Clear concept population and Violence (Begum Rokeya university,Rangpur)

1. Welcome
to Our
presentation

2. We Are Group - 2

3. GROUP MEMBERS
NAME ID
Mahbuba Redowan Asha 1617002
Farhana Tammanna Siddika 1617019
Taufeeq Ahmed 1617022
Abdulla Khan 1617029
Maliha Samdad Mou 1617030
Rahi Molla Sarkar 1617041
Md. Sadhin Akond 1617043
Shameul Islam 1617057
Musa Ali 1617063
Moksatara Pakhi 1517012
Junayed Siddiki 1517049
Sidratul Muntaha 1617032

4. Population and violence
1. Definition of population and violence
2. Diseases
3. Disaster and mental disorder
4. Gender-based violence
5. Violence factors
6. Violence types
7. Violence effects
8. Violence prevention

5. Population:
 the whole number of people or inhabitants in a country or region.
Violence:
 behavior involving physical force intended to hurt, damage, or kill someone or
something.
 "the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual, against
oneself, another person, or against a group or community, which either
results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death, psychological
harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation."

6. Is violence a disease?
Yes or Not?

7. Disease
A disease is a particular abnormal condition that
negatively affects the structure or function of part or
all of an organism and that is not due to any external
injury.
In humans, disease is often used more broadly to refer
to any condition that causes pain, dysfunction,
distress, social problems for those in contact with the
person.

8. Is violence a disease?
“Yes”
Violence poses a considerable public health
problem through its direct and indirect
effects on health.

9. Here disease are two types. They are:
1. Accidental and
2. Epidemical.
Accident: In general an unplanned, unexpected and
undesigned (Not purposefully caused) event which
occurred suddenly and causes injury or loss.

10. Accidental Disease
 Mental Disorder
 Major Depression
 Cardiovascular Disease (Stroke, heart disease, heart failure)
 Disability
 Physical Injury
 Infection
 Respiratory Disease
 Liver Disease

16. Disaster and Mental
Disorder.

17. Disaster and Psychological Effect on
Human
 The impact of a natural disaster is often measured by a handful of numbers:
the number of fatalities and injuries, the number of homes and buildings
destroyed, the cost of cleanup and repair. It doesn’t often account for the
emotional wounds inflicted on survivors.

18.  When people experience these traumatic and often unexpected events, their
first reaction is usually a combination of fear and distress
 Mental disorders are among the strongest risk factors for self-directed
violence.being exposed to natural disasters will increase the likelihood of
developing mental disorders.Therefore, a relation between being exposed to
natural disasters and mental pproblem and violence are associated

20. reason behind mental problem
 study revealed that suicidal behavior might manifest years after a natural disaster.
ie Earthquake
This seems to be related to
 the quarrels among families regarding sharing the financial burden of rebuilding
the house,
 lack of social and financial support during the harsh rebuilding process
 the powerlessness, and the frustrations caused by a corrupt bureaucracy
 shock of the disaster

21. Types of disaster releted mental
problem
 Adjustment disorders
 Depression,
 post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD)
 anxiety disorders
 Researchers have assigned that the PTSD as the signature diagnosis among post
disaster mental morbidity.
 Mood disorders
 Mental health morbidity continues to be prevalent even after 3-5 years in the
disaster affected community.

22.  some of studies reveal that being exposed to natural disasters such as
tsunami, hurricane, earthquake, and flood increases the violence against
women and girls, e.g., rape and sexual abuse,intimate partner violence,child
PTSD, child abuse,and inflicted traumatic brain injury.

23.  Since in the aftermath of natural disasters women and children may be
separated from their family, they are often at greater risk of being subject
to interpersonal violence.Therefore, in such situations proper attention
should be paid to the needs of these vulnerable groups.
 These include: Swift identification of separated children and reunification
of them with their official guardians, providing secure places for single
women and girls and providing proper health services, counseling, and legal
support for the victims of such violence.

24.  after disaster 20-40% of the affected populations suffer from mild psychological
distress and 30-50% suffers from moderate to severe psychological distress.
 WHO recognizes that alongside building capacity of disaster management
personnel on mental health and psychosocial support, they should also be trained
to take care of their own mental health needs. Involvement in disaster
management is a known risk factor for increased prevalence of various psychiatric
disorders.

25. Overcome initiative of Mental problem
 Talk about it. Not expressing your feelings will keep you from being able to work through
what happened. By talking with others, you will relieve stress.
 Get plenty of rest and exercise. Remember to eat well. Avoid excessive drinking and risk-
taking activities.
 Spend time with your family. If you have any children, encourage them to discuss their
concerns and feelings with you.
 As soon as it feels comfortable, go back to dauly usual routine.
 Do things that we find relaxing and soothing.
 Recall other times you have experienced strong emotions and how they were resolved.
 Do something positive that will help you gain a greater sense of control (for example, give
blood, take a first aid class or donate food or clothing).
 If you feel overwhelmed by the disaster, ask for help. It’s not a sign of weakness. Talk with a
trusted relative, friend, social worker, or clergy member.

26. Mental Disorder
 Lost jobs.
 Be displaced from their homes.
 Economic problem.
 Lack of food.
 Increasing use of drugs.
 Domestic violence increases.
 Increasing crime.
 Difficulties in making decisions.
 Increasing population growth

27. Gender-based violence:
 The term gender-based violence reflects the idea that violence often serves
to maintain structural gender inequalities, and includes the victimization of
women, girls, men, boys, adolescents, and lesbian, gay, transgender, and
gender non-conforming people. Gender-based violence is largely male-
patterned violence and influences or is influenced by gender relations.
 Gender-based violence is a phenomenon deeply rooted in gender inequality,
and continues to be one of the most notable human rights violations within all
societies. Gender-based violence is violence directed against a person
because of their gender. Both women and men experience gender-based
violence but the majority of victims are women and girls.

28. Types:
Gender-based violence can be broadly defined into five categories:
a) Sexual violence (rape ،sexual assault ،sexual harassment)
b) Physical violence (hitting ،slapping ،beating)
c) Emotional violence (psychological abuse)
d) Economic violence (denial of resources)
e) Harmful traditional practices (forced marriages ،female genital mutilation).

29. Causes of gender-based violence:
 Lack of gender equality
 Power imbalance between men and women
 Poverty
 low educational level
 lack of awareness and knowledge about rights
 Women's low position
 Polygamy
 Fatwa or Religious Misinterpretation
 Moral Degradation
 Weakness of law
 Economic Dependency
 Dowry

30. Consequences of gender-based violence:
 Health consequences include unwanted pregnancies ،complications from unsafe
abortions،
 sexually transmitted infections including HIV ،injuries
 mental health and psychosocial effects (depression ،anxiety ،post-traumatic
stress ،suicide and death).
 Violence also affects children’s survival ،development and school participation.
Social consequences extend to families and communities.
Prevention:
 Gender equality
 Rising awareness
 Stop polygamy
 There must be strict laws
 Stop dowry tradition

31. Gender-based violence in Bangladesh:

32. Gender-based violence in the world:
Source: WHO-multi country study (2015).

33. Factors of violence
violence cannot be attributed to a single factor. Its causes are complex and occur at different levels.
To represent this complexity, the ecological, or social ecological model is often used. The following
four-level version of the ecological model is often used in the study of violence:
The first level identifies
biological and personal factors that influence how individuals behave and increase their likelihood of
becoming a victim or perpetrator of violence.
The second level focuses on
close relationships, such as those with family and friends.
The third level explores
the community context—i.e., schools, workplaces, and neighbourhoods.
Finally, the fourth level looks at the broad societal factors that help to create a climate in which
violence is encouraged or inhibited.

34. Child rearing
Cross-cultural studies have shown that greater prevalence of corporal punishment
of children tends to predict higher levels of violence in societies.
Psychology
The causes of violent behaviour in humans are often a topic of research in
psychology. Neurobiologist Jan Volavka emphasizes that, for those purposes,
"violent behavior is defined as intentional physically aggressive behavior against
another person.

35. Media
• Research into the media and violence examines whether
links between consuming media violence and subsequent
aggressive and violent behaviour exists. Although some
scholars had claimed media violence may increase
aggression,this view is coming increasingly in doubt both
in the scholarly community and was rejected by the US
Supreme Court in the Brown v EMA case, as well as in a
review of video game violence by the Australian
Government (2010) which concluded evidence for harmful
effects were inconclusive at best and the rhetoric of some
scholars was not matched by good data.

36. Self-directed violence
Suicide is one of the leading causes of death worldwide and is an important public
health problem. Among those aged 15-44 years, self-inflicted injuries are the fourth
leading cause of death and the sixth leading cause of ill-health and disability. There are
may causes for suicide such as depression, mental disability, being helpless etc.
Collective violence
Collective violence includes violent conflicts between nations and
groups, state and group terrorism, rape as a weapon of war, the
movement of large numbers of people displaced from their
homes, and gang warfare.

37. warfare
warfare is generally understood to be the controlled and systematic waging of armed
conflict between sovereign nations or states, using military might and strategy, until
one opponent is defeated on the field or sues for peace in the face of inevitable
destruction and greater loss of human life.
Interpersonal violence
Interpersonal Violence (IPV) is the intentional use of physical force or power, threatened or actual,
against a person or group that results in or has a high likelihood of resulting in injury, death,
psychological harm, maldevelopment, or deprivation. IPV can be committed by a person who is or has
been in a romantic relationship, spouse or partner, family member, cohabitant, or household member
including a roommate.

38. NON-PHYSICAL VIOLENCE
Non-physical violence includes those acts that result from a power
relationship including treats and intimidation, neglect or act of
omission.
Non-physical violence has a broad range of outcomes includuding :
Psychological harm, Deprivation and Maldevelpement.
Targeted Violence
Several rare but painful episods of assassination, attempted and school shooting
at elementary,high schools as colleges and universities.

39. Everyday Violence
 As an anthropological concept, this kind of violence may refer to the
incorporation of different forms of violence (mainly political violence) into
daily practice
Domestic Violence
 Domestic violence is a pattern of abusive behaviors – including physical,
sexual, and psychological attacks as well as economic coercion – that adults
and adolescents use against an intimate partner.

40. Type of Abuses
 Control
 Physical Abuse
 Sexual Abuse
 Emotional Abuse & Intimidation
 Isolation
 Verbal Abuse: Coercion, Threats, & Blame
 Using Male Privilege
 Economic Abuse

41. Domestic Violence fact sheet
 On average , nearly 20 people per minute are physically abused by an
intimate partner in the united states.
 1 in a 4 women and 1 in a 9 men experiences severe violence by their
intimate partners
 1 in 5 women and 1 in 71 men in the United States has been raped in their
lifetime.
 Almost half of female (46.7%) and male ( 44.9%) victims in the United States
were raped by an acquaintance.
 1 in a 15 children are exposed to intimate partner violence each year and 90%
of these children are eyewitness to this violence.

43. Violence Effect
Adverse effect of disaster in different age groups

44. Toddlers and Preschoolers
 Regressive behaviors
 Reaction reflects that of parents
 Decreased appetite
 Vomiting, constipation
 Muteness
 Posttraumatic stress disorders
School-age Children
 Stronger effects than any other groups
 Fear, Anxiety
 Increased hostility with siblings
 Physical complaints
 Sleep disorder
 School problems
 Decreased interest in school

45. Preadolescents
 Increased hostility with siblings
 Physical complaints
 Eating disorders
 Sleep disorders
 Rebellion
 Refusal to do chores
 Interpersonal difficulties
Adolescents
 Decreased interest in social activities
 Anhedonia (inability to experience pleaasure)
 Decline in responsible behaviors
 Sleep disorders
 Change in physical activities
 Confusion
 Lack of concentration

46. Disaster Total Sickness(age group) Injured(age group)
00-17 18-60 61+ 00-17 18-60 61+
Total 1890734 69.53 25.83 4.63 36.54 47.33 16.13
Drought 133610 4.71 2.03 0.33 0.00 0.00 0.00
Flood 905781 33.76 12.24 1.99 19.87 17.94 4.09
Water Logging 235009 8.45 3.29 0.68 1.77 4.39 1.51
Cyclone 228215 8.44 2.91 0.78 4.33 5.34 5.5
Tornado 22613 0.86 0.28 0.05 2.05 5.29 1.08
Storm / Tidal Surge 86347 3.08 1.27 0.21 0.76 2.39 0.72
Thunderstorm 89675 3.71 0.92 0.12 2.60 3.63 0.46
River Erosion 16139 0.55 0.22 0.18 2.01 1.64 0.51
Landslide 785 0.02 0.02 0.00 0.00 0.01 0.00
Salinity 15073 0.36 0.41 0.03 0.00 0.00 0.00
Hailstorm 65887 2.24 0.97 0.28 1.93 5.53 1.63
Others(fog,etc) 91600 3.34 1.27 0.23 1.23 1.17 0.60
Distribution of population suffering from sickness and injury by age group and disaster 2009-’14

47. 46%
6%
48%
Percentage of household members suffering from disease by age
group
Age:18-60
Age:61+
Age:00-17

48. Prevention of Violence
 Family deeper bonding
 Proper education
 Female education
 Proper Justice

50. FINISHED!!!
This time to attract us with your good