The document discusses various international and bilateral health organizations. It begins by providing a brief overview of the World Health Organization (WHO), including its history, objectives, membership, structure, and work. It then summarizes several other major health agencies, including UNICEF, UNDP, UNFPA, FAO, ILO, and the World Bank. The document concludes by outlining the health work of some bilateral agencies and describing the roles of several non-governmental organizations in global health, such as the Rockefeller Foundation, Ford Foundation, CARE, and the International Red Cross.

1. International Health
Organizations
Dr. Rachana AR

2. Contents
• History
• Multilateral heath agencies
• Bilateral health agencies
• Non governmental organizations

3. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION

4. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION
• The World Health Organization is a
specialized, nonpolitical, health agency of the
United Nations, with headquarters at Geneva.
• The constitution came into force on 7th April,
1948 which is celebrated every year as "World
Health Day".
• A World Health day theme is chosen each gear
to focus attention on a specific aspect of
public health.

5. OBJECTIVE
• The objective of the WHO is "the attainment by
all people's of the highest level of health" which
is set out in the preamble of the Constitution.
• The current objective of WHO is the attainment
by all people of the world by the year 2000 AD of
a level of health that will permit them to lead a
socially and economically productive life - also
known as Health for All by 2000 AD.

6. MEMBERSHIP
• Membership in WHO is open to all countries.
• Territories which are not responsible for the
conduct of their international relations may be
admitted as Associate Members.
• In 1948, the WHO had 56 Members. By 1996
WHO had 190 Member States and two
Associate Members.

7. WORK OF WHO
1. Prevention and control of specific diseases-
• An important activity of WHO is epidemiological
surveillance of communicable diseases.
• The WHO has also paid attention in its
programme of work to non-communicable
disease problem.
• Immunization against common diseases of
childhood (Expanded Programme on
Immunization) is now a priority programme of the
WHO.

8. 2. Development of comprehensive health Services -
WHO's most important single function is to promote
and support national health policy development and
the development of comprehensive national health
programmes.
3. Family health - Broadly subdivided into maternal and
child health care, human reproduction, nutrition and
health education.
4. Environmental health - Recent activities are directed
to protection of the quality of air, water and food:
health conditions of work, radiation protection and
early identification of new hazards originating from
new technological developments.

9. 5.Health Statistics - WHO has been concerned with the
dissemination of a wide variety of morbidity and
mortality statistics relating to health problems. The
data is published in the (a) Weekly Epidemiological
Record (b) World Health Statistics Quarterly and (c)
World Health Statistics Annual.
6. Bio-medical research - It has established a world-
wide network of WHO collaborating centres, besides
awarding grants to research workers and research
institutions for promoting research. Six tropical
diseases (malaria , schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis ,
filariasis, leishmaniasis and leprosy) are the target of
the WHO Special Programme for Research and
Training in Tropical Diseases

10. 7. Health literature and information - The WHO
library is one of the satellite centres of the
Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval
System (MEDLARS) of the U.S. National Library
of Medicine.
8. Cooperation with other organizations - WHO
collaborates with the UN and with the other
specialized agencies, and maintains various
degrees of working relationships.

11. STRUCTURE
a)The world health assembly - This is the "Health
Parliament" of Nations and the supreme governing
body of the organization.
b) The executive board - The main work of the Board is
to give effect to the decisions and policies of the
Assembly. The Board also has power to take action
itself in an emergency.
(c) The secretariat - The primary function of the WHO
secretariat is to provide Member States with
technical and managerial support for their national
health development programmes.

12. a)The world health assembly
• This is the "Health Parliament" of Nations and the
supreme governing body of the organization.
• It meets annually, usually in May, and generally at
the headquarters in Geneva, but from time to time in
other countries. (The 14th World Health Assembly
met in New Delhi in 196I).
• The Assembly is composed of delegates representing
Member States, each of which has one vote.

13. a)The world health assembly
The main functions of the Health Assembly are :
(I) to determine international health policy and programs
(ii) to review the work of the past year
(iii) to approve the budget needed for the following year
(iv) to elect Member States
(v) to designate a person to serve for three years on the
Executive Board, and to replace the retiring members.

14. b) The executive board
• The Board had originally 18 members, each
designated by a Member State.
• Subsequently, the number was raised to 24 and 30.
The Health Assembly (I976) increased the
membership from 30 to 31, providing that no fewer
than three are to be elected from each of the WHO
regions
• The main work of the Board is to give effect to the
decisions and policies of the Assembly. The Board
also has power to take action itself in an emergency,
such as epidemics, earthquakes and floods where
immediate action is needed.

15. (c) The secretariat
• The secretariat is headed by the Director General who
is the chief technical and administrative officer of the
Organization.
• The primary function of the WHO secretariat is to
provide Member States with technical and managerial
support for their national health development
programs.
• At WHO headquarters in Geneva, there are 5 Assistant
Director Generals each of whom is responsible for the
work of such divisions as may from time to time be
assigned to him by the Director General.

16. • WHO Secretariat comprised of the following divisions.
1. Division of epidemiological surveillance and health situation and
trend assessment.
2. Division of communicable diseases.
3. Division of vector biology and control.
4. Division of environmental health.
5. Division of public information and education for health
6. Division of mental health.
7. Division of diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitationtechnology.
8. Division of strengthening of health services.
9. Division of family health.
10. Division of non-communicable diseases.
11. Division of health manpower development.
12. Division of information systems support.
13. Division of personnel and general services.
14. Division of budget and finance.

17. WHO REGIONAL ORGANIZATIONS

18. UNICEF
• UNICEF (United Nations International Children's
Emergency Fund) is one of the specialized agencies
of the United Nations.
• It was established in 1946 by the United nations
General Assembly to deal with rehabilitation of
children in war ravaged countries.
• UNICEF works in close collaboration with WHO, and
the other specialized agencies of the United Nations
like UNDP, FAO and UNESCO.

19. CONTENT OF SERVICES
 Child health : Currently, UNICEF is focusing attention on providing
primary health care to mothers and children. Emphasis is placed
on immunization; infant and young child care: family planning
aspects of family health; safe water and adequate sanitation.
 Child nutrition : Specific aid is given for intervention against
nutritional deficiency diseases, viz. provision of large doses of
vitamin A in areas where xerophthalmia is prevalent; enrichment
of salt with iodine in areas of endemic goitre;provision of iron
and folate supplements to combat anaemia and enrichment of
foods.
 Family and child welfare - The purpose is to improve the care of
children, both within and outside their homes.

20.  Education - formal and non-formal : ln collaboration
with UNESCO, UNICEF is assisting India in the
expansion and improvement of teaching science in
India.
GOBI- FFF campaign "child health revolution"
- G for growth charts
- O for oral rehydration
- B for breast feeding
- I for immunization
- F for family planning
- F for food supplementation
- F for female literacy

21. UNDP
• The United Nations Development Programme
(UNDP) was established in 1966.
• The basic objective of the UNDP is to help
poorer nations develop their human and
natural resources more fully.
• The UNDP projects cover virtually every
economic and social sector - agriculture,
industry, education and science, health, social
welfare, etc.

22. UNFPA
• The United Nations Fund for Population
Activities(UNFPA) has been providing assistance to
India since I974.
• The UNFPA inputs are designed to develop national
capability for the manufacture of contraceptives, to
develop population education programmes, to
undertake organized sector projects, to strengthen
programme management, improve output of grass-
root level health workers and introduction of
innovative approaches to family planning and MCH
care.

23. FAO
• The Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) was
formed in 1945 with headquarters in Rome.
The chief aims of FAO are :
(1) to help nations raise living standards
(2) to improve nutrition of the people of all countries
(3) to increase the efficiency of farming, forestry and
fisheries
(4) to better the condition of rural people and, through all
these means, to widen the opportunity of all people
for productive work.

24. • The FAO has organized a world Freedom from
Hunger Campaign (FFHC) in 1960.
• The main object of the Campaign is to combat
malnutrition and to disseminate information
and education.

25. ILO
• The purposes of ILO are :
(1) to contribute to the establishment of lasting peace
eg., promoting social justice
(2) to improve, through international action, labour
conditions, and living standards and
(3) to promote economic and social stability.
• The International Labour Code is a collection of
international minimum standards related to health,
welfare, living and working conditions of workers all
over the world.

26. WORLD BANK
• World Bank is a specialized agency of united
nations.
• It was established with the purpose of helping
less developed countries raise their living
standards.
• The powers of the bank are vested in a Board
of Governors.
• The Bank gives loans for projects that will lead
to economic growth

27. HEALTH WORK OF BILATERAL
AGENCIES
• USAID - The US Government presently extends
aid to India through three agencies :
(1) United States Agency for International
Development (USAID)
(2) The Public Law 480 (Food for Peace)
Programme
(3) The US Export-import Bank

28. • The US has been assisting in a number of projects
designed to improve the health of India's people.
These are
(1) malaria eradication
(2) medical education
(3) Nursing education
(4) health education
(5) water supply and sanitation
(6) control of communicable diseases
(7) nutrition
(8) family planning

29. THE COLOMBO PLAN
• At a meeting of the commonwealth Foreign
ministers at Colombo in January 1950, a
programme was drawn up for cooperative
economic development in South and South
East Asia.
• The PIan provides for visits to countries by
experts who can offer advice on local
problems and train the local people.

30. SIDA
• The Swedish International Development
agency is assisting the National Tuberculosis
Control Programme since I979.
DANIDA (Danish International Development
Agency)
• The Government of Denmark is providing
assistance for the development of services
under National Blindness Control Programme
since 1978.

31. NON GOVERNMENTAL AND OTHER
AGENCIES
• Rockefeller Foundation –
The Rockefeller Foundation is a philanthropic
organization chartered in 1913 and endowed by
Mr. John D. Rockefeller. Its purpose is to promote
the well-being of mankind throughout the world.
• At present the Foundation is directing its support
to the improvement of agriculture, family
planning and rural training centres as well as to
medical education.

32. The foundation's programme included
• The training of competent teachers and research workers;
• Training abroad of candidates from india through fellowships
and travel grants;
• The sponsoring of visits of a large number of medical
specialists from the USA:
• Providing grants-in-aid to selected institutions:
• Development of medical college libraries;
• Population studies;
• Assistance to research projects and institutions (eg., National
Institute of virology at Pune and more recently the setting up
of a Field demonstration area (ballabhgarh) in connection
with a Department of preventive and social medicine, as well
as to the AIIMS.

33. FORD FOUNDATION
• Ford Foundation has been active in the development
of rural health services and family planning.
• The Ford Foundation has helped India in the
following projects :
(1) Orientation training centres
(2) Research-cum-action projects
(3) Pilot project in rural health services, Gandhigram
(4) Establishment of NIHAE
(5) Calcutta water supply and drainage scheme
(6) Family planning programme

34. CARE
• CARE (Co-operative for Assistance and Relief
Everywhere) was founded in North America in
the wake of the Second World War in the year
1945.
• CARE began its operation in India in 1950. Till the
end of1980s, the primary objective of CARE -
India was to provide food for children in the age
group of 6-11 years. From mid 1980s, CARE-lndia
focused its food support in the ICDS programme.

35. It is helping in the following projects :
• Integrated Nutrition and Health Project
• Better Health and Nutrition Project
• Anaemia Control Project
• Improving Women's Health Project;
• Improved Health Care for Adolescent Girl's Project
• Child Survival Project
• Improving Women's Reproductive Health and Family
Spacing Project
• Konkan Integrated Development Project etc.

36. INTERNATIONAL RED CROSS
• The Red Cross is a non-political, non-official
international humanitarian organization devoted
to the service of mankind in peace and war.
• It was founded by Henry Dunant.
Role of Red Cross
• In the beginning, the role of the Red Cross. As
conceived by Dunant, was largely confined to
humanitarian service on behalf of the victims of
war.

37. Soon thereafter, it was realized that natural disasters
too bring in their wake great human suffering and
that on such occasions there is equally great need for
help among nations "as good neighbors".
Later on the work of the Red Cross was extended to
other programmes which would prevent human
suffering. These comprise service to armed forces,
service to war veterans, disaster service, first aid and
nursing, health education and maternity and child
welfare services.
.

38. INDIAN RED CROSS
• The Red Cross Society of India was established by an
Act of the Indian Legislature in 1920 with the three
objectives of the improvement of health, prevention
of disease and mitigation of suffering.
• The Red Cross Home at Bangalore for disabled
ex-servicemen is one of the pioneer institutions of its
kind in Asia.

39. JUNIOR RED CROSS
• The JUNIOR RED CROSS is one of the most active
sections of the Society. It gives an opportunity to
lakhs of boys and girls all over India to be associated
with activities like the village uplift, first aid,
antiepidemic work and building up of an
international fraternity of youth, thus promoting
international friendliness, understanding and
cooperation.

40. Thank you