This document discusses push and pull factors that influence migration. Push factors push people away from an area, such as poverty, famine, war, lack of jobs or opportunities. Pull factors attract people to a new area, like higher income potential, better services, political stability, or religious tolerance. The document provides examples of common push factors like unemployment or crime that might drive emigration from a city or country. Pull factors that might draw immigrants include job opportunities, economic growth, peace, and anti-discrimination laws. In conclusion, underdeveloped countries often experience push factors like economic problems that cause people to relocate to developed nations with pull factors offering greater prospects.

1. PUSH AND PULL FACTORS

2. Prepared for:
Mr. Golam Md. Forkan
Associate Professor
Faculty of Business Administration
Eastern university
Prepared by:
Md. Ashraful Atique Ruman
Id. 093200011 (BBA)
Eastern University
Date: 4th September, 2012

3. PUSH AND PULL FACTORS
Introduction
Push factors or pull factors are factors in which would make one individual want to move out of
certain areas (called push factors) and factors that would make one person attracted to another
area (called pull factors). Push and pull factors may vary from place to place, and may also
depend on the individual's opinions. Common push factors may range from poverty, famine,
bullying, discrimination, war, and even difficulty in finding courtship. Pull factors may range
from high income, more food services, low crime rates, anti-discrimination laws, less bullying,
and peace.
Push Factors
A push factor is a feature or event that pushes a person away from or encourages a person to
leave his or her current residence, city, state or country, organization, or religion.
Push factors for leaving one's current residence include:
1. Family conflict (such as divorce and domestic violence) or other family worries
2. Unfavorable conditions in the current residence
3. Oppression
4. Lack of independence in the current residence
5. Lack of services in the locality of the current residence
Push factors for leaving a city, state, or country of origin include:
1. Lack of jobs
2. High crime rate
3. Poverty
4. Unreliable food services or famine

4. 5. Environmental problems
a. Pollution
b. Drought
c. Natural disasters
6. Overcrowding or Overpopulation
7. Fear of loss of wealth
8. Difficulty finding courtship
9. High cost of living
10. Bullying
11. Discrimination, or negative stereotyping
12. Religious or political oppression or persecution
13. Destructive, detrimental or otherwise undesirable form of government
14. Repressive culture
15. Warfare or civil strife
16. Economics provide the main reason for leaving a country of origin. Environmental
problems and natural disaster lead to loss of money, shelter, and employment.
Pull Factors
A pull factor is a feature or event that attracts a person to move to another area.
Pull factors include:
1.
Better environmental conditions
2.
More or better services in that area
3.
More reliable food services (lower risk of famine)
4.
Higher standards of living
5.
Higher income
6.
Peace (absence of civil strife or warfare)
7.
Better behavior among the people (lower crime rates, less bullying, and higher moral
standards)

5. 8.
Anti-discrimination laws
9.
More desirable climate (more temperate)
10.
Better chances of finding courtship
11.
Immediate distance from family problems
12.
Economic stability and less risk of loss of wealth
13.
Cultural diversity
14.
Religious or political tolerance (living in a more liberal or less repressive state or
country)
15.
More comfortable housing
Conclusion:
Actually a country when face a lot of problems then that countries some people will want to go
another developed country because, that country have more job opportunity and their economy is
also good. So, under development countries peoples automatically go to developed country. This
situation is called pull factors. On the other hand push factors means when a country faces some
major problems such as unemployment, economic recession, high prices of necessary goods then
the countries some peoples will be forced by their own country go to another country. So, they
will go to another developed country. That is called push factors.
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