The document discusses various international health agencies including WHO, UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, FAO, ILO, and the World Bank. It provides an overview of each organization including their history, structure, objectives, and work in India. It also discusses bilateral health agencies like USAID and development programs like the Colombo Plan.
The emergence of the concept of "International Health." Traces back to the pre/post world war period and how it impacted the formation of various international health organization for various strata of the society.
The emergence of the concept of "International Health." Traces back to the pre/post world war period and how it impacted the formation of various international health organization for various strata of the society.
"Health care services" means the furnishing of medicine, medical or surgical treatment, nursing, hospital service, dental service, optometrical service, complementary health services or any or all of the enumerated services or any other necessary services of like character, whether or not contingent upon sickness
In detail about international health agencies ,
*definition of international health
Background for establishing international health community
*previous int. Health organisation and there basis of establishment
* birth of who
*who
*unicef
*other UN agencies : UNDP ,UNFPA ,FAO,ILO
*international red cross
* other private ngos
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"Health care services" means the furnishing of medicine, medical or surgical treatment, nursing, hospital service, dental service, optometrical service, complementary health services or any or all of the enumerated services or any other necessary services of like character, whether or not contingent upon sickness
In detail about international health agencies ,
*definition of international health
Background for establishing international health community
*previous int. Health organisation and there basis of establishment
* birth of who
*who
*unicef
*other UN agencies : UNDP ,UNFPA ,FAO,ILO
*international red cross
* other private ngos
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2. Introduction and History – 19096
Multilateral agencies – WHO,UNICEF,UNDP,UNFPA - 19097
Multilateral agencies - FAO, ILO, World Bank 19098
Bilateral agencies- 19099
NGOs - 19100
3. International health is also called Global Health
It is field of health care dealing with health across regional or
national boundaries
It provide health services to people living in different regions
,continents or around the world
Also provide international health assistance to improve long term
medical care in developing countries
Introduction and Need
4. History And Development
• In 14th century ,a procedure known as “Quarantine” was
introduced in Europe to protect against Plague
First International Sanitary Conference ,1851 in Paris
- to introduce uniformity into quarantine measures
- ended in failure
10 conferences between 1851 and 1902
5. • Worlds first international health agency
• To coordinate quarantine procedures in American states
• 1924 – Pan American Sanitary Code signed
• 1947 - Pan American Sanitary Organizations (PASO)
• 1949 – Pan American Health Organization (PAHO)
Primitive International Health Organization …
Pan American Sanitary Bureau -1902
6. • Generally known as “Paris Office”
• To disseminate information on communicable diseases and
supervise international quarantine measures
• First Worldwide International Health Organization
• 1950 – taken over by WHO
Primitive International Health Organization…
OFFICE INTERNATIONAL D HYGIENE PUBLIQUE -1907
7. THE HEALTH ORGANIZATION OF THE LEAGUE OF NATIONS-1923
• League of Nations was formed after the First World War (1914-18)
• Creditable work:
-Quarantine Regulations
-Epidemiological information
- Nutrition, Housing ,rural hygiene
- Training of Public health workers
- Laid down lines for technical studies
Primitive International Health Organization....
8. UNITED NATIONS RELIEF AND REHABILITATION ADMINISTRATIONS
(UNRRA) 1943
• To organize recovery from effects of second World war
• Outstanding work in :
- Prevention of Typhus and other diseases
- Assistance to malaria control in Greece and Italy
- Campaign for Eradication of malaria from Sardinia
Primitive International Health Organization....
9. Birth Of WHO
• April 1945 – Conference held at San Fransisco to set up UN Brazil
and China suggested establishment of international health
organization
• Constitution drawn up in 1946
• Came into formal existence on 7th April
• Culmination of efforts to establish:
Single World wide inter governmental health agency
10. 1. Control of epidemics and communicable diseases affecting more
than one country
2. International exchange of medical and dental health information
3. Combined research
4. Advise governments and health authorities on health questions
5. International control of drugs of addiction
6. International help in disasters
Objectives Of International Health Agencies
11. 1. MULTILATERAL AGENCIES
2. BILATERAL AGNECIES
3. NGO
Classes Of International Health Agencies
MULTILATERAL AGENCIES
BILATERAL AGENCIES
NGOS
12. • A Specialized
• Non- Political
• Health Agency of the United Nations
• Worldwide inter-governmental health agency
• Headquarter: Geneva
WHO
13. • Constitution drafted by the” Technical Preparatory Committee” under
the chairmanship of Rene Sand
• Approved by International Health Conference of 51 nations in New
York in 1946
• Constitution came into force on 7th April ,1948
• 7th April – World Health Day
• A World Health day theme is chosen each year to focus attention on a
specific aspect of public health
14. Objectives in preamble of WHO
Complete state of physical , mental and social well-being
No discrimination in the path of attainment of highest
standard of health
Good health is for attainment of peace and security
Good health is valued to all
Equal development in promotion and control of disease in all
the countries
Extension to all people of benefits of
medical, psychological and related knowledge
Informed opinion and active co-operation
15. Terms Of Reference For Membership
• Open to all countries
• 1948 -56 members
• Currently -194 Member States
2 Associate Members (Puerto Rico and Tokelau)
• Each member contributes yearly to the budget and each is
entitled to the services and aid the organization can provide
16. WORK OF WHO
Prevention and control of specific diseases
Development of comprehensive services
Family health
Environmental health
Health statistics
Biomedical research
Health literature and information
Cooperation with other organizations
17. WHO REGIONAL CENTRES
REGION HEADQUATERS
1. South East Asia New Delhi (India)
2. Africa Brazzaville Congo
3. The Americas Washington D.C. (USA)
4. Europe Copenhagen (Denmark)
5. Eastern Mediterranean Alexandria(Egypt)
6. Western Pacific Manila (Philippines)
19. WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY
• “Health Parliament” of Nations
• Supreme governing body of WHO
• Meets annually ,usually in Geneva in May
• Composed of delegates from different countries
respective countries
20. To determine International health policy and programs
Review the work of past year
Approve the budget of the following year
Elect Member states to designate a person to serve for three years on
the executive board and to replace the retiring members
Function of World Health Assembly
21. Executive Board
• 34 members technically qualified in the field of health
• Designed by their respective governments, but do not represent their
respective government
• Members are elected fir three year terms
• One third of the membership is renewed every year.
• Meets twice a year (Jan & May) after meeting of World Health Assembly
• Gives effect to the decisions and policies of the assembly
• Emergent and immediate action in epidemics, earthquakes and flood
22.
23. UNICEF
• United Nations International Children’s Emergency Fund
• Formulated in 1946
• Headquarter: New York (US)
• In 1953: known as U.N. Children’s Fund
• Regional office in Kathmandu , Nepal (South Central Asian Region)
25. 1.Child health:
Production of vaccines and sera
Environmental sanitation programme
Improves quality of life in villages
Primary health care to mother and children
Immunization
Family planning
Safe water and sanitation
26. 2. Child nutrition:
Supplementing child feeding
“Applied nutrition” programme
Nutrition deficiency diseases
Development of national food and nutrition policies
27. 3. FAMILY AND CHILD WELFARE:
Improve care of children
Parent education
4. EDUCATION:
Formal and non formal
Science laboratories
28. GOBI campaign
G- growth charts to better monitor child development
O- oral rehydration to treat all mild and moderate dehydration
B-breast feeding
I-immunisation against measles, diphtheria, polio, pertussis, tetanus
and tuberculosis
29. UNDP
• United Nation Development Programme
• Established in 1966 located in New York
Objectives
• To help poorer nations develop their human and natural resources more fully
• Efficient utilization of manpower, human and natural resources
30. FUNCTION
GLOBALLY
• Sustainable development
• Resilience building
• Services to tackle poverty
• Financial services
• Carbon emmision cut
• System and
institutional
strengthening
• Sustainable
,livelihood
• environment
and resilience
INDIA
31. UNFPA
United Nations Fund for Population Activities
Provide assistance to India since 1974
Funding National level of schemes
Area projects for intensive development of health and family welfare
Improvement of availability of services in rural areas
Implemented in 11 districts of Bihar and 4 districts of Rajasthan
32. INPUTS
To develop National capability for manufacture of contraceptives
To develop population education programmes
To undertake organised sector projects
To strengthen programme management
To improve output of grass- root level health workers
Introduction of innovative approaches to family planning and MCH
care
36. FAO
The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) is a specialized agency of
the United Nations that leads international efforts to defeat hunger.
Established- 1945
Headquarters- Rome (Italy)
Headquarters of Asia region- Bangkok (Thailand)
195 members - 194 countries and the European Union, works in over
130 countries worldwide
37. Aims
To help nations raise living standards
To improve nutrition of people of all countries
To increase the efficiency of farming, forestry and fisheries
To better the condition of rural people and, through all these
means, to widen the opportunity of all people for productive
work
FAO's prime concern is the increased production of food to keep
pace with ever-growing world population
38. Structure
FAO is governed by the Conference of Member Nations
The Conference elects a Council (49 member nations)
It acts as an interim governing body.
The Conference also elects the Director General
Current Director General of FAO- Qu Dongyu
39. Structure...
Composed of 7 departments :-
• Administration and Finance
• Agriculture and Consumer protection
• Economic and Social development
• Fisheries and Aquaculture
• Forestry
• Natural resources management and Environment
• Technical cooperation
40. Role and Functions
Helping government and Development Agencies coordinate their
activities which are targeted to develop and improve agriculture
and fisheries etc.
Conducting research and providing technical assistance to various
projects related to improving agricultural output and development.
Conducting training and educational programs and also collecting
and analyzing agricultural data to improve yield and production.
41. Contributions
• Collaborated with the National Dairy Development Board to provide
technical assistance in milk production and processing.
• FAO-UNDP assistance helped in bringing hybrid rice technology to
India in 1990’s.
• Established 28 centers of excellence in 23 agricultural
universities from 1973-1994.
• Collaborated with the Govt & Confederation of Indian Industry to
organize 2 International Food Summits held in 2007 and 2008.
43. ILO
International Labour Organization (ILO) is a United Nations agency to
improve the working and living conditions of the working population
all over the world.
First specialized agency of United Nations
Established - 1919
Headquarters – Geneva (Switzerland)
Sub regional office for South Asia – New Delhi (India)
Member states - 187
44. Aims
Contribute to the establishment of lasting peace by promoting
social justice
Improve labour conditions and living standards through
international action
Promote economic and social stability
45. Structure
ILO has a tripartite governing structure that brings together
governments, employers and workers.
Comprises of :-
International labour Conference
Governing Body
International labour Office
Director General selected by – Governing Body
Current Director General – Guy Rayder
47. Contributions
Conventions on child labour - the Minimum age Convention, 1973
and the Worst Forms of Child Labour Convention 1999.
Provided technical assistance to Ministry of Rural development
Work in Freedom project
Start and Improve your Business Program
48.
49. World Bank
• World bank is an international Financial Institution which provides
loans and grants to developing countries for development
programs to raise their standard of living.
Established – 1944
Headquarters – Washington D.C. (USA)
President – David Malpass
189 member countries
50. Mission
To end extreme poverty :
By reducing the share of the global population that lives in extreme
poverty
To promote shared prosperity:
By increasing the income of poorest 40 percent of people in every
country
51. Structure
World Bank Group is the parent organization of World Bank.
Consists of 5 institutions:-
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD)
International Development Association(IDA)
International Finance Corporation(IFC)
Multilateral Investment Guaranty Agency(MIGA)
International Centre for Settlement of International Disputes (ICSID)
IBRD and IDA jointly make World Bank.
53. Objectives
Help to improve the lives of under-served populations worldwide
Eradicate extreme poverty and hunger
Achieve universal primary education
Promote gender equality
Reduce child mortality
Improve maternal health
Combat HIV/AIDS, malaria and other diseases
Ensure environmental sustainability
54. Contributions
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan:-Contributed US$ 1.1 billion in two phases
Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana Project:- Invested US$1.8
billion
Uttarakhand Health Systems Development Project:- Awarded
US$100 million
Tamil Nadu Health System Reform Program:- Contributed
US$278 million
55. HEALTH WORK OF BILATERAL AGENCIES
Content-
USAID
Colombo Plan
DANIDA
SIDA
Presented by-19099
56.
57. Overview
USAID is an independent agency of US federal government that is primarily
responsible for administering civilian foreign aid and development assistance.
• Samantha Janes is currently the administrator of USAID.
• It was established on November 3,1961
• Headquarters-Washington DC.
• Has partnered with India to alleviate food insecurity, fuel green revolution,
eradicate polio and strengthen health systems.
58. Areas of work
1) Agriculture and food security-
Agricultural research to develop better seeds and fertilizers.
2)Economic growth and trade-
Improving infrastructure like roads, bridges.
3)Education-
Expand access to quality basic education for all, particularly
marginalized and vulnerable population.
59. 4) Environment and climate change-
It partnership in various programmes for environment protection.
5) Gender equality and women empowerment
6)Health-
USAID health efforts are focussed around three priorities-
Prevention of child and maternal deaths
Controlling HIV/AIDS
Prevention of infectious diseases
7)Water and sanitation-
• Promotes access to safe drinking water and sanitation services.
• Encourage management and protection of water resources.
60. Objectives in India
*Strengthening Health system-
Usaid partners with Govt of India to strengthen the impact
,reach affordability and quality of health services for vulnerable
and poor.
*Fighting climate crisis-
Usaid is working with India to build resilience against the impacts
of climate change.
*Equality and women empowerment-
Promotes the rights of underrepresented population and
ensures gender equality.
61. *Leveraging India’s private sector-
USAID is working with govt of India to test and scale innovative
development solutions.
*Agriculture-
It helped India to partner with Kenya for supplying hybrid seeds,
IPM.
*Education-
Usaid supports “Padhe Bharat Badhe Bharat program”.
*Health-
Supports Govt of India with many health campaigns .
63. History & Overview
At a meeting of the commonwealth foreign ministers at Colombo in
January 1950 a plan for cooperative economic development in South
and South East Asia was introduced.
• Currently this plan has 28 members.
• Secretary general-Dr. Benjamin
• Establishment of plan-28 Nov 1950
• Agenda of plan- Development of human
resources in Southeast regions of Asia
64. Objectives
• To aid technical assistance for economic and social development of region.
• To promote technical cooperation and assist in sharing and transfer of
technology among member countries.
Funding
• A special characteristic of the Colombo plan is that the administrative costs of
the council and the secretariat are borne equally by all member countries.
• Colombo plan training programmes are also funded by contributions from non
member governments and regional organizations.
65. Programmes
• Long-Term Scholarships Programme
• Drug Advisory Programme
• Programme for Private Sector Development
• Programme for Public Administration & Environment
• Gender Affairs Programme
• Programme for Environment & Climate Change
68. AREAS OF WORK
• Poverty oriented projects in the primary health sector with special
emphasis on reproductive health and rights of girls and women
• Environment and urban development with focus on water , sanitation
and waste management, air and noise pollution
• Assistance in National tb control programme since 1979
• Mutual exchange and research cooperation in the field of knowledge
and technology
• Assistance through UN Agencies/NGOs in health, water and sanitation
program
70. Danish International Development agency
• DANIDA is the brand used by the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of
Denmark when it provides humanitarian aid and development assistance to
other countries, with focus on developing countries
• Denmark has been giving bilateral development assistance to India since
1963.
72. DANIDA AND INDIA
• DANIDA provides assistance for 3 NHP
1)DANLEP-Leprosy
2)DANTB- TB
3)DANPCB-Blindness
73. DANLEP
• The programme was started in four districts in three states - Madhya Pradesh,
Orissa, & Tamil Nadu.
• It offers infrastructural support, health education, human resource
development, programme monitoring & prevention & care of deformities.
DANTB
• DANIDA assists the Revised national Tuberculosis Control Programme since
1966.
74. DANPCB
• DANIDA provides assistance for the services rendered under National
Blindness Control Programme since 1978
• The assistance is offered in three phases-
• PHASE I : Strengthening the infrastructure of Primary Health centers
• PHASE II : Setting up District Blindness Control Societies
• PHASE III : To set up national Eye Care Center through its assistance
75. Non Governmental Agencies (NGOs)
• Red Cross
• Ford Foundation
• Cooperative for Assistance and Relief Everywhere
• Rockefeller Foundation
76. Red Cross
The Red Cross is a non political non official international
humanitarian organization devoted to service of mankind in
peace and war
Founded by – Henry Dunnant
Headquarters- Geneva Switzerland
World Red Cross day – 8th may
77. AIM
• Initially-To protect the lives of victims of war and internal violence
Later the work extended to
• Services to arm forces
• Disaster management service
• Nursing, first aid
• Health education
• Maternity and child welfare
78. Indian Red Cross Society (IRCS)
• Established in 1920
• IRCS has 36 states/union territories branches with more than
1000 district and sub district branches
Objectives of IRCS
• Improvement of health
• Prevention of disease
• Mitigation of suffering
79. Projects
• Integrated nutrition and health project
• Anaemia control project
• Improving women’s health
• Child survival project
• Improving women’s reproductive health
81. Himachal Pradesh Red Cross Society
Governing Body
• President – Governor of Himachal Pradesh
• Ex-officio member- Director (Health Services)
• General Secretary - IAS
• 12 elected members - from 12 District branches
82. District branches
• There are 12 district branches in every district and every district
branch has a district unit organised at local level
Members
• Chairperson – Deputy Commissioner of District
• Secretary - Chief Medical Office
• Members of society are resident of district
83. Work of Red Cross Society
• Relief work during calamities
• Assistance for long term and specialized medical treatment for
patients from IRDP families
up to- 20,000- district level
and above – 20,000 through state red cross
• Service to patients in hospitals
e.g. free clothing
Wheel chairs, stretchers
84. Disaster Management Programme
Established in 2012
Objective
• To make community aware of disaster , its cause and how to
reduce its impact
• To equip the local people with life saving skills
• To build the capacity of First Medical Responder
• Draft the Disaster Management Preparedness Plan
85. • The Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic organisation
started in 1913
• Founded by John D Rockefeller
• Headquarter – New York
• President –Rajiv Shah
86. Mission
‘ its purpose is to promote well being of mankind throughout
the world’
Initially was active chiefly in
• Public health
• Medical education
• Now it also include the advancement of life sciences , social
sciences, and agricultural sciences
87. Work in India
•Work began in 1920 with a scheme to control
hookworm disease in the Madras presidency
•Training of teachers and research workers in abroad
•Helps in development of medical college libraries,
population studies
88. •Helps in setting up of a field demonstration area in
(Ballabhgarh)
•It also help in improvement of agriculture, family
planning and rural training centre
•Assisted in establishing National Institute of Virology
Pune
•Helps in establishing
All India Institute of Hygiene and Public Health at Kolkata
89.
90. Introduction
• Ford foundation is non government non profitable
philanthropic organisation dedicated to human welfare
• Founded on –Jan -15-1936
• Located in Ford foundation building New York
• President- Darren Walker
• Area served-
United states, Africa , Latin America, Middle East , Asia
91. Areas of work
1.Civic engagement and government
2.Creativity and free expansion
3.Disability and inclusion
4.Future of workers
5.Gender Racial and Ethnic justice
6.International cooperation
7.Mission investment
8.Natural resource and climate change
9.Technology and society
92. Work in India
• Active in development of rural health services and family planning
Projects established
1. Orientation training centre-
• Establish at Singur, Poonamalle and Najafgarh
• These centres provide training for medical and paramedical
personnel from all over the India
2. Research cum action project-
• Helps in solving environmental hygiene
93. 3. Pilot project in rural health services in Tamil Nadu-
an attempt was made to develop and coordinate health services
which will made a useful model for health administration in country
4.Establishment of -
National Institute Of Health Administration and Education at Delhi
5. Calcutta water supply and drainage scheme-
helps in improving water supply ,drainage and sewerage in the city
6. Supporting research in reproductive biology and in family
planning programme
94.
95. Introduction
• CARE stands Cooperative for assistance and relief Everywhere
• Founded during 2nd world war in 1945
CARE provides emergency aid and long term development assistance
AREAS OF WORK
1.Health
2.Food ,water and nutrition
3.Climate justice
4.Gender equality
96. CARE work in India
• It began its work in India in 1950
• Primary objective is to provide food for children in the age group of 6-10 years
• From 1980s it focused its food support in the ICDS programme and in the
development of programme in area of health
• Care –India works in partnership with the Government of India,
State government , NGOs etc
• Currently it has its project in Andhra Pradesh , Bihar , Orissa , West Bengal
Rajasthan
97. Achievements
• Himachal Pradesh Red Cross Society Received 2nd prize in fund raising
campaign in year 2016
• Provided First Aid training to 538 workers
• Provided financial help of Rs 2,96,822 to 1035 during the year 2015-2016
• Created a cadre of 163 First medical responders under disaster management
programme in district Shimla , Solan and Mandi
• 162 volunteers also trained under disaster management programme
98. Indian NGOs
• Help age India- work for elders
• Smile Foundation- rehabilitation of the underprivileged by
providing them education
• Deepalaya- Provide education to children living in slums
• Save life foundation – focussed on improving road safety