International health, also called geographic medicine, international medicine, or global health, is a field of health care, usually with a public health emphasis, dealing with health across regional or national boundaries.
The emergence of the concept of "International Health." Traces back to the pre/post world war period and how it impacted the formation of various international health organization for various strata of the society.
A presentation on WHO containing-
Introduction
Brief history of WHO
Formation of WHO
Functions of WHO
Governance of WHO
Brief notes on DG of WHO
Regions of WHO
WHO regional office
Regional Directors of WHO
SEARO
Brief notes on Regional Director of SEARO
WHO is a specialised non political health agency of the united nations and it is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the united nations system
The emergence of the concept of "International Health." Traces back to the pre/post world war period and how it impacted the formation of various international health organization for various strata of the society.
A presentation on WHO containing-
Introduction
Brief history of WHO
Formation of WHO
Functions of WHO
Governance of WHO
Brief notes on DG of WHO
Regions of WHO
WHO regional office
Regional Directors of WHO
SEARO
Brief notes on Regional Director of SEARO
WHO is a specialised non political health agency of the united nations and it is the directing and coordinating authority for health within the united nations system
"Health care services" means the furnishing of medicine, medical or surgical treatment, nursing, hospital service, dental service, optometrical service, complementary health services or any or all of the enumerated services or any other necessary services of like character, whether or not contingent upon sickness
World health organization will help you to gain complete knowledge regarding WHO. it is one of the largest and essential international health agency in the world
Sufficient information on WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION, a medico 3rd year MBBS should know.
This PPT is made by using various textbooks and reference books like- K. Park, etc.
For any issue or query, please write to me dr.kaushik.apaar@gmail.com.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
"Health care services" means the furnishing of medicine, medical or surgical treatment, nursing, hospital service, dental service, optometrical service, complementary health services or any or all of the enumerated services or any other necessary services of like character, whether or not contingent upon sickness
World health organization will help you to gain complete knowledge regarding WHO. it is one of the largest and essential international health agency in the world
Sufficient information on WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION, a medico 3rd year MBBS should know.
This PPT is made by using various textbooks and reference books like- K. Park, etc.
For any issue or query, please write to me dr.kaushik.apaar@gmail.com.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
2. • World Health Organization is a specialized, non political, health agency of the
united nations, with headquarters at Geneva.
• The constitution came into force on 7th April,1948 which is celebrated every year
as “World Health Day”.
• The objective of the WHO is “the attainment by all people of the highest level of
health” which is set out in the preamble of the constitution.
3. • WHO has its own constitution, own governing
bodies, own membership and own budget.
• It is part of, but not subordinate to, the united
Nations.
• Membership in WHO is open to all countries.
While most countries are members of both the
UN and of WHO, there are some differences. For
e.g.. Switzerland is a member of WHO, but not of
the UNO.
• Each member state contributes yearly to the
budget & each is entitled to the services & aid
the organization provide.
• In 1948, the WHO had 56 members. Currently
WHO had 194 member states
4. Structure of WHO
WHO
World Health
Assembly/Parliament
The Executive Board The Secretariat The Regions (6)
The member
countries (194)
5. THE WORLD HEALTH ASSEMBLY:
a) This is the “Health Parliament” of Nations and the supreme governing body of the organization.
b) The main functions of the Health Assembly are
(i) To determine international health policy and programmes.
(ii) To review the work of the past year.
(iii) To approve the budget needed for the following year.
(iv) To elect Member States to designate a person to serve for three years on the Executive Board
and to replace the retiring members.
(V) It also appoints the Director General on the nomination of the Executive Board.
6. THE EXECUTIVE BOARD:
• The members of the Board are to be “technically qualified in the field of health”.
• The Executive Board meets twice a year, generally in January and May.
• The main work of the board is to give effect to the decisions and polices of the
Assembly.
• It also has power to take action in emergency conditions, such as epidemics,
earthquakes and floods.
7. THE SECRETARIAT:
• It is headed by the Director General (Dr. Tedros
Adhanom Ghebreyesus) who is the chief
technical and administrative officer of the
organization.
• The primary function of it is to provide Members
States with technical and managerial support for
their national health development programmes.
• There are 5 Assistant Director Generals who are
responsible for the work of such divisions as
may from time to time be assigned to them by
the Director general.
8. The secretariat has the following divisions:
1. Division of epidemiological surveillance and health situation and trend assessment.
2. Division of communicable diseases.
3. Division of vector biology and control.
4. Division of environmental health.
5. Division of public information and education for health.
6. Division of mental health.
7. Division of diagnostic, therapeutic and rehabilitative technology.
8. Division of strengthening of health services.
9. Division of family health.
10. Division of non-communicable diseases.
11. Division of health man power development.
12. Division of information systems support.
13. Division of personnel and general services.
14. Division of budget and finance.
9. Regions of WHO:
It has six regional organizations, which were established to meet the special health
needs of different areas.
These regional organizations implements the policies and programmes of the WHO,
headed by the Regional Director.
10. Functions of WHO:
• Its first Constitutional function is to act as the directing and coordinating authority
on all international health work.
• It also has specific responsibilities for establishing and promoting international
standards in the field of health.
11. 1. PREVENTION AND CONTROL OF SPECIFIC DISEASES:
• The important activity of WHO is epidemiological surveillance of communicable
diseases.
• It collects and disseminates epidemiological information on diseases through
Automatic Telex Reply Services (ATRS) and the “Weekly Epidemiological Record”
(WER).
• It also paid attention to non-communicable disease problems such as cancer,
cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, mental disorders, drug addiction and
dental diseases.
• Immunization against common diseases of childhood is now a priority programme of
the WHO.
12. 2. DEVELOPMENT OF COMPREHENSIVE HEALTH SERVICES:
• Its most important single function is to promote and support national health policy
development and the development of comprehensive national health programmes.
• This field encompasses activities such as organizing health systems based on PHC,
the health manpower and utilization, building of long-term national capability in the
areas of health infrastructure development and health services research.
• Appropriate Technology for Health is a new programme launched by WHO to
encourage self-sufficiency in solving health problems.
13. 3. HEALTH STATISTICS:
• In the earlier days, it was concerned with the dissemination of morbidity and
mortality statistics which were published in the Weekly Epidemiological Record,
World Health Statistics Quarterly and Annuals.
• Apart from the statistics of different countries, WHO publishes “International
Classification of Diseases” which is updated every 10th year.
• Assistance is also given to countries in the improvement of medical records,
planning and operating national health information systems.
14. 4. BIO-MEDICAL RESEARCH:
• It has established a world-wide network of WHO collaborating centres, besides
awarding grants to research workers and institutions for promoting research.
• Six tropical diseases, malaria, schistosomiasis, trypanosomiasis, filariasis,
leishmaniasis and leprosy are the target of the WHO special programme for
Research and Training in Tropical Diseases to develop new tools, strengthen
research institutions and training workers in the countries affected.
15. 5. HEALTH LITERATURE AND INFORMATION:
• It acts as a clearing house for information on health problems.
• Its library is one of the satellite centres of the Medical Literature Analysis and
Retrieval System (MEDLARS) of the U.S. National Library of Medicine.
• MEDLARS is the only fully computerized indexing system covering the whole of
medicine on an international basis.
16. 6. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH:
• It advices governments on national programmes for the provision of basic sanitary
services.
• Recent activities are directed to protection of the quality of air, water and food;
health conditions of work, radiation protection and early identification of new
hazards.
• Programmes like ‘WHO Environment health Criteria Programme’, ‘WHO
Environment Health Monitoring Programme’ were developed towards improving
environmental health.
17. 7. FAMILY HEALTH:
• It is one of the major activities of WHO since 1970.
• It is broadly divided into maternal and child health care, human reproduction,
nutrition and health education.
18. 8. COOPERATION WITH OTHER ORGANIZATIONS:
• It collaborates with the UN and other specialized agencies, and maintains various
degrees of working relationships.
• It has established relations with international governmental organizations.
19. PROGRAMMES OF WHO:
1. Health and biomedical information programme.
2. Malaria action programme.
3. Parasitic diseases programme.
4. Expanded programme on immunization.
5. Diarrheal diseases control programme.
6. Programme for external co-ordination.
7. Special programme for research and training in tropical diseases.
8. Special programme of research development and research training in human reproduction.
9. Action programme on essential drugs.
10. Special programme on AIDS.
11. Pharmaceuticals.
12. Health for all strategy co-ordination.
13. Office of research promotion and development.
20.
21. UNICEF
• International health agency
• It is a specialized health agency of UNO
• Created initially to provide emergency food and medicine to children after 2nd
world war in countries devastated by war.
• It was created by UN General assembly on December 11, 1946.
• It stands for UNITED NATIONS INTERNATIONAL CHILDREN’S EMERGENCY
FUND.
22. • Because of its success in helping children after world war II, it began working
for children all over the world
• It became a permanent part of UN system in 1953.
• It’s name was then shortened to UNITED NATIONS CHILDREN’S FUND but
retained the previous initials.
• It now works in about 192 countries.
23. Structure of UNICEF
• It has a 36 member Executive Board that makes the
policies, approves programs, oversees administrative
&financial plans.
• The members are elected by UN Economic and Social
Council for a term of 3 yrs.
• It is now headed by Ms. Catherine M. Russell and
headquartered in New York.
• It’s supply division’s headquarter is Copenhagen.
• It’s work is carried across the world by 7 regional offices.
24. • It is supported entirely with voluntary funds (2/3rd from governments; remaining
from National Committees & private groups).
• National Committees are non-governmental organizations that play an important
role in fund raising in western countries.
• UNICEF also makes partnerships with world class athletes and teams to promote its
work& raise funds. e.g.: FC Barcelona, ICC.
25. Services..
• UNICEF’s work is guided by the Convention on the Rights of the Child.
• It is now giving importance to concept of “whole child”.
• It means that assistance should be given not only to health and nutrition but to also
to their long-term personnel development and to development of country in which
they live.
26. Priorities
It currently focuses on five services..
Education & Gender equality
Child Survival & Health
Integrated Early Child Development
Fight against HIV/ AIDS
Child protection
27. EDUCATION
• It works to improve the access of boys and girls to quality primary
education and also for its completion.
• Girls are the focus.
Gender inequality
More vulnerable to poverty, HIV/AIDS & exploitation if
uneducated.
Education benefits not only girls but also their future children.
• Reducing the school dropouts of girl.
• Improving the quality of education in poor countries.
28. CHILD HEALTH
• Immunization is the method supported by UNICEF has made great
improvements in the health of children e.g. Universal Immunization
Programme/EPI
• The immunization program is directed against the 6 communicable
diseases-TB, Polio, Diphtheria, measles, pertussis & tetanus.
• Other methods include:
Micronutrient supplementation
Sanitation & Safe water supply
Nutrition & Breast feeding promotion
29. • UNICEF’s role in advancing child survival and health extends across a
number of areas, including:
Engaging in policy advocacy.
Improving health services.
Monitoring and evaluation.
• In near future it targets at
Eradicating polio throughout world.
Eliminating neonatal tetanus.
Reduce the deaths caused by measles
30. GOBI – FFF Campaign
• It is to encourage 7 strategies for ‘Child Health Revolution’.
-G - Growth charts to monitor child development.
-O - Oral rehydration to treat dehydration.
-B - Breast feeding.
-I - Immunization.
-F - Food fortification
-F - Family planning
-F - Female literacy
• UNICEF is also participating in UBS (urban basic services) to improve
quality of survival & development of children of low income families.
31. Integrated Early Child Development
• The ECD approach is based on fact that children if given proper care in early
years could be healthy, emotionally strong…
• The interventions include:
Educating and supporting parents.
Developing capacities of teachers.
Mass communications to increase the knowledge of parents and care
takers.
32. Child Protection
• An estimated 300 million children are subjected to violence,
abuse, exploitation like child labour, genital mutilation,
armed conflict & child marriages.
• UNICEF believes that children have the right to survival,
growth &development and they have to be safeguarded.
33. UNICEF works with various partners to enforce laws and policies that
protect children.
Port managers to prevent trafficking.
It support families & communities to look out for their children.
Organizations like ILO helps it in identifying child labour and give
assistance for their education.
34. Fighting against HIV/AIDS
• Around 40 million children around world are infected
with HIV
In 2005, UNICEF along with its partners, launched “Unite
for Children, Unite against AIDS” campaign to put children
on global agenda.
It believes in the concept of 4P’s
• Preventing transmission from mother-to-child.
• Pediatric care and treatment
• Primary prevention
• Protection, care and support
35. Water, environment and sanitation
• Through sanitation programme, UNICEF works towards maximizing the
health benefits of young children.
• UNICEF’s strategy for WASH (2016 to 2030) and Strategic Plan (2018 to
2022) seek to ensure that every child lives in a clean and safe
environment, gains access to basic sanitation and safe drinking water in
early childhood development centres, schools, health centres and in
humanitarian situations.
36. UNICEF in Emergencies
• Emergency is the fundamental mission on which
UNICEF is created.
• During a crisis, UNICEF focuses on meeting the
basic needs of women and children as well as
protecting their fundamental rights.
37. Innocenti Research Centre
• UNICEF Innocenti Research Centre, was established in 1988, in
Florence, Italy.
• It is to strengthen the research capability of the United Nations
Children's Fund.
• It’s main objectives are:
To improve economic policies.
Improve understanding of Child Rights.
38. MILE STONES
• UNICEF is awarded the 1965 Nobel Peace Prize “for
the promotion of brotherhood among nations.”
• The Convention on Rights of Child is adopted by UN
General Assembly in 1990.
• “Say Yes For Children” campaign is launched in
2001.
39. UNICEF in INDIA
• UNICEF started it services in India in the year 1949.
• Of the 7 regional offices of UNICEF one is at New Delhi for South Central Asian
Region (Afghanistan, India, the Maldives, Mongolia, Nepal & Sri Lanka).
• The content of services and priorities are the same for India as of world with little
modifications.
40. UNICEF contributions to Child Health in India:
• Supported India’s BCG vaccination programme.
• Assisted in erection of India’s first Penicillin & DDT plants.
• It supported the Community Health Worker’s scheme launched by
Central Gov.
• It supported the NGWEP and made India free of guinea worm by
2000.
41. Nutrition
• Funded the world’s 1st milk processing plant.
• Assisted the government in various programs like
Applied Nutrition Programme & Special Nutrition
Programme.
• Dular Project.
• Working to promote Iodized salt.
42. Child Development Programme
• It works with National Council of Educational Research and Training
(NCERT) & UNESCO to reorganize teaching science in schools.
• It provides supplies to the government’s ICDS (Integrated Child
Development Services) programme.
• Bihar Education Project.
43. IN EMERGENCIES
• It worked along with Indian government to save the children of fleeing
refugees of East Pakistan during 1971-72.
• Supported state Gov. during Orissa cyclone.
• During 2001 Gujarat earthquake it provided medical relief, child
protection services, safe drinking water & opened temporary schools.
• During the 2004 tsunami it provided immediate relief & organization
to reach Nicobar islands.
44. • It assisted relief operations during Bihar drought in
1966.
• It is a key partner in governments rural water
supply programme and helped in the development
of Mark II hand pumps.
• It supports “Mahila Samakhya”- meaning education
for women’s equality.