Homesteaders Reasons
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The document discusses the reasons for and impacts of western expansion and settlement of the Great Plains in the United States during the late 19th century. It describes how the Homestead Acts of 1862 and later acts aimed to encourage migration to the Plains by offering settlers free land if they lived on and improved it for a period of years. The railroad companies also promoted settlement to increase passenger and freight traffic on their newly built transcontinental lines across the Plains. As a result of these policies and promotions, over 2.5 million acres were claimed and millions of settlers moved West, transforming the Plains.
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The document discusses legal and illegal migration. It defines legal migration as migration with formal permission, while illegal migration is defined as entering a country without formal permission, such as illegal aliens or boat people. Some reasons for illegal migration include overpopulation, poverty, trade liberalization, and economics/labor market factors. Effects of illegal migration include rising unemployment, tax reductions, increased crime rates, and threats to traditional culture from different cultures. Proposed solutions include policy changes and repatriation programs.
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This document discusses different types of migration including rural-urban migration, seasonal migration, planned migration, and involuntary migration. It provides details on each type, including common causes, examples, and potential consequences for areas that migrants leave and arrive in, as well as consequences for migrants themselves. Rural-urban migration is driven by population growth and lack of opportunity in rural areas, pushing young males to cities. Planned migration includes Indonesia's transmigration program to relocate people from overpopulated islands like Java to less populated outer islands, with mixed results. Involuntary migration refers to forced migration of refugees fleeing conflict, persecution, or environmental disasters.
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The document discusses the three main reasons why homesteaders moved to settle on the Great Plains in the late 19th century. The first reason was government acts, like the Homestead Act of 1862, which offered settlers free land in exchange for farming it for five years. The second reason was the aftermath of the Civil War, as ex-soldiers from both sides sought a fresh start. The third reason was the development of transcontinental railroads, which made travel to and commerce on the Plains easier while also selling land adjacent to the rail lines.
4.2 the rise of farming in the west
The US government offered incentives like the Homestead Act of 1862 to encourage settlement of the Great Plains. This act allowed individuals to obtain 160 acres of land for a $10 filing fee if they lived on and improved the land for 5 years. Daniel Freeman was one of the first to take advantage of this act, filing a land claim at midnight on New Year's Eve 1862. Over 1.6 million homesteads totaling 270 million acres were eventually claimed through this act. While farming innovations like steel plows and mechanical reapers made agriculture on the plains possible, many hardships were faced and approximately 80% of homesteads ultimately failed often due to drought, grasshoppers, harsh weather, and low wheat prices.
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The document discusses why people went west in the late 19th century, noting that newspapers encouraged moving west to take advantage of new opportunities on the Great Plains following the Civil War. The government passed two acts in 1862, the Morrill Land-Grant Act and the Homestead Act, which gave states land to establish agricultural colleges and settlers ownership of 160 acres respectively if they lived on and farmed the land for several years. Improved transportation, including the 1862 Pacific Railway Act and the completion of the transcontinental railroad in 1869, made traveling west much easier.
U.S. History Since Reconstruction ~ Week Two Lecture
Between 1870-1900, the number of American farms doubled to over 1 million new farms. The amount of farmland also doubled, encouraged by government policies. Key factors in western development included the transcontinental railroad which received 100 million acres under the Pacific Railway Act, the Homestead Act which gave settlers 160 acres for free after 5 years, and the removal of Plains Indian tribes and buffalo herds. The Dawes Severalty Act of 1887 broke up reservations by distributing land to individual Native Americans in an attempt to assimilate them, but ultimately resulted in the loss of 60% of reservation lands and 66% of allotted lands.
Ppp Homesteaders Living
The Homestead Act of 1862 granted 160 acres of free land to families who built a house and lived on the land for 5 years. Later acts expanded the amount of land granted to 480 acres. The Desert Land Act of 1877 allowed people to purchase 160 acres if rainfall was insufficient. While the Homestead Act provided land for thousands of farmers, many found the land unsuitable for farming with tools and seeds from back east. Settlers often faced difficult conditions like lack of water, extreme weather, and crop failures.
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The document summarizes 12 key dates in the settlement of the American West between 1837-1890. It describes major events like the 1837 financial crisis that pushed people west, the 1848 California Gold Rush that greatly increased western migration, the 1862 Homestead Act that encouraged settlement of the Great Plains, the 1864 Sand Creek Massacre where hundreds of Native Americans were killed, the 1869 completion of the Transcontinental Railroad that reduced travel time and connected the east and west, and the 1890 Battle of Wounded Knee which marked the end of Native American resistance to U.S. control of the Great Plains.
Johns power point for coach buch
The years from 1865-1895 saw many important developments in America following the Civil War. Some key events included the Bessemer process revolutionizing steel production, the publication of Darwin's theory of evolution, the establishment of the Buffalo Soldiers regiment, and the completion of the Transcontinental Railroad connecting the country. During this time period, many African Americans moved west in the Exodusters movement seeking freedom and land, while Native Americans faced increasing pressure to leave traditional lands. Industrialization and urbanization accelerated, leading to challenges like the rise of political machines, monopolies, trusts, and labor issues. Inventions like the telephone and portable cameras emerged, as did influential leaders like Booker T. Washington who sought economic opportunities for African Americans
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The document discusses homesteaders on the Great Plains in the late 19th century. It describes who the homesteaders were, including white Americans from the East, European immigrants, ex-soldiers from the Civil War, and ex-slaves. It also explains that the homesteaders were drawn West by cheap land offered by the Homestead Act and promises of opportunity, but that farming on the Great Plains presented numerous challenges due to the lack of water, extreme weather, insects, and other factors.
Development of West
The end of the Indian Wars in 1885 with Geronimo's surrender removed a major threat to settlers in the West. The invention of barbed wire in 1874 fenced off the Great Plains, ending the era of open cattle drives and hurting cowboys. The expansion of railroads through land grants and government subsidies between 1862-1869 opened up the western territories to increased migration and settlement by connecting the East to resources in the West like land, water, and timber.
Westward expansion vocabulary
The document defines key terms related to Westward Expansion in the United States including: the frontier, Great Plains, Klondike Gold Rush, Homestead Act, Indian Wars, reservations, Dawes Act, and American Indian Citizenship Act. Specifically, it provides definitions for frontier lands at the furthest extent of settlement, the flatlands of the Great Plains prone to erosion and dust storms, the Klondike Gold Rush that drew prospectors to Canada in the 1890s, the Homestead Act of 1862 that gave citizens land, conflicts between Native Americans and the government over removal to reservations, the reservation system established in the 1850s, the Dawes Act that broke up reservations and distributed land privately, and the Act that
Development of west 2
The document summarizes key factors that opened up the American West to migration in the late 19th century, including:
1) Geronimo's surrender in 1885 marked the end of the Indian Wars, removing the threat Native Americans posed to settlers in the West.
2) The invention of barbed wire in 1874 allowed for fencing of the Great Plains, ending open grazing by cattle and the era of cattle drives.
3) The building of transcontinental railroads under the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and Land Grant System made travel to and settlement in the West much easier, further encouraging migration.
Development of West
The document discusses three key factors that opened up the American West to migration in the late 19th century: 1) The end of the Indian Wars in 1885 marked by Geronimo's surrender, removing the threat to settlers; 2) The invention of barbed wire in 1874, which allowed for fencing of the Great Plains and ended cattle drives; 3) The building of transcontinental railroads under the Pacific Railway Act of 1862 and Land Grant System, which connected the West and greatly increased settlement.
Chapter 13.3 farming the plains
The document summarizes incentives and challenges for farmers settling in the American West in the late 19th century. It discusses how settlers built sod homes and adapted farming methods to the dry climate. It also describes the Homestead Act of 1862, which gave settlers land for farming, and incentives like the Pacific Railway Act that encouraged railroad expansion. The document notes how African Americans began migrating west in large numbers after 1877 to escape oppression and violence in the South. It explains that bonanza farms, which operated like factories, were susceptible to boom and bust cycles due to their large costs and reliance on consistent harvests.
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The document provides an overview of the agricultural revolution in the United States between 1865-1890, including the displacement of Native Americans, western expansion, development of farming and cattle ranching, and economic hardships faced by farmers. It discusses factors such as the Homestead Act, drought, the rise of mechanized agriculture, and the formation of groups like the Grange to politically advocate for farmers' interests in the face of debt, deflation, and railroad monopolies.
Pageant 13th Ch 26 lecture text only
The document provides an overview of the agricultural revolution in the United States between 1865-1890, including the displacement of Native Americans, western expansion, development of farming and cattle ranching, and economic hardships faced by farmers. It discusses factors such as the Homestead Act, drought, the rise of mechanized agriculture, and the formation of groups like the Grange to politically advocate for farmers' interests in the face of debt, deflation, and railroad monopolies.
18.1 Miners, Ranchers and Railroads
As more people moved west, mining, ranching, and railroads began transforming the West in the late 1800s. Mining booms like the 1859 Comstock Lode discovery in Nevada led to new towns springing up overnight. Cattle ranching also became popular, though it ended with the introduction of barbed wire fencing. Growing populations in the West increased the need for better communication and transportation, leading to the development of the Pony Express and telegraph systems. The Transcontinental Railroad was ultimately built between 1866-1869 to connect the eastern and western United States, spurring further economic growth.
Westward expansion and settlement
The document summarizes westward expansion in the late 19th century United States. The Homestead Act of 1862 gave settlers 160 acres of land if they developed it for 5 years, encouraging migration west. Railroads transported thousands of families, many European immigrants, seeking new opportunities in farming. Groups like African Americans fleeing the post-Civil War South, called "Exodusters", also migrated west. While life on the frontier was difficult due to weather and lack of resources, it provided new prospects for women's suffrage and independence. Rapid settlement led to clashes with Native Americans over hunting lands and the destruction of the buffalo, reducing Indian holdings to small reservations by 1890.
Summary of the reform movement semester 1
The document summarizes the reform movement that aimed to bust monopolies and trusts in the late 19th and early 20th centuries in America. During this time, monopolies and trusts left much of the nation's wealth concentrated in the hands of a few powerful men. Policies following the Reconstruction Era favored northern industrialists and set no business regulations. This led to the rise of large railroad and business monopolies through acts like the Homestead Act and Pacific Railway Acts that promoted western expansion and gave favorable deals to companies.
c. 1850-1900Prior to the discovery of gold, much of
c. 1850-1900
Prior to the discovery of gold, much of the West was considered a wasteland & much was part of North MexicoDuring the last decades of the 1800s, the U.S. was segmented into 1) an industrialized society and 2) a frontierThe 1890 census was the first to record that the frontier had been settledAdditionally, by 1890 the US surpassed Great Britain in iron and steel productionSettlement in the West was powered by industry
Mexico was under Spanish domination until 1821.
*
By the 1860s, agricultural settlement reached the western margins of the tall grass prairies
Ecology-60 million years ago, the Rocky Mountains rose out of the sea and covered western North AmericaWith no outlet, the shallow inland sea dried upA hard pan was leftSediment washed down from the mountains over time to form a loose, featureless surface
Ecology-The climate suffered from cycles of drought because moist winds from the Pacific ocean delivered rain on the western slope of the Sierras Only drought-resistant grasses and plants could survive in this climateThe ecosystem could support certain plants and animals, but had not nurtured very much human settlement
About 100,000 Native American groups lived on the plains in 1850They were very diverseThey have been categorized across six linguistic families and 30 “tribal” groupsMandan, Arikara, Pawnee
~lived in permanent villages
~planted corn & beans
~however, smallpox & measles ravaged settled groups
Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, Cheyenne, “Blackfeet,” “Crow,” & SiouxWere dispersed in hunting groupsFirst arrived on the plains in the 1600sHunted buffaloMoved from lake country in northern Minnesota when fish and game dwindled
Kiowa, Comanche, Arapaho, Cheyenne, “Blackfeet,” “Crow,” & SiouxBecame nomadicLived in portable skin teepeesAcquired horses from southwestern groupsCame to claim the entire Great Plains North of the Arkansas RiverDrove out or subjugated longer-settled groups
One notable group of Plains Native American Indians were the Lakota SiouxThey had strict gender rolesWomen were more subordinate than in other groupsSaw God as a series of powers pervading the universeThe Sun Dance was one form of religious worship for them
Image of Sun Dance from http://ccat.sas.upenn.edu/rs/2/lectures/lakota/sundance.detail.jpg.
*
The Lakota Sioux were not a self-contained group of peopleThey traded with others, including whitesPelts and buffalo robes were traded for kettles, knives, blankets, & guns, which the Lakota came to rely upon
Again, prior to the 1840s gold rush, land in the west was seen as only worthy of Native American Indian settlement and useIn 1834, congress formally designated the Great Plains as permanent Indian countryThe army constructed border forts from Lake Superior to Fort Worth TexasThey were made of stone because they would be in place “forever”“Mainstream” Americans would theoretically trade with the Native Americans, but not settle the west
What changed these per ...
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Homesteaders Reasons
- 4. Reasons for movement: Push and Pull factors. Push High cost of living in the East coast Escape the poverty of being immigrants, Overcrowding in the East
- 5. Reasons for movement: Push and Pull factors. Pull Sense of adventure – Manifest Destiny Cheap land with Rail and Govt. Laws Adverts saying how good it is.
- 12. Adverts like this, sold the idea of settling on the Plains. Notice the lush green scenery – not all the Plains were like this! The Railways also set up ‘Exploring ticket’, which allowed people top visit the plains. If a person wanted to, they could then buy the land on credit from the rail company. The company was selling land it owned either side of the railways.