Please contact at anisha13naidu@gmail.com for the ppt and I will send it to you. Presentation on Timber flooring, faults, methods of repair, products and case study.

1. WOODEN FL OORS
AND REPAIRS
BY,
Anisha Naidu
Eshita Jaiswal
BUILDING CONSTRUCTION-V

2. TIMBER FLOOR
Simply as the name suggests,
The flooring made of timber are known as Timber floors.

3. TIMBER FLOORING TYPES
• Basement or Ground floor of timber.
• Single Joist timber beam.
• Double Joist timber beam.
• Framed triple joist timber floor.

4. Basement / ground f loor of tim ber
•Auditorium – dances and dramas.
•Constructed on Ground Floors
G.L
.
wall
D.P.C.
F.L
.
Bridging joists
Floor Boards
Sleeper wall
Wall plates
10 to 15 mm Cement course
1.2 to 1.8m
Filling of selected earth
1

5. Precautions
• Soil below timber floor – covered with PCC 1:2:4 (100 to 150
mm thk).
• DPC – exterior wall + top of the sleeper wall.
• Well seasoned timber is used.
• Hollow space between bottom of concrete and floor level is filled
up with selected earth.
These floors are subject to DRY ROT unless adequate precautions
are taken.

6. 2SINGLE JOIST TIMBERFLOOR
S
Span(below3m)
c
a b
Joist
PLA
N
Strutting
Consists of single joists
placed below floor boards

7. DETAIL AT C’
Wall
Wall plate Ceiling
Floor boards
Joist
Air space

8. Section on ab
Floor boards
300 – 400 mm
Herring bone strutting
Wedges
Joist

9. Single joists placed at 300mm -450mm C/C

10. DOUBLE JOIST TIMBERFLOOR
S 3
Bridging joist
@ 300 mm c/c
1.8m to 2.4m
Binders
PLA
N
300mm
3.6to7.5m
Intermediate supports(binders) provided for bridging joists.

11. M ETHODS OF FIX IN GBI N D ERSW ITH JOIST
S
BindersCogged
Joint
Fillet
Floor boards
Notched joint
Bridging Joist Bridging Joist

12. D I S A D VA N TA G E S
The weight of the floor is
thrown on the few points on
the wall.
Depth of the floor is increased by use
of binders and accordingly, the height
of the room is decreased.
Bridging Joist
Binders

13. FRAME D OR TR IPLE J OI ST TI M BE R FLOO R S 4
Binders
Girders
PLA
N
Morethan7.5m
Bridging joist
3m

14. Girders
D E TAI L S O F F R AM E D T I M B E R F LO O R
S
Binder Binder
Floor boards
Bridging joists
Furring piece
Ceiling
Tusk and tenon joint
Ceiling joist

15. SINGLE JOIST Double joist Triple joist (framed)
Bridgingjoist
1.8mto2.4m
Binders
3.6 to 7.5m
Binder
Girder
More than 7.5m
Bridgingjoist
Joist
Strutting
Below 3 m
SPANS

16. FLOOR BOARDS :
• @ top of the bridging joist
• Width : 100 – 200mm
• Thk : 20 – 40mm
• When subjected to heavy
traffic - thk: 60- 80mm
Pugging:
• In order to make timber floor sound proof.
• Pugging plaster – mixture of chopped
straw & mortar.
• Insulated boards are supported on fillets.
Floor ceiling
:
• Underside of the floor, improve
appearance.
• Plaster boards, asbestos cement sheets.
• Rest on the bridging joists / binders.
Bridging joists
Fillet
s Insulating boards

17. Source : BORDERS UNDERFLOOR HEATING

18. Tongue and groove is a
method of fitting
similar objects
together, edge to edge,
used mainly with
wood, in flooring

19. REPAIRS

20. METHOD 1 : REPLACEMENT
The interlocking design
of tongue-and-groove
boards means that it is
necessary to cut
through the board joints
to release them from
their position.
A circular saw is ideal
for this purpose.

21. 4. Reposition the board in place.
1. Run the saw down the entire
length of the board on each side of
the damaged area where possible.
2. Pry out the damaged board using a pry bar.
3. Remove the tongue from the new
board, using a sharp chisel.

22. CUTTING AND
REPLACING

23. METHOD 2 : CUTTING ACROSS THE
GRAIN
An alternative way to cut the damaged board is
to cut it across the grain, along a joist. In this way
a smaller section of board can be removed.
For an exposed floor these would have to be
disguised with an appropriate filler.

24. METHOD 3 : REPLACING
CHIPBOARD FLOORBOARDS
Replacing a section of chipboard floor is similar
to replacing tongue-and-groove boards. A
circular saw is the best tool to use.
Any superficial damage caused to other boards is
not important, since the floor will be covered.

25. METHOD 4 : REPLACING OLD
SQUARE-EDGED BROKEN BOARDS
It is simpler to replace
square-edged boards
than tongue-and-
groove boards, since
they do not have
interlocking edges.

26. 4. Use damaged section as template to cut
new piece.
1. Lever up broken board using pry
bar.
2. Place wood offcuts underneath board
to secure.
3. Saw along pencil lines to remove
damaged section.

27. METHOD 5 : MATCHING BOARD
DIMENSIONS
It may be difficult to buy replacement boards with
matching dimensions.
If the new boards are too wide, reduce the width
with a power plane.
If an exact depth match is not possible, buy boards
that are slightly less deep than the desired depth.
Position pieces of hardboard on the joists below to
level the boards.

28. METHOD 6 : SECURING LOOSE
BOARDS
Loose or creaking
boards are a common
problem, particularly in
older buildings, but
they are
straightforward to fix.
1. Drill pilot hole through loose board into
joist.

29. 2. Hammer nail into hole of exposed
floor.
3. Use nail set to drive nail heads below
surface.

30. METHOD 7 : FILLING GAPS
BETWEEN BOARDS
Gaps between boards
look unsightly and can
cause drafts. This is not
normally a problem with
tongue-and-groove
boards.
For square-edged
boards, large gaps
should be filled. 1. Cut strip of wood to fit gap in wood floor.

31. 2. Insert wood strip into gap between
boards.
3. Use block plane to remove excess wood
to smooth.

32. SEVERE DAMAGES-
CAUSES AND REPAIRS

33. BUCKING OF FLOOR
BOARDS
• Due to leaks or high
moisture
• Buckling can occur
when moisture
increases in the
building
• Repair: by trimming
or replacing with
clearance
The wood floor was installed without adequate
clearance around its perimeter

34. CUPPED WOOD FLOORING
• A board swells on its side
that is most moist.
• We find this condition in
homes with finished wood
flooring installed over a
damp or wet basement or
crawl space.
• Repair: controlling
moisture contend and
leaving it alone to recover
• If not, replacing it.
Photo the finish floor boards seem to be
cupped "up" - suggesting that this floor
has been wet from above

35. GAPS BETWEEN WOOD FLOOR
BOARDS
• Common underlying cause
is a moisture problem.
• REPAIR: Do not rush to fill
in gaps like this in wooden
floors. As width of
individual boards increases
and decreases seasonally
as building indoor moisture
levels increase and
decrease.
• Or, gaps can be filled in
with suitable putty.

36. GAPS AND SHRINKAGE DAMAGE TO WOOD FLOORS
INSTALLED OVER RADIANT FLOOR HEATING
SYSTEMS
• Shrinkage gaps in wood
flooring installed over
radiant heat tubing.
• The underlying cause may
be flooring that was too
moist at installation (see
above), or operating the
heat at a higher than
recommended
temperature.

37. SQUEAKY WOOD FLOOR
• Squeaky wood floors are caused by movement
in one or more boards that rub together as
you walk over them or as building
temperatures and moisture level change
• Repair: Ideally we repair loose wood flooring
by screwing up or nailing-up from beneath the
floor

38. PET STAINS ON WOOD FLOORS
• Pet urine stains on wood floors - pet stains can
ruin wood flooring
• Repair: mixed wood stain products to bring
the color of the stained-bleached spots back
to the surrounding flooring.

39. MARKET SURVEY
Done at local hardware store at
Kharkhana, Hyderabad.

40. DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS
DR. FIXIT CRACK-X PASTE
• Packing
200, 500 gms, 1 kg & 5 kg.
• Price
Rs. 240/- for 1kg
• Areas of Application
Internal & external
Plastered brick masonry
wall cracks of upto 5mm
width.

41. DR. FIXIT CRACK-X PASTE
• Curing period
7 days
• Should not be used for
cracks more than 5 mm
thick
• Shelf life
12 months from date of
manufacturing
DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS

42. DR. FIXIT CRACK-X POWDER
• Packaging
500 gm, 1 kg, 5 kg, 25 kg.
• Price
Rs. 57/- per for 1kg.
• Areas of application
To fill the static cracks of 3 to
5 mm sizes in horizontal or
vertical areas of buildings &
structures.
DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS

43. DR. FIXIT CRACK-X POWDER
• Nature
Cement based polymer
modified powder material
• Shelf life
12 months from date of
manufacturing
DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS

44. DR. FIXIT CRACK-X SHRINKFREE
• Packaging
1 ltr.
• Price
Rs.242 for 1lt.
• Areas of application
Internal & external surface
cracks on plaster upto 10 mm
width.
DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS

45. DR. FIXIT CRACK-X SHRINKFREE
• Nature
It is fast drying and flexible,
light weight, putty like material
• Shelf life
12 months from the date of
manufacturing
DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS

46. DR. FIXIT PIDICRETE URP
• Packaging Units
500 g 1, 5, 10, 20 & 225 kg
• Price
Rs.279 per 1kg.
• Areas of application
Used to modify mortars into
polymer mortars used to fill
up cracks
DR. FIXIT’S PRODUCTS

47. ASIAN PAINTS’ PRODUCTS
ASIAN PAINTS SMARTCARE
CRACK SEAL
• Packaging
360 gms, 900 gms
• Price
Rs.330 per 1kg
• Areas of application
For cracks of up to 3mm
width for both interior and
exterior surfaces

48. • ASIAN PAINTS SMARTCARE
CRACK SEAL
• Nature
ready to use fiber glass
reinforced crack filling
compound
• Shelf life
1 year from date of
manufacture
ASIAN PAINTS’ PRODUCTS

50. CASE STUDY
Kharkhana, Hyderabad.

51. • A V-groove is prepared along the crack at the
surface ranging in depth from 6 to 25mm and
minimum opening at surface of 6mm.
CRACK REPAIR

52. • A concrete saw, hand tools is used. The groove
is then cleaned by air blasting, sand blasting
or water blasting and dried. A sealant is placed
into the dry groove and allowed to cure. The
sealant may be any of several materials,
including epoxies.

54. GROUTING to Seal leak from
Water Tank
Holes Drilled

55. Materials Used

56. Mixing of Cement
Grouting Mixture

57. PROCESS

58. THANK YOU