the USA
> providing grants-in-aid to selected institutions
>development of medical college libraries
> population studies
> assistance to research projects and institutions in
connection with a department of preventive and social medicine

44.  The Ford Foundation has been active in the
development of rural health services and family
planning.
 It has helped India in the following projects:-
1. Orientation training centres
2. Research-cum-action projects
3. Pilot project in rural health services,
Gandhigram (Tamil Nadu)
4. Establishment of NIHAE (National Institute of
Health Administration and Education)
5. Calcutta water supply and drainage scheme
6. Family planning programme

45.  CARE(Co-operative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere) was
founded in North America in the wake of the second World
War in the year 1945.
 It is one of the world’s largest independent, non-profit, non-
sectarian international relief and development organization.
 CARE provides emergency aid and long term development
assistance.
 It is helping in the following projects:-
> Integrated Nutrition and Health Project
> Better health and nutrition project
> Anaemia control project
> Improving women’s health project
> Improved health care for Adolescent girl’s project
> Child survival project
> Improving women’s reproductive health and family
spacing project
> Konkan integrated development project

46.  The Red Cross is a non-political, non-official
international humanitarian organization devoted to
the service of mankind in peace and war.
 It was founded by Henry Dunant(Swiss
businessman)
 The headquarters of Red Cross is in Geneva.
 Role of the Red Cross are:-
> humanitarian service on behalf of the victims of
war and natural disasters.
> to armed forces
> first aid and nursing
> health education
> maternity and child welfare services

47.  The Red Cross Society of India was established by Act of
the Indian Legislature in 1920.
 It has three objectives:-
> the improvement of health
> prevention of disease
> mitigation of suffering
 In peacetime, the society provides military hospitals
with such amenities as newspapers, periodicals, musical
instruments and other comfort goods.
 Disaster service comprise distribution of milk,
medicines, vitamin tablets, codliver oil and hundred
other items to the famine stricken people and to those
who have been hit by the floods.

48.  Voluntary organization.
 Function of voluntary organization
 The main characteristics of voluntary agencies
 Strength of voluntary organization
 Weakness of voluntary organization
 Role of voluntary sector
 Voluntary health agencies in India:-
> Indian red cross society
> Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh…
 INTERNATIONAL HEALTH AGENCIES:-
> WHO , Its objective and its functions
 OTHER UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES:-
> UNICEF and its function
> UNDP, FAO, ILO, World bank
 Health work of bilateral agencies
> USAID, the Colombo plan, SIDA, DANIDA
 Non-government and other agencies
> Rockefeller foundation, Ford foundation, CARE, International Red Cross,
Indian Red Cross

49.  Park k. Textbook of Preventive and Social
Medicine, 22nd edition M/S Banarsidas Bhanot
publisher, Jabalpur,2013. pg no- 855-865.
 Kumari Neelam, Community health nursing, 1st
edition, P.V. books publication,Jalandhar city
India,2011.pg no-
 Basavanthapa BT, Community health nursing,
Jaypee brother,Ansari Road Daryagenz,New Delhi,
1st edition,2006. pg no-
 Swarekar Keshav,Community health
nursing.N.R.Brother.M.Y. Hospital Road Indore.1st
edition,2004.pg no-328-334