Floors, walls, and windows are the most permanent backgrounds in a room, so interior design should be planned around them. Carpet is a common flooring option that adds warmth and texture but must be chosen based on fiber type, twist, and pile density for durability. Popular wall surfaces include paint, wallpaper, tiles, and panels, with trim elements added for decoration or protection. Windows are less permanent than floors or walls but should complement the overall design scheme.
Floor coverings are used to provide comfort, warmth, noise reduction and finished appearance to floors. There are two main types - hard and soft coverings. Hard coverings include materials like vinyl, asphalt and wood tiles which are durable but noisy. Soft coverings include carpets and rugs which add texture, warmth and resilience while reducing noise. Selection depends on factors like durability, cost, appearance and intended use.
This document provides information about carpets and rugs as furnishing materials. It discusses different types of carpets including woven carpets like Wilton, Axminster and oriental carpets, as well as non-woven carpets like tufted, berber and bonded carpets. It also covers carpet construction, uses of carpets, selection considerations, care and cleaning methods like shampooing and bonnet cleaning.
This document discusses different types of carpets, including their materials, manufacturing processes, uses, and maintenance. Some key points covered include:
- Carpets originated in the East and are now commonly used for warmth, appearance, safety, and sound insulation. Materials include natural fibers like wool and synthetic fibers like nylon.
- Carpet selection depends on factors like cost, durability, appearance, safety properties, and comfort. Woven carpets include Wilton, Brussels, and Axminster carpets while nonwoven carpets are tufted, pile bonded, or needle punched.
- Proper carpet care involves regular vacuuming, protecting edges, and periodic deep cleaning methods like sh
This document provides information about hardwood flooring, including types of hardwood flooring, installation, maintenance, and repair. It discusses factors that affect flooring choice like cost and durability. It also describes different types of flooring materials like laminate, bamboo, cork and describes hard flooring materials like ceramic tile and stone. The document provides guidance on maintenance for hardwood floors including sweeping, cleaning and repair for moderate to heavy damage. It emphasizes the importance of regular maintenance to prevent damage over time and extending the life of hardwood floors.
This document provides information about different types of textiles used in living rooms, including curtains, throws and blankets, rugs and carpets, cushions, upholstery, and tablecloths. It describes the various materials, styles, and uses of each type of textile. Curtains come in different styles and are typically made of lighter fabrics to hang from curtain rods. Throws and blankets are used to add warmth and can instantly update a room. Rugs are smaller than carpets and may be used on floors, walls, or as decorations, while carpets are used as primary floor coverings. Cushions are stuffed bags used for seating that can have decorative covers. Upholstery
This document summarizes information about carpet flooring, including different types of fibers used, dyeing and coloring methods, sustainability considerations, durability factors, tile backing options, and installation methods for both wall-to-wall and tile carpeting. It provides details on tools and steps for installing carpeting using tackless strips or adhesive for tiles. Advantages of carpeting include being soft, insulating, and easy to clean and maintain, while disadvantages can include flattening over time and retaining odors.
The document discusses various types of soft furnishings used in homes including curtains, cushions, duvets, loose covers, tapestries, upholstery, and carpets. It describes the different materials used to make these items such as synthetic fibers, silk, cotton, and wool. The document also provides details on the various types of curtains, their construction, and care instructions. It emphasizes the importance of regularly cleaning and maintaining soft furnishings.
Floor coverings are used to provide comfort, warmth, noise reduction and finished appearance to floors. There are two main types - hard and soft coverings. Hard coverings include materials like vinyl, asphalt and wood tiles which are durable but noisy. Soft coverings include carpets and rugs which add texture, warmth and resilience while reducing noise. Selection depends on factors like durability, cost, appearance and intended use.
This document provides information about carpets and rugs as furnishing materials. It discusses different types of carpets including woven carpets like Wilton, Axminster and oriental carpets, as well as non-woven carpets like tufted, berber and bonded carpets. It also covers carpet construction, uses of carpets, selection considerations, care and cleaning methods like shampooing and bonnet cleaning.
This document discusses different types of carpets, including their materials, manufacturing processes, uses, and maintenance. Some key points covered include:
- Carpets originated in the East and are now commonly used for warmth, appearance, safety, and sound insulation. Materials include natural fibers like wool and synthetic fibers like nylon.
- Carpet selection depends on factors like cost, durability, appearance, safety properties, and comfort. Woven carpets include Wilton, Brussels, and Axminster carpets while nonwoven carpets are tufted, pile bonded, or needle punched.
- Proper carpet care involves regular vacuuming, protecting edges, and periodic deep cleaning methods like sh
This document provides information about hardwood flooring, including types of hardwood flooring, installation, maintenance, and repair. It discusses factors that affect flooring choice like cost and durability. It also describes different types of flooring materials like laminate, bamboo, cork and describes hard flooring materials like ceramic tile and stone. The document provides guidance on maintenance for hardwood floors including sweeping, cleaning and repair for moderate to heavy damage. It emphasizes the importance of regular maintenance to prevent damage over time and extending the life of hardwood floors.
This document provides information about different types of textiles used in living rooms, including curtains, throws and blankets, rugs and carpets, cushions, upholstery, and tablecloths. It describes the various materials, styles, and uses of each type of textile. Curtains come in different styles and are typically made of lighter fabrics to hang from curtain rods. Throws and blankets are used to add warmth and can instantly update a room. Rugs are smaller than carpets and may be used on floors, walls, or as decorations, while carpets are used as primary floor coverings. Cushions are stuffed bags used for seating that can have decorative covers. Upholstery
This document summarizes information about carpet flooring, including different types of fibers used, dyeing and coloring methods, sustainability considerations, durability factors, tile backing options, and installation methods for both wall-to-wall and tile carpeting. It provides details on tools and steps for installing carpeting using tackless strips or adhesive for tiles. Advantages of carpeting include being soft, insulating, and easy to clean and maintain, while disadvantages can include flattening over time and retaining odors.
The document discusses various types of soft furnishings used in homes including curtains, cushions, duvets, loose covers, tapestries, upholstery, and carpets. It describes the different materials used to make these items such as synthetic fibers, silk, cotton, and wool. The document also provides details on the various types of curtains, their construction, and care instructions. It emphasizes the importance of regularly cleaning and maintaining soft furnishings.
Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you.
Presentation on Timber flooring, faults, methods of repair, products and case study.
Floors are an important part of any building that require both functional and decorative considerations. They cover a large area and experience significant wear. Proper flooring selection depends on factors like appearance, comfort, durability, ease of maintenance, safety, and cost. Hard flooring options include concrete, marble, terrazzo, vinyl, asphalt, rubber, and linoleum. Wood floors can also be used. Regular cleaning and maintenance of floors is important. Methods include mopping, buffing, burning, scrubbing, stripping, and refinishing.
Wood floors provide many benefits over other flooring types such as carpet. They can last the lifetime of a building if refinished periodically and provide better insulation than other materials. There are several types of wood flooring including solid wood, engineered wood, and laminate floors. Solid wood floors can be refinished multiple times while laminate floors have printed photographic images and cannot be refinished. Bamboo floors are becoming increasingly popular for their light color and sustainability. Proper installation methods depend on the flooring type and location in the home.
This document provides tips for choosing the appropriate size of rug or carpet for different rooms. It discusses standard sizes for rugs and carpets, as well as tips for determining sizes for living rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, foyers and hallways. The document encourages measuring the space and accounting for furniture placement when selecting a rug or carpet. It also provides information on custom sizing and directs readers to the Knots India website and social media for more details.
Fabrics 101: Textiles, Home Decor and More with Blinds.comBlinds.com
Want to embrace your inner interior designer?
Learn what fabrics are made of and how famous patterns got their name in this presentation. We're talking weaves, fibers, designs and how to use them in your home with Blinds.com's Karin Jeske.
Karin has 20+ years experience in textile merchandising and fabric design. She is currently head of merchandising at Blinds.com.
Originally presented here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9Lepq5JXg8
The document discusses different types of carpets and rugs, including tufted fabrics like carpet and hooked rugs. It explains that tufted carpets make up 95% of carpeting due to being a fast and inexpensive process. Various terms for carpet styles are defined, such as kilim, wilton, and axminster, and how carpet density and pile height can affect its performance and durability. The document also provides information on wall-to-wall carpeting and cut pile versus loop pile carpets.
This document provides information on different types of wooden flooring. It discusses laminated, engineered, and solid wooden flooring. Laminated flooring is made of compressed fiberboard covered with a photo of wood, while engineered flooring uses two or more layers of wood. Solid flooring uses a single piece of wood. The document also covers installation methods like tongue-and-groove, click systems, and floating installations. Regular maintenance of wooden floors primarily involves sweeping, vacuuming, and using manufacturer-recommended cleaning products.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOORING - PARQUET FLOORING, LAYING OF PARQUET FLOORING, CONSTRUCTION
- JOINERY DETAILS, BOARDED SOLID FLOORS,
LAMINATE FLOORS AND INTERLOCKING RUBBER TILE FLOORING.
This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
The document discusses different types of flooring used in hotels. It begins by explaining that hotel flooring needs to be attractive, durable, easy to maintain and cost effective to withstand high traffic. Some common options discussed include carpet, laminate, vinyl, rubber, ceramic tile, glass, maple wood and terrazzo flooring. The document provides details on different types of carpets like woven, needle felts and tufted carpets. It also discusses various fiber materials used like nylon, polypropylene, wool and their properties.
This document provides information about carpet installation, including the tools and materials needed and the basic process. The key steps are: 1) preparing the subfloor by cleaning it and making it smooth; 2) laying underlayment and trimming it to size; 3) cutting the carpet to be 3 inches larger than the area and applying adhesive; 4) laying and stretching the carpet; and 5) trimming any excess carpet and tucking the edges into steel channels. Proper measuring, joining, and stretching are important to ensure a quality installation.
Wood flooring is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for use as flooring, either structural or aesthetic. Wood is a common choice as a flooring material and can come in various styles, colors, cuts, and species.
This document provides information about various bed and bath linen products, including their construction, materials, sizes, and care instructions. It discusses towels, bath rugs and mats, shower curtains, bed linen such as sheets, blankets, and mattresses. For each product, it describes the different types, sizes, fabrics used, and standards for factors like absorbency, colourfastness, flammability. The document is intended to inform fabric stylists and product designers about these textile bathroom and bedroom accessories.
Parador laminate flooring is produced in Germany to high quality standards. It has several surface textures and groove patterns to mimic different types of wood. Parador floors are durable, easy to maintain, and have numerous certifications for indoor air quality, sustainability, and low emissions. The floors are water resistant and have lifetime home warranties.
This document provides information on different types of window treatments. It classifies window treatments into two categories: stiff window treatments which include blinds, shades, shutters and screens, and soft window treatments such as curtains, drapery, valances and swags. Within each category, it describes various sub-types and provides details about their construction, materials used and functionality. It also discusses hardware items used for hanging window treatments like curtain rods, pelmets and cornices.
Fabrics serve several important roles in interior design. They protect furnishings from fading and deterioration caused by sunlight. Fabrics also provide privacy, reduce glare, and can help rooms feel cooler. For interior fabrics, properties like light fastness, stain resistance, and flame retardancy are important. Common interior fabric applications include upholstery, curtains, blinds, bedding, wall coverings, bathroom linens, and tablecloths. New fabric treatments provide benefits like stain and water repellency while remaining breathable and eco-friendly.
Soft furnishings include curtains, cushions, bedspreads, and quilts that add color, pattern and texture to interior spaces. Curtains provide privacy, reduce noise and heat loss, and come in different materials like cotton, silk, and synthetics. They are hung from rods or tracks and should be at least 1.5 times the window width. Loose covers protect upholstered furniture and come in various fabrics that can be laundered or dry cleaned. Cushions, blankets, and bedspreads provide comfort and warmth and are available in natural and synthetic materials.
This document provides an overview of different types of flooring materials, including their pros and cons. It discusses wood, laminate, cork, carpet, tile, stone, resilient, and concrete flooring. For tiles, it describes different types like vitrified, double/multi charged, full body, glazed, and digitalized tiles. The document also outlines factors to consider when choosing flooring like durability, maintenance requirements, cost, and aesthetics. It provides guidance on tile installation, including safety measures, preparation steps, and laying techniques.
This document provides an overview of various flooring options, including wood, stone, tile, concrete, carpet, and resilient flooring such as vinyl. It discusses key factors to consider for each type of flooring such as appearance, durability, maintenance needs, cost, and suitability for different rooms. The document also outlines techniques for installing wood flooring and describes methods for assessing carpet quality. A wide range of flooring materials and their typical applications are examined in detail across multiple pages.
This document provides an overview of various flooring options, including wood, stone, tile, concrete, carpet, and resilient flooring such as vinyl. It discusses key factors to consider for each type of flooring such as appearance, durability, maintenance needs, cost, and suitability for different rooms. The document also outlines tips for selecting, installing and caring for different flooring materials.
Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you.
Presentation on Timber flooring, faults, methods of repair, products and case study.
Floors are an important part of any building that require both functional and decorative considerations. They cover a large area and experience significant wear. Proper flooring selection depends on factors like appearance, comfort, durability, ease of maintenance, safety, and cost. Hard flooring options include concrete, marble, terrazzo, vinyl, asphalt, rubber, and linoleum. Wood floors can also be used. Regular cleaning and maintenance of floors is important. Methods include mopping, buffing, burning, scrubbing, stripping, and refinishing.
Wood floors provide many benefits over other flooring types such as carpet. They can last the lifetime of a building if refinished periodically and provide better insulation than other materials. There are several types of wood flooring including solid wood, engineered wood, and laminate floors. Solid wood floors can be refinished multiple times while laminate floors have printed photographic images and cannot be refinished. Bamboo floors are becoming increasingly popular for their light color and sustainability. Proper installation methods depend on the flooring type and location in the home.
This document provides tips for choosing the appropriate size of rug or carpet for different rooms. It discusses standard sizes for rugs and carpets, as well as tips for determining sizes for living rooms, bedrooms, dining rooms, foyers and hallways. The document encourages measuring the space and accounting for furniture placement when selecting a rug or carpet. It also provides information on custom sizing and directs readers to the Knots India website and social media for more details.
Fabrics 101: Textiles, Home Decor and More with Blinds.comBlinds.com
Want to embrace your inner interior designer?
Learn what fabrics are made of and how famous patterns got their name in this presentation. We're talking weaves, fibers, designs and how to use them in your home with Blinds.com's Karin Jeske.
Karin has 20+ years experience in textile merchandising and fabric design. She is currently head of merchandising at Blinds.com.
Originally presented here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b9Lepq5JXg8
The document discusses different types of carpets and rugs, including tufted fabrics like carpet and hooked rugs. It explains that tufted carpets make up 95% of carpeting due to being a fast and inexpensive process. Various terms for carpet styles are defined, such as kilim, wilton, and axminster, and how carpet density and pile height can affect its performance and durability. The document also provides information on wall-to-wall carpeting and cut pile versus loop pile carpets.
This document provides information on different types of wooden flooring. It discusses laminated, engineered, and solid wooden flooring. Laminated flooring is made of compressed fiberboard covered with a photo of wood, while engineered flooring uses two or more layers of wood. Solid flooring uses a single piece of wood. The document also covers installation methods like tongue-and-groove, click systems, and floating installations. Regular maintenance of wooden floors primarily involves sweeping, vacuuming, and using manufacturer-recommended cleaning products.
DIFFERENT TYPES OF FLOORING - PARQUET FLOORING, LAYING OF PARQUET FLOORING, CONSTRUCTION
- JOINERY DETAILS, BOARDED SOLID FLOORS,
LAMINATE FLOORS AND INTERLOCKING RUBBER TILE FLOORING.
This document discusses different types of wooden flooring materials, including their characteristics, costs, and installation methods. It covers laminate flooring, engineered wood flooring, and solid wood flooring. Laminate flooring is the most affordable starting at Rs. 250/sqm, while solid wood is the most expensive. Engineered wood provides durability between laminate and solid wood at costs of Rs. 1600-14,200/sqm. The document also outlines merits and demerits of each type and describes common installation techniques like floating, glued, and nailed. Proper acclimation and stable indoor conditions are necessary to prevent issues from temperature and humidity changes.
The document discusses different types of flooring used in hotels. It begins by explaining that hotel flooring needs to be attractive, durable, easy to maintain and cost effective to withstand high traffic. Some common options discussed include carpet, laminate, vinyl, rubber, ceramic tile, glass, maple wood and terrazzo flooring. The document provides details on different types of carpets like woven, needle felts and tufted carpets. It also discusses various fiber materials used like nylon, polypropylene, wool and their properties.
This document provides information about carpet installation, including the tools and materials needed and the basic process. The key steps are: 1) preparing the subfloor by cleaning it and making it smooth; 2) laying underlayment and trimming it to size; 3) cutting the carpet to be 3 inches larger than the area and applying adhesive; 4) laying and stretching the carpet; and 5) trimming any excess carpet and tucking the edges into steel channels. Proper measuring, joining, and stretching are important to ensure a quality installation.
Wood flooring is any product manufactured from timber that is designed for use as flooring, either structural or aesthetic. Wood is a common choice as a flooring material and can come in various styles, colors, cuts, and species.
This document provides information about various bed and bath linen products, including their construction, materials, sizes, and care instructions. It discusses towels, bath rugs and mats, shower curtains, bed linen such as sheets, blankets, and mattresses. For each product, it describes the different types, sizes, fabrics used, and standards for factors like absorbency, colourfastness, flammability. The document is intended to inform fabric stylists and product designers about these textile bathroom and bedroom accessories.
Parador laminate flooring is produced in Germany to high quality standards. It has several surface textures and groove patterns to mimic different types of wood. Parador floors are durable, easy to maintain, and have numerous certifications for indoor air quality, sustainability, and low emissions. The floors are water resistant and have lifetime home warranties.
This document provides information on different types of window treatments. It classifies window treatments into two categories: stiff window treatments which include blinds, shades, shutters and screens, and soft window treatments such as curtains, drapery, valances and swags. Within each category, it describes various sub-types and provides details about their construction, materials used and functionality. It also discusses hardware items used for hanging window treatments like curtain rods, pelmets and cornices.
Fabrics serve several important roles in interior design. They protect furnishings from fading and deterioration caused by sunlight. Fabrics also provide privacy, reduce glare, and can help rooms feel cooler. For interior fabrics, properties like light fastness, stain resistance, and flame retardancy are important. Common interior fabric applications include upholstery, curtains, blinds, bedding, wall coverings, bathroom linens, and tablecloths. New fabric treatments provide benefits like stain and water repellency while remaining breathable and eco-friendly.
Soft furnishings include curtains, cushions, bedspreads, and quilts that add color, pattern and texture to interior spaces. Curtains provide privacy, reduce noise and heat loss, and come in different materials like cotton, silk, and synthetics. They are hung from rods or tracks and should be at least 1.5 times the window width. Loose covers protect upholstered furniture and come in various fabrics that can be laundered or dry cleaned. Cushions, blankets, and bedspreads provide comfort and warmth and are available in natural and synthetic materials.
This document provides an overview of different types of flooring materials, including their pros and cons. It discusses wood, laminate, cork, carpet, tile, stone, resilient, and concrete flooring. For tiles, it describes different types like vitrified, double/multi charged, full body, glazed, and digitalized tiles. The document also outlines factors to consider when choosing flooring like durability, maintenance requirements, cost, and aesthetics. It provides guidance on tile installation, including safety measures, preparation steps, and laying techniques.
This document provides an overview of various flooring options, including wood, stone, tile, concrete, carpet, and resilient flooring such as vinyl. It discusses key factors to consider for each type of flooring such as appearance, durability, maintenance needs, cost, and suitability for different rooms. The document also outlines techniques for installing wood flooring and describes methods for assessing carpet quality. A wide range of flooring materials and their typical applications are examined in detail across multiple pages.
This document provides an overview of various flooring options, including wood, stone, tile, concrete, carpet, and resilient flooring such as vinyl. It discusses key factors to consider for each type of flooring such as appearance, durability, maintenance needs, cost, and suitability for different rooms. The document also outlines tips for selecting, installing and caring for different flooring materials.
The document discusses different types of carpets. There are two major types of carpet construction: cut pile and loop pile. Cut pile carpets have yarn tips that are cut, while loop pile carpets do not cut the yarn tips. Within these two types there are several sub-types defined by unique characteristics like fiber height, twist, or pattern. Examples include plush, textured, saxony, frieze, and berber carpets. Other types include woven, needle felted, knotted, tufted, and flat weave carpets, which differ in their construction and manufacturing processes. Carpets are used in both commercial and residential settings for purposes like insulation, decoration, and comfort.
The document provides information about draperies, wall coverings, and carpets. It defines draperies as straight panels of fabric used for window treatments. It distinguishes draperies from curtains and lists different drapery styles. It then discusses various types of wall coverings including paint, wallpaper, wood panels, fabric, and more. Finally, it covers different types of carpets including loop pile, cut pile, woven, tufted, knotted, and more. The document provides details on materials, styles, and classifications for each type of window treatment, wall covering, and carpet.
This document summarizes different types of flooring materials that are commonly used in interior design. It discusses hard flooring options like wood, stone and tile as well as softer flooring materials like carpet and resilient floor coverings. For each material, it provides details on popular varieties, common installation methods, textures, and other relevant properties. The document aims to educate interior designers on flooring selection and installation.
What kind of carpets are available, and which ones are best for you? Here is a PPT with the solutions to the questions. And after you've decided on a carpet, skilled cleaners for Carpet Cleaning Sydney are accessible.
This document discusses different types of wall finishes. It begins by defining wall finishes as enhancements given to walls to improve interior or exterior appearance. Some key structural wall finishes mentioned include tiles, wood, terracotta, marble wash and stone. The document then focuses on tile finishes, describing different types like ceramic, porcelain, glazed, glass, mosaic and natural stone tiles. It provides details on characteristics and applications of each tile type. Additionally, it covers various wood paneling options for wall finishes like shiplap, board and batten, plank, tongue and groove and bead board. Maintenance requirements are also summarized.
asmita katiyar and divya balani - market survey and an types of carpet used ...DivyaBalani7
The document discusses different types of carpets, including the most common fiber materials like nylon, polyester, polypropylene, acrylic, and wool. It describes the different styles of carpet pile like cut pile, looped pile, and cut-loop pile. It also discusses different carpet grades based on pile height, with low pile being the shortest and most durable. The majority of carpets are made from synthetic fibers like nylon, polyester, and polypropylene rather than natural fibers like wool. Nylon is generally the most durable and stain-resistant fiber.
Floors divide buildings into levels and provide support. A floor finish is a liquid that dries to a hard protective film on resilient tile floors. It protects and extends the life of floors while providing an attractive, slip-resistant surface. Good floor finishes are durable, easy to clean, noiseless, attractive, moisture-free, fire resistant, and low maintenance.
Flooring refers to any material applied over a floor structure to provide a walking surface. Common flooring materials include carpet, resilient flooring (e.g. vinyl, linoleum), wood, ceramic tile, stone, terrazzo, and seamless chemical coatings. The choice of flooring material depends on factors like cost, durability, noise insulation, comfort, and maintenance requirements. A subfloor provides structural support for the flooring material and may be finished without additional covering. Common flooring types discussed include carpet, wood, resilient, ceramic tile, marble, brick, glass, rubber, and stone flooring.
There are many types of flooring materials available in India. Hardwood flooring is made from solid wood and is durable but expensive to install and maintain. Engineered wood is more affordable but cannot be refinished as many times. Laminate, vinyl, tile, carpet and bamboo are all popular options that vary in cost, maintenance needs, and suitability for different rooms. Less common options include linoleum, concrete, terrazzo and brick flooring, which are low cost but require more care. Each type of flooring has pros and cons to consider depending on budget, intended use, and aesthetic preferences.
It is a pdf format file of carpets,
Where you will get to know about:
• Introduction of carpets
• History of carpets
• Components of carpet
• Types of carpet
• Difference between woven carpet & non woven carpet
• Different national & international manufacturers
• Devices & machines used in carpet manufacturing
• Selection of carpets
• Cleaning & maintenance of carpet
• Advantages & disadvantages of using carpets
Follow Me On Facebook: facebook.com/roysatyajit800
The document provides information on different types of floor finishes. It discusses various flooring materials including carpets and rugs, vinyl flooring, wooden flooring, stone flooring, brick flooring, and glass flooring. For each material, it outlines the types, benefits, installation process, and precautions. The key flooring materials covered are carpet, vinyl, wood, ceramic tile, stone, brick, and glass.
This document discusses various types of wall coverings and curtains that can be used in rooms. It describes different materials that can be used as wall coverings including paint, wallpaper, wood panels, glass, and metal. It also outlines different types of curtains such as cloth, glass, sash, draw, and tie curtains. Specific details are provided about the properties and uses of emulsion paints, alkyd paints, traditional wallpaper, vinyl wallpaper, wooden panels, and other wall and curtain materials.
This document provides information about different types of wood flooring and their pros and cons. It discusses unfinished hardwood, pre-finished hardwood, solid wood, and engineered wood floors. It notes that unfinished hardwood allows for easier hiding of defects but requires sanding that takes furniture removal for 5 days. Pre-finished hardwood does not require sanding but can have a "tiled" look. Engineered wood is composed of layers for stability and can be installed in more places. The document also provides tips for wood floor care and maintenance.
The document discusses various types of flooring materials including hard flooring like wood, stone and tile as well as soft flooring like carpet and resilient flooring. It provides details on different material options for flooring like concrete, wood, bamboo, laminate, linoleum and vinyl. It also discusses flooring installation and maintenance considerations as well as factors that influence material selection like cost, durability and moisture levels.
Home textiles are textile products used in households for both functional and aesthetic purposes. They include sheets, pillowcases, blankets, terry towels, table cloths, and carpets/rugs. These products are made from various natural and synthetic fabrics like cotton, polyester, linen, and wool. They serve important functions like absorbing moisture, providing warmth, decorating interior spaces, and insulating from heat and sound. Manufacturers aim to make these durable and easy to care for through properties like stain resistance, flame retardancy, and resistance to pilling and snagging.
This document discusses different types of timber flooring, including solid wood, reclaimed timber, multi-layered or engineered wood, vinyl, and laminate flooring. It provides details on the construction and characteristics of each type. Advantages include durability, ease of installation, and longevity. Disadvantages include potential noise, inability to repair damage via sanding, and imperfections in reclaimed timber. A range of costs for different flooring options is also presented.
This document outlines the first 5 steps of the design process for interior design: 1) Identify the project goals, space usage, budget, and timeline. 2) Assess client characteristics through surveys to understand lifestyle, activities, and preferences. 3) Analyze the environment by assessing the existing space, furniture, condition, and priorities. 4) Develop a preliminary budget by estimating costs of materials, furnishings, and design work. 5) Compile a design resource file with ideas from magazines, catalogs, and other sources to inform the design plan. Planning is important for good, efficient interior design.
Furniture arrangement and traffic patternsbartlettfcs
This document discusses furniture arrangement and traffic patterns in homes. It identifies the three main zones - living, sleeping, and service - and recommends separating quiet and private zones from noisy and public zones. For living zones, it recommends a primary conversation area that can seat 4-6 people and secondary seating areas. For sleeping zones, it suggests never placing a bed against a wall and including adequate storage. Service zones should have storage and allow traffic to flow to but not through the area. The document also discusses the four types of traffic patterns - service, work, family, and guest circulation - and recommends minimum clearances for major and minor traffic areas. Finally, it provides dimensions for typical furniture and fixtures to consider when designing floor plans.
Here is the floor plan with the requested updates:
Linen
closet
Bath
TEST Name: ___________________
1. Each bedroom on this plan has a window. Draw the correct window symbol in each.
2. Draw bifold doors on the closet in bedroom A.
3. Draw sliding doors on the closet in bedroom B.
4. Draw swinging doors that meet in the middle on the closet in bedroom C.
5. Draw a pocket door on the bathroom.
6. There is a wing wall on one of the bedroom closets. Circle it.
7-8. In bedroom A, draw vertical lines in the wall to show the area where
The document discusses the principles of design, specifically harmony and emphasis. It defines harmony as pleasing relationships among design elements like line, form, color, and texture. Harmony is achieved through similarity and unity. Emphasis aims to focus the viewer's attention on a specific point, like a fireplace or artwork. The document provides examples of how harmony and emphasis are demonstrated through repeated or contrasting use of design elements in interior spaces.
This document discusses managing emotions, particularly for teenagers and adults. It explains that emotions are indicators of how someone is feeling mentally and lists some common physical responses to emotions like love and hate. Teenagers experience a wide range of emotions due to hormonal changes. The document discusses positive and negative ways of expressing emotions and provides strategies for responding to emotions in a healthy manner. It identifies six basic emotions and defense mechanisms people use to avoid difficult emotions. Finally, it offers tips for managing specific difficult emotions like fear, guilt, and anger in a positive way.
The document discusses the principles of design, focusing on balance. It explains that balance is the resolution of interacting forces or weights in a visually pleasing arrangement. There are three main types of balance: symmetrical, where both sides are mirror images; asymmetrical, where visual weights are equal but elements differ; and radial, where furnishings are arranged in a circular manner. Balance in a room is always changing based on lighting, placement of objects, and other factors.
This document discusses the principle of rhythm in design. It defines rhythm as continuous, recurrent, or organized movement that allows for underlying unity and variety in a design. The document explains that rhythm can be created in five ways: by repetition, gradation, transition, opposition, and radiation. Each type of rhythm is then described in more detail with examples. The key point is that rhythm creates movement in the eyes as they flow across an object or space in an organized way. Readers are assigned a project to find examples that illustrate each type of rhythm.
The document discusses principles of design, including proportion/scale. It explains that proportion refers to the size relationships within an object or design, including the relationship between parts and the whole. The Golden Mean, or ratio of 1:1.618, is discussed as the most visually pleasing division that has applications in interior design for things like window treatments and furniture placement. The Two-Thirds Rule is also covered as it relates to the Golden Mean and creating a focal point by dividing a space into thirds. Scale is defined in relation to proportion, referring to how an object's size relates to humans or other objects. Examples are provided to demonstrate proper scale.
The document discusses goal setting and provides information on different types of goals, how to write SMART goals, and tips for achieving goals. It distinguishes between short-term and long-term goals. Short-term goals can be achieved quickly and help accomplish long-term goals, which may take months or years. It also outlines seven common goal areas and the components of SMART goals: specific, measurable, attainable, results-oriented, and time-bound. Additional tips include making goals realistic, prioritizing, and ensuring one has the necessary resources to achieve them. Building short-term goals that support long-term goals and maintaining a positive mindset are emphasized as important aspects of goal setting.
The document discusses values and what they are. It states that values are qualities or ideas that people feel strongly about and that give meaning and purpose to life. Values guide decisions and behavior. They come from many influences throughout life, especially from parents, teachers, peers, and personal experiences as one ages. The document outlines different types of values like moral, aesthetic, material, intrinsic, extrinsic, universal, and group-specific values. Living according to one's values is important for achieving goals.
American Family - Chapter 6, Healthy Weight Managementbartlettfcs
Three feelings a person might have about their body's appearance are: 1) dissatisfaction, 2) confidence, and 3) indifference. Factors that influence these feelings include: 1) media images, 2) comments from others, and 3) personal health issues. Maintaining a healthy weight involves balancing calorie intake with calories burned through physical activity and exercise. Unhealthy weight loss strategies like fad diets, fasting, and diet pills can be dangerous and cause nutritional deficiencies or other health issues. Eating disorders are serious conditions that require treatment.
This document provides information about the elements of color, including the color wheel, primary colors, secondary colors, tertiary colors, complementary colors, warm and cool colors, and how color impacts the perception of space. It discusses how color is created through light and defines key color terminology. The document explores the physiological and psychological effects of different colors and provides examples of common color schemes.
Texture is one of the four elements of design along with line, form, and color. There are two types of texture - tactile texture that can be felt and visual texture that can only be seen. Texture can communicate different feelings in a room and affect the visual size and color of a space. Both natural and applied textures should be considered when designing interior spaces. Students are assigned a project to collect and display tactile texture samples from around their home.
The document discusses the four elements of design: line, form, color, and texture. It describes form as three-dimensional and identifies four types of form: realistic, abstract, geometric, and free form. Guidelines for using form effectively include ensuring form follows function and that related forms within a space are more harmonious than unrelated forms. The document provides examples to illustrate these guidelines.
The document discusses the four basic types of lines used in design: horizontal, vertical, diagonal, and curved. It provides examples and descriptions of each line type, including how they are derived from nature and the feelings and visual effects they can convey. For example, horizontal lines suggest stability while diagonal lines imply movement. The document also covers combinations of line types and provides exercises for students to identify line elements in objects and decorating materials.
The document discusses nutrition and its importance for health, especially for teens. It covers the six essential nutrients - carbohydrates, proteins, fats, cholesterol, vitamins, and minerals. Carbohydrates and proteins provide energy, while fats also supply energy and aid in vitamin transport. Nutrients are obtained from foods and beverages should be chosen to obtain benefits but limit calories. Making wise choices influences long term health and disease prevention.
Human Development II - Guidance Problemsbartlettfcs
This document discusses common causes of behavioral problems in young children and effective ways to deal with them. Environmental causes include overstimulation, disruptions to routine, noise, and long waiting times. Personal experiences that can cause problems are frustration, physical issues, stress, and family stressors. Prolonged stress can negatively impact brain development. The document outlines specific behavioral issues like negativism, stealing, anger, biting, tattling, body exploration, thumbsucking, and fears. It provides guidance on how to address each problem, emphasizing understanding the child's perspective, preventing misbehavior, and helping the child develop coping skills.
This document compares and contrasts the advantages and disadvantages of renting versus buying housing. It provides details on the initial and ongoing costs associated with both renting and buying. Some key points include:
- Renting has predictable costs but limited control, while buying provides more freedom and can be an investment but has higher upfront and maintenance costs.
- Initial renting costs include application fees, deposits, and moving expenses. Ongoing costs are monthly rent and renter's insurance.
- Buying requires down payments, inspections, closing fees and moving costs initially. Mortgage payments, property taxes, insurance and maintenance are ongoing costs.
- Careful financial analysis of income versus expenses is needed to determine afford
This document provides an overview of guidance skills for children, including direct and indirect guidance techniques. It discusses the goals of guidance as maintaining self-esteem, promoting appropriate behavior, and teaching self-control and prosocial skills. Effective guidance involves suggestions rather than commands, encouragement, open-ended questions, modeling behaviors, and being nurturing. Specific guidance techniques covered include positive reinforcement, consequences, warnings, time-outs, I-messages, praise, suggestions, prompting, redirecting, modeling, listening, ignoring, and encouraging. The goal is to effectively guide children's behavior while promoting a positive self-concept.
Human Development 2 - Observing Childrenbartlettfcs
This document discusses assessment and observation tools used to evaluate child development. It explains that assessment involves observing and documenting children's behavior and growth over time in natural settings, rather than through evaluations. Assessment is used to identify learning styles, problems, special needs, developmental levels, and to evaluate programs. Both initial and ongoing assessment are important. Formal assessments use controlled conditions while informal assessments observe children in natural environments. Anecdotal records, checklists, participation charts, rating scales, collecting work samples, video, photos, and portfolios are discussed as assessment tools.
Company Valuation webinar series - Tuesday, 4 June 2024FelixPerez547899
This session provided an update as to the latest valuation data in the UK and then delved into a discussion on the upcoming election and the impacts on valuation. We finished, as always with a Q&A
Building Your Employer Brand with Social MediaLuanWise
Presented at The Global HR Summit, 6th June 2024
In this keynote, Luan Wise will provide invaluable insights to elevate your employer brand on social media platforms including LinkedIn, Facebook, Instagram, X (formerly Twitter) and TikTok. You'll learn how compelling content can authentically showcase your company culture, values, and employee experiences to support your talent acquisition and retention objectives. Additionally, you'll understand the power of employee advocacy to amplify reach and engagement – helping to position your organization as an employer of choice in today's competitive talent landscape.
Best practices for project execution and deliveryCLIVE MINCHIN
A select set of project management best practices to keep your project on-track, on-cost and aligned to scope. Many firms have don't have the necessary skills, diligence, methods and oversight of their projects; this leads to slippage, higher costs and longer timeframes. Often firms have a history of projects that simply failed to move the needle. These best practices will help your firm avoid these pitfalls but they require fortitude to apply.
B2B payments are rapidly changing. Find out the 5 key questions you need to be asking yourself to be sure you are mastering B2B payments today. Learn more at www.BlueSnap.com.
Structural Design Process: Step-by-Step Guide for BuildingsChandresh Chudasama
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The Evolution and Impact of OTT Platforms: A Deep Dive into the Future of Ent...ABHILASH DUTTA
This presentation provides a thorough examination of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms, focusing on their development and substantial influence on the entertainment industry, with a particular emphasis on the Indian market.We begin with an introduction to OTT platforms, defining them as streaming services that deliver content directly over the internet, bypassing traditional broadcast channels. These platforms offer a variety of content, including movies, TV shows, and original productions, allowing users to access content on-demand across multiple devices.The historical context covers the early days of streaming, starting with Netflix's inception in 1997 as a DVD rental service and its transition to streaming in 2007. The presentation also highlights India's television journey, from the launch of Doordarshan in 1959 to the introduction of Direct-to-Home (DTH) satellite television in 2000, which expanded viewing choices and set the stage for the rise of OTT platforms like Big Flix, Ditto TV, Sony LIV, Hotstar, and Netflix. The business models of OTT platforms are explored in detail. Subscription Video on Demand (SVOD) models, exemplified by Netflix and Amazon Prime Video, offer unlimited content access for a monthly fee. Transactional Video on Demand (TVOD) models, like iTunes and Sky Box Office, allow users to pay for individual pieces of content. Advertising-Based Video on Demand (AVOD) models, such as YouTube and Facebook Watch, provide free content supported by advertisements. Hybrid models combine elements of SVOD and AVOD, offering flexibility to cater to diverse audience preferences.
Content acquisition strategies are also discussed, highlighting the dual approach of purchasing broadcasting rights for existing films and TV shows and investing in original content production. This section underscores the importance of a robust content library in attracting and retaining subscribers.The presentation addresses the challenges faced by OTT platforms, including the unpredictability of content acquisition and audience preferences. It emphasizes the difficulty of balancing content investment with returns in a competitive market, the high costs associated with marketing, and the need for continuous innovation and adaptation to stay relevant.
The impact of OTT platforms on the Bollywood film industry is significant. The competition for viewers has led to a decrease in cinema ticket sales, affecting the revenue of Bollywood films that traditionally rely on theatrical releases. Additionally, OTT platforms now pay less for film rights due to the uncertain success of films in cinemas.
Looking ahead, the future of OTT in India appears promising. The market is expected to grow by 20% annually, reaching a value of ₹1200 billion by the end of the decade. The increasing availability of affordable smartphones and internet access will drive this growth, making OTT platforms a primary source of entertainment for many viewers.
Navigating the world of forex trading can be challenging, especially for beginners. To help you make an informed decision, we have comprehensively compared the best forex brokers in India for 2024. This article, reviewed by Top Forex Brokers Review, will cover featured award winners, the best forex brokers, featured offers, the best copy trading platforms, the best forex brokers for beginners, the best MetaTrader brokers, and recently updated reviews. We will focus on FP Markets, Black Bull, EightCap, IC Markets, and Octa.
Implicitly or explicitly all competing businesses employ a strategy to select a mix
of marketing resources. Formulating such competitive strategies fundamentally
involves recognizing relationships between elements of the marketing mix (e.g.,
price and product quality), as well as assessing competitive and market conditions
(i.e., industry structure in the language of economics).
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Understanding User Needs and Satisfying ThemAggregage
https://www.productmanagementtoday.com/frs/26903918/understanding-user-needs-and-satisfying-them
We know we want to create products which our customers find to be valuable. Whether we label it as customer-centric or product-led depends on how long we've been doing product management. There are three challenges we face when doing this. The obvious challenge is figuring out what our users need; the non-obvious challenges are in creating a shared understanding of those needs and in sensing if what we're doing is meeting those needs.
In this webinar, we won't focus on the research methods for discovering user-needs. We will focus on synthesis of the needs we discover, communication and alignment tools, and how we operationalize addressing those needs.
Industry expert Scott Sehlhorst will:
• Introduce a taxonomy for user goals with real world examples
• Present the Onion Diagram, a tool for contextualizing task-level goals
• Illustrate how customer journey maps capture activity-level and task-level goals
• Demonstrate the best approach to selection and prioritization of user-goals to address
• Highlight the crucial benchmarks, observable changes, in ensuring fulfillment of customer needs
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2. Floors are often the most
expensive or most permanent
backgrounds of the room, so plan
your interior decoration around
these first.
3. Pros:
Carpet adds warmth and comfort.
Comfortable underfoot.
Adds warmth and texture to the décor.
Least expensive of all flooring options.
Stain-fighting fibers improve practicality
for kitchen use.
Cons:
Absorbs excess moisture.
Some stains may be hard to remove.
Carpeting can be installed wall-to-wall,
or may be an area rug that has finished
edges and is not attached to the floor.
4. When choosing the carpet for your
home it is as important to consider the
quality as it is the style and color.
When judging the construction and
durability of carpet it is important to
consider the type of fiber, the yarn twist
and the pile density. (while cotton is
used for small throw rugs, it is generally
not durable enough for carpets)
Nylon – Nylon is a synthetic fiber
and is known for it’s strength
and abrasion resistance. Over
half of all carpets sold in
America are nylon.
Wool – This is an expensive,
resilient fiber shorn from
sheep. It is a natural fiber
and is very easy to clean. It
is soft and warm, but prone
to high static.
Olefin (Polypropylene) –
This is an inexpensive very
abrasive-resistance fiber but
has less resiliency and
limited in color range.
Polyester – This is a fiber that
is naturally stain resistant
because it has no dye sites,
however, it is not as durable as
nylon. Known for color clarity.
It is very soft.
Acrylic - Acrylic carpet fiber
offers the appearance and
feel of wool without the
cost. Acrylic carpet fiber
has a low static level and is
moisture and mildew
resistant.
5. Twist refers to the number of times
that the individual fibers are twisted
per linear inch, and can be judged
by looking at those fibers closely
and comparing.
The tighter the twist
the better the carpet
will retain its
appearance. Twist
should be easy to see
with tight and well-
defined tufts rather
than those that are
loose and flared open
at the tips. Carpets that
are “heat set” are best,
as it gives the carpet
memory, stabilizes the
yarn, and retains twist
the longest.
6. You can compare density by
bending carpet samples as
they would be bent over a
stair tread. Then look into
the pile. The higher density
carpet will show more pile
fiber and less of the backing
material. A high density
carpet will make it difficult
to feel the backing.
Dense carpet packs more
fiber into the pile so that it
wears longer, resists
crushing and matting better
and retains its texture
longer in heavy use. Dense
carpet also helps resist
stains and dirt by keeping
them on the surface of the
pile where they're more
easily cleaned away.
Pile density refers to the amount of fiber
used in the construction of the carpet and
is a combination of how closely the fibers
are tufted together and their pile
height. Face weight, the numeric
expression that refers to the number of
ounces of the pile fiber in a square yard
of carpet, is also a good indication of the
quality of a carpet.
7. Velvet
Sometimes referred to as
a "plush", velvets are
smooth finished carpets
with a rich, velvety look.
They are an extra dense,
cut pile with a luxurious
look and color.They are
most suited, although not
exclusively, to formal
areas such as living
rooms, and dining rooms.
8. Saxony
Versatile beauty in cut pile.
Not as formal as velvets, but
easier to live with. The degree
to which each individual tuft
is visible in the pile creates a
wide range of subtly different
appeals. This texture is often
called "trackless", and it is the
most popular style in today's
carpet market. It offers a solid
color surface like a velvet, but
with a rougher finish that
helps to minimize sweeper
marks and footprints.
9. Textured Saxony
The most casual and rugged of
cut pile carpets. Tightly
twisted yarns curl back on
themselves, creating a
distinctive nubby, loose and
shaggy, or pebbled texture
look. They might be referred to
as a shag carpet; some with
very tight twist are called
Freizé (pronounced "free-
zay”). The twist level provides
durability, while the looser pile
provides comfort.
10. Berbers / Sisals
The visibility of each loop
and the way light reflects
from the surface give level
loop carpets a charming
appeal that blends well with
any decor.
The looped construction
offers exceptional durability,
and a unique look.
Many berbers are patterned,
using high and low loops,
which can give an embossed
look not available with most
other textures.
11. Cut And Loop
These carpets are often
called "sculptured", because
of the pattern formed in the
face of the carpet by the
looped areas. Cut and loops
provide a casual setting, and
are usually found in family
rooms and rec-rooms. In
solid colors, their subtle
shading creates a unique
style of multi-toned beauty.
They are sometimes referred
to as “traceries”.
12. Bonded Urethane - Made by grinding flexible polyurethane foam into
small particles and bonding them together with a chemical adhesive. The
quality is measured by the foam density, or weight of the material per
cubic foot. Bonded cushion is commonly called "rebound“.
Prime Urethane - Manufactured in chemical mixing and reaction
processes. The quality is measured by the foam density, or weight of the
material per cubic foot.
Sponge Rubber - There are two common variants of sponge rubber
cushion: Flat sponge cushion generally offers a firm feel, while rippled
sponge provides a softer feel. The quality of sponge rubber cushion is
measured by its weight in ounces per square yard.
Fiber - There are three common types of fiber cushion, natural fiber (such
as hair or jute), synthetic fiber (made of nylon, polypropylene etc.), and
resinated textile fiber (made of recycled textiles). The quality of fiber
cushion is measured by its weight in ounces per square yard. Fiber
cushion is commonly called "felt“.
Installed under the carpet, this cushioning
makes your carpet feel better by absorbing
foot traffic pressure for a softer walk. It
improves insulation, increases the efficiency
of vacuuming, reduces noise, and maximizes
durability.
13. Vinyl flooring (or resilient flooring) began
as linoleum and has been a very popular
choice over the years. In the last several
years, there have been huge
improvements in durability and styling.
Pros:
Relatively inexpensive.
Soft and quiet underfoot.
Easy to clean and maintain
Durable (higher-quality grades).
Available in a wide range of
colors, patterns, and sizes.
Stain resistant.
Damage relatively easy to
repair
Available in tiles or planks or
rolls
Cons:
May show wear after about five
years (lower-quality grades)
Cushioned vinyl may be cut
easily by small rocks, etc.
14. Pros:
Hardwoods are the most durable,
versatile, and resistant to wear.
Comfortable underfoot.
Parquet floors are those installed
in a pattern or 3D effect.
Appear warm and luxurious.
Cons:
Must be sealed well and
maintained to resist spills,
scratches, chemicals and wear.
Refinishing worn floors is
difficult, requiring sanding, re-
staining, and refinishing
Floors may expand or contract or
finishes crack with variations in
temperature and humidity.
15. The type of wood and the stain
offer a variety of wood grains
and colors.
16. Pros:
Virtually stainproof and fade-resistant.
Easy to clean and maintain -- never
needs waxing.
Economical, priced only slightly
higher than quality vinyl.
Available in wood grains and patterns
that mimic tile, stone, and other
materials
Forgiving of uneven base surfaces
Resists indentations, stains, heat,
fading, and surface moisture.
Cons:
Wood portion of flooring susceptible
to damage from excess moisture. May
appear to be “fake” wood or stone.
The top layer includes a decorative paper
layer with the design on it and coating
over it. Almost all laminates are installed
as floating floors, meaning that the
laminate planks or tiles are attached to
each other, but not to the sub-floor.
MANY COUNTERTOP MATERIALS
ARE ALSO LAMINATES
17. Pros:
Ceramic tile gives you
unlimited pattern
possibilities.
Durable and easy to maintain
Many shapes, sizes, textures,
and colors
Glazed tiles are impervious to
moisture and stains
Cons:
Relatively expensive,
especially if new subflooring
is needed
Requires monthly cleaning
with an oil-base detergent to
resist stains (unglazed tiles)
Relatively noisy, cold, and
hard underfoot
May show surface wear in
high-traffic areas (glazed tiles)
Chips easily if hard items are
dropped on it
18. Pros:
Stone floors are elegant and
durable.
The hardest stones (granite and
marble) are most durable.
Easy to clean if sealed.
Comes in polished or honed
(matte) or textured surfaces.
Cons:
Expensive
Requires frequent resealing.
Needs regular waxing and
polishing to maintain sheen.
Can be highly reactive to acidic
solutions such as vinegar or
orange juice, so use caution in
where you put it.
Hard to stand or walk on for long
periods.
Sandstone, limestone (travertine),
marble, slate, granite, and the
man-made stones terrazo and
terra-cotta are suitable for floors.
19. Pros:
Cork tiles are
inexpensive, soft,
warm, and quiet
underfoot.
Non-allergenic.
Unique.
Cons:
They do have limited
durability. They are
susceptible to water
damage and gouging.
Comes in very few
color and style
choices.
Originates from a layer of tree
bark, found in greatest quantities
on a cork oak tree that grows
near the Mediterranean Sea
20. Pros:
Rubber tiles are durable and
hard-wearing.
Come in a range of patterns
and colors to complement
contemporary kitchen styles
or home gyms.
Often used commercially.
Provides cushion for your
step, slip resistance, and
sound absorption.
Cons:
They require periodic
polishing to maintain their
sheen.
Susceptible to stains, cuts,
and gouges.
Some textures present
cleaning challenges.
Naturally derived from a rubber
tree, but synthetically is a
petroleum product.
21. Pros:
Concrete is extremely
durable and easy to
clean.
Comes in the standard
gray and colors.
Cons:
Will look worn and dull
if not sealed and
waxed.
No sound absorption.
Cold and hard to walk
on.
A solution made with water, acid
and inorganic salts reacts with
minerals already present in the
concrete to create the color
effects. It can be applied to both
interiors and exteriors. The results
are a mottled, variegated, marble-
like look.
22. Once the floor covering has been
decided on, plan the wall coverings.
Suppose you are a prospective buyer,
and the current owners have already
moved out. They have left empty
rooms. Do the floors and walls go
together without benefit of other
furnishings?
23. Drywall compound can be used to apply
textures to ceilings or walls. They can be
sprayed, brushed, or spread with a
trowel to create a variety of effects.
They add interest, provide some
acoustical advantages, and hide minor
imperfections. They may be difficult to
paint, and are difficult to remove.
Popcorn
Knock Down
Stomp
Orange Peel
24. Painting is probably the most common wall
covering because it is: fairly temporary, least
expensive, and least labor intensive.
Stenciling is using a pattern to
transfer a design onto the wall
drawing or painting through the
cutout areas of the design
template.
Faux finishing “fakes” expensive
surfaces such as marble, by
using sponges, combs, etc.
Before painting, walls must
be prepared. They must be
washed and cracks or nail
holes filled. A primer is a
sealant that makes
surfaces non-porous,
keeps out humidity, and
may cover stains.
25. There are two main types of
paint…
Solvent-based Paint
May be oil or alkyd (synthetic
resin-based
Sometimes called “enamel paint”
Provides a durable and washable
surface
Brushes must be cleaned in a
solvent such as mineral spirits
Latex Paint
Is water-based and quick-drying.
Environmentally safe.
Quick water cleanup of brushes.
May not adhere to some surfaces.
Not as durable as solvent-based.
Paints are available in various finishes: gloss (easiest to clean), semi-gloss,
satin or eggshell, flat (dull, but most formal looking), and textured (adds interest
but difficult to clean or remove).
26. Decorative papers have been
used to cover walls since the
16th century in Europe.
Though wallpaper is an easy
and inexpensive way to add
color, texture, and style to a
room, wallpaper is
somewhat vulnerable to
damage because of the
nature of the material and
method of application.
Walls must be carefully
prepared before applying
paper. Some paper needs to
be pasted; most is pre-
pasted and just needs water.
Strippable paper means it
can be removed without
having to score, steam, or
scrape it off.
27. Consider the elements and principles
of design carefully when choosing
wallpaper patterns.
Foil papers can make small rooms appear
larger. Heavily embossed or flocked
papers with raised surfaces can create a
formal effect. Vinyl and coated papers are
washable, so make cleaning easier.
28. Chair rails and wainscoting were originally added to
plaster walls to protect them from damage to chairs.
Today, there are primarily for decoration, applied to the
lower 1/3 of the wall.
Crown moldings are a wide trim board
attached at the top of the wall next to the
ceiling. Whether ornate or simple, they
add a “finished” or elegant touch.
Baseboard, window, and door
moldings hide breaks between
surfaces and prevent damage to
wall areas and keep dirt out of
cracks. They provide a finishing
touch.
29. Solid wood paneling adds a warmth and richness to a room. It is
attractive but costly. Cherry, mahogany, oak, pine, and walnut are
popular woods for paneling.
Manufactured
wood paneling has
a wood veneer
(thin overlay) top
over a backing
material, and
laminated plastic
paneling is printed
in wood grain or
other patterns.
Both are more
economical and
finished to protect
them from stains
and moisture, but
are less attractive.
30. A ceramic tile is a mixture of clays
which is shaped and fired at high
temperatures. The hard slab that
results from this process can be glazed
or decorated or remain unglazed.
Advantages of glazed tiles: unlimited
color range and superior stain
resistance.
Advantages of unglazed tiles are: wear
resistance and added slip resistance as
compared to glazed ceramic tile.
The grout or adhesive filler
between the tiles may present a
cleaning challenge after time, or
may crumble and allow water to
seep under the tile.
Wall tiles are not usually as
durable as ceramic floor tiles.
31. Fabrics can be applied to walls to
give unique textures, colors, and
patterns. They can be attached with
glue, tacks, or double-faced tapes.
Fabrics can be repeated on windows
upholstery, or accessories.
Grasscloth, burlap, or even carpeting
have been popular on walls. The
fabric needs to be thick enough to
prevent glue from showing through.
It must also be resistant to stains,
fading, mildew, and shrinking.
Cleaning can be a challenge.
32. Mirrors can be used to
cover an entire wall or
smaller area. They make
a room look larger.
Large mirrors or mirror
tiles can be used.
Distortion-free glass
should be used in large
mirrors.
They are expensive, but
give a dramatic effect.
Make sure the view
reflected is appropriate.
Mirrors can be clear,
smoked, or patterned.
Maintenance is easy, but
needs to be done
frequently.
33. Windows are the least permanent of
the three backgrounds, although not
necessarily the least expensive or
permanent. Homeowners may even
remove them when they move out. The
floors, walls, and windows should all
“go together” without the benefit of
other furnishings in the room.
34. Bay window: A composite of
three or more windows, usually
made up of a large center unit and
two flanking units at 30°, 45° or 90°
angles to the wall.
Bow window:
A composite of
four or more
window units in
a radial or bow
formation.
Curtains should be hung to the
stool/sill, to the apron, halfway
between the apron and the floor, to
the floor, or puddled on the floor for
a very romantic look.
35. Curtains are usually unlined fabric or lace.
They are hung or shirred (gathered) onto a
rod, and offer a variety in colors, patterns,
and textures. They are considered informal.Curtains may be sheer
(transparent), semi-sheer
(diffuse light and view), or
opaque. Sheer curtains are
sometimes used as an
under-curtain, behind
draperies.
Café Curtains
Usually hung on rings that
slide along a rod. They cover
only the lower half of the
window.
Scarf treatments are softly
draped and free flowing.
Austrian Curtain
Panel has shirred
pouf design
36. Tie Back Curtains are
drawn back to the side and
held with a sash or cord.
Priscilla Curtains are
tie back curtains,
edged with ruffles.
Long curtain
“panels” with tab
tops
Short window
“tiers”, often
hung on the top
and bottom or as
shown here with
a valance.
Rod-pocket curtains have a
casing and are shirred onto a
rod; should start out being 2
times the rod width. 3 times
the width for sheer curtains.
37. A Valance is a top window treatment that can stand
alone or be mounted over curtains or draperies.
Swag at the center with
Cascades down the side Scarf valance
Blouson or balloon
valance, sometimes
stuffed with tissue
paper for fullness
Shaped Valance
Tailored Valance with a
Jabot (center ruffle or
drape) Cornice Valance
38. Draperies are traditionally a more formal window treatment.
They are pinch-pleated and hung from a transverse rod that
allows them to be opened and closed by pulling on a cord.
They are often lined or made of a heavier fabric.
39. Pleated and Cellular
Shades (two pieces of
fabric with air space
between)
Roman Shades
raise in folds
Roller Shade (least expensive)
Balloon Shade
Woven Wood Shades
Shades can be used alone or
in combination with other
window treatments. They were
designed to filter or block the
sun and cold air.
40. Wood Blinds
Vertical
Blinds
Vinyl
Blinds
Blinds are made of a series of
evenly spaced slats that can
opened and closed. They provide
privacy and control over sunlight
allowed into the room. Blinds are
more difficult to clean than some
other window treatments.
41. Shutters control privacy, the
degree of sunlight in the room,
and even temperature.
Shutters have crosswise slats
called louvers, which vary in
width. Some use a fabric
insert instead of louvers. They
can be painted or stained.
43. Name: _____________________ Due Date: __________________
Attach samples with double-sided tape; fill box if possible.
Add additional samples to back of sheet, only if desired.
Floor Covering
DraperyWall Covering
Adjoining Bath
Flooring
Adjoining Bath
Countertop
Find samples as
indicated… for a
master bedroom
and adjoining
bath.
Color Scheme:
_______________
44. Find samples
of
backgrounds
as indicated…
for a kitchen.
Color Scheme:
____________
Floor Covering Countertop
Wall Paper Paint or Curtain
Name: _____________________ Due Date: __________________
Attach samples with double-sided tape; fill box if possible
Add additional samples to back of sheet, only if desired.
45. Find samples
of
backgrounds
as indicated…
for a living
room.
Color Scheme:
____________
Floor Covering Drapery alone or drapery and under-curtain
Attach picture of window treatment to this
sheet
Wall Covering Upholstery
Name: _____________________ Due Date: __________________
Attach samples with double-sided tape; fill box if possible
Add additional samples to back of sheet, only if desired.