Intercultural communication endversion
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This document provides an overview of Edward T. Hall and his foundational work in intercultural communication. It discusses Hall's concepts of high and low context cultures and how they differ in their communication styles. It also summarizes Hall's work on cultural variations in perceptions of time and space, including differences between monochronic and polychronic time, and the four distances of space across cultures. The document emphasizes understanding cultural contexts to avoid intercultural misunderstandings.
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Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory
Geert Hofstede developed cultural dimensions theory to analyze differences in national cultures. His theory identifies six dimensions along which cultural values can vary, including power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs short-term orientation, and indulgence vs restraint. Understanding differences across these cultural dimensions is important for effective cross-cultural communication and international business relations.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
Here are some key points that could be discussed:
- Hofstede's model provides a useful framework for analyzing and comparing cultural differences, but it also has limitations since cultures are complex and not fully defined by these dimensions.
- People's experiences and perspectives are shaped by their cultural background, so seeing issues through another cultural lens aided by models like Hofstede's can foster cross-cultural understanding.
- However, models also risk overgeneralizing or oversimplifying cultures. Individual experiences within a culture can vary widely.
- Overall, Hofstede's dimensions seem most helpful when used as a starting point for discussion rather than a definitive analysis, and with an understanding of both their benefits and limitations
Halls Cultural Framework
This document summarizes Edward T. Hall's framework of culture, which examines four key cultural factors - context, time, space, and information. It outlines the differences between high and low context cultures, monochronic and polychronic approaches to time, territoriality and personal space norms, and flow of information. Examples of countries with different cultural contexts and aspects requiring adjustment when moving between high and low context cultures are also provided.
Hall's Cultural Factors
This document summarizes Edward T. Hall's cultural factors theory, which identifies key dimensions along which cultures vary, including context, time orientation, territoriality, and use of space. It contrasts low and high context cultures, monochronic and polychronic time, high and low territoriality. For example, low context cultures rely more on verbal communication while high context cultures imply more meaning non-verbally. Monochronic cultures do one thing at a time while polychronic cultures value human interaction over schedules. The document advises paying attention to these cultural differences to better understand others and gain influence across cultures.
Cross-Cultural Communication
This document discusses communicating across cultures. It notes the importance of intercultural communication due to globalization and multicultural workforces. It describes culture as a complex, learned system that is both visible and invisible, combining values, traits, and customs. Cultures are inherently logical yet dynamic and change over time. Prototypes represent general characteristics of cultures that may change based on new information. Key dimensions of culture discussed are context, communication style, individualism, and time orientation. The document provides tips for improving intercultural communication such as avoiding ethnocentrism, bridging cultural gaps through empathy and patience, and adapting to different communication norms.
Nonverbal communication intercultural
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Cross cultural communication
This document discusses cross-cultural communication and the importance of understanding cultural differences. Culture is defined as the ideas, customs, and social behaviors shared by a group. Cross-cultural communication looks at how people from different cultures communicate with each other and within their own culture. Barriers to effective cross-cultural communication include ethnocentrism, discrimination, stereotyping and cultural insensitivity. Understanding cultural differences like communication style, gestures, and values is key to overcoming these barriers. Being respectful and building trust across cultures helps improve cross-cultural communication.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
This document summarizes Geert Hofstede's six cultural dimensions for analyzing and comparing cultures: Power Distance Index, Individualism vs Collectivism, Masculinity vs Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Long Term Orientation vs Short Term Normative Orientation, and Indulgence vs Restraint. For each dimension, it provides a definition and comparison of high vs low characteristics. The document encourages viewers to check Hofstede's website and YouTube channel for more information on his model of cultural dimensions.
Recommended
Hofstede's Cultural Dimensions Theory
Geert Hofstede developed cultural dimensions theory to analyze differences in national cultures. His theory identifies six dimensions along which cultural values can vary, including power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, long-term vs short-term orientation, and indulgence vs restraint. Understanding differences across these cultural dimensions is important for effective cross-cultural communication and international business relations.
Hofstede's cultural dimensions
Here are some key points that could be discussed:
- Hofstede's model provides a useful framework for analyzing and comparing cultural differences, but it also has limitations since cultures are complex and not fully defined by these dimensions.
- People's experiences and perspectives are shaped by their cultural background, so seeing issues through another cultural lens aided by models like Hofstede's can foster cross-cultural understanding.
- However, models also risk overgeneralizing or oversimplifying cultures. Individual experiences within a culture can vary widely.
- Overall, Hofstede's dimensions seem most helpful when used as a starting point for discussion rather than a definitive analysis, and with an understanding of both their benefits and limitations
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This document summarizes Edward T. Hall's framework of culture, which examines four key cultural factors - context, time, space, and information. It outlines the differences between high and low context cultures, monochronic and polychronic approaches to time, territoriality and personal space norms, and flow of information. Examples of countries with different cultural contexts and aspects requiring adjustment when moving between high and low context cultures are also provided.
Hall's Cultural Factors
This document summarizes Edward T. Hall's cultural factors theory, which identifies key dimensions along which cultures vary, including context, time orientation, territoriality, and use of space. It contrasts low and high context cultures, monochronic and polychronic time, high and low territoriality. For example, low context cultures rely more on verbal communication while high context cultures imply more meaning non-verbally. Monochronic cultures do one thing at a time while polychronic cultures value human interaction over schedules. The document advises paying attention to these cultural differences to better understand others and gain influence across cultures.
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Nonverbal communication intercultural
This document discusses nonverbal communication and how people communicate without words. It covers various aspects of nonverbal communication including body language, facial expressions, posture, gestures, clothing, personal space, touch, time, smell, and differences in nonverbal communication across cultures. The key points are that nonverbal communication provides important cues about people's feelings and relationships, it can reinforce, negate, or substitute for verbal messages, and interpretations may differ across cultures due to varying social norms and contexts.
Cross cultural communication
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Hofstede's cultural dimensions
This document summarizes Geert Hofstede's six cultural dimensions for analyzing and comparing cultures: Power Distance Index, Individualism vs Collectivism, Masculinity vs Femininity, Uncertainty Avoidance Index, Long Term Orientation vs Short Term Normative Orientation, and Indulgence vs Restraint. For each dimension, it provides a definition and comparison of high vs low characteristics. The document encourages viewers to check Hofstede's website and YouTube channel for more information on his model of cultural dimensions.
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The ppt describes cross cultural communication as an aspect of our business environment and notice the need of engagement of different cultures in a business scenario.
Hofstede's cultural dimension theory
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Cultural dimensions hofstede
Hofstede conducted a large study of over 100,000 questionnaires from IBM employees in 53 countries from 1978-1983. The study identified patterns of similarities and differences in national cultures along five dimensions: power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs short-term orientation. Hofstede's model provides a framework for understanding how cultures vary, though it has limitations such as overgeneralizing cultures and being based on data from one company.
HOFSTEDE DIMENSION
Here is a one page proposal on how to improve relationship between Malaysian students and students from other cultures in UUM based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions:
Proposal to Improve Inter-Cultural Relationships at UUM
Background: UUM has a diverse student population from many different cultures. However, there can be challenges in relationships between Malaysian students and international students due to cultural differences.
Objective: To foster greater intercultural understanding and improve relationships between Malaysian and international students at UUM.
Activities:
- Organize cultural appreciation workshops that educate students about different cultures based on Hofstede's dimensions such as power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity
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The document discusses cross-cultural communication and its importance. It notes that culture shapes how people view and interpret the world. Effective cross-cultural communication is important for multinational businesses, global job opportunities, and sharing of ideas. However, differences in communication styles, decision-making, and underlying beliefs between cultures can lead to misunderstandings and conflicts if not properly understood and navigated. The document provides examples of cultural differences and tips for developing strong cross-cultural communication skills.
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- The model identifies five cultural dimensions that can be used to distinguish one culture from another: power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs short-term orientation.
- Each dimension is scored on a scale, and the scores provide insights into workplace values and communication styles across cultures that can help understand and navigate cultural differences more effectively.
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The ppt describes cross cultural communication as an aspect of our business environment and notice the need of engagement of different cultures in a business scenario.
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Here is a one page proposal on how to improve relationship between Malaysian students and students from other cultures in UUM based on Hofstede's cultural dimensions:
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Background: UUM has a diverse student population from many different cultures. However, there can be challenges in relationships between Malaysian students and international students due to cultural differences.
Objective: To foster greater intercultural understanding and improve relationships between Malaysian and international students at UUM.
Activities:
- Organize cultural appreciation workshops that educate students about different cultures based on Hofstede's dimensions such as power distance, individualism vs. collectivism, masculinity vs. femininity
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- The model identifies five cultural dimensions that can be used to distinguish one culture from another: power distance, individualism vs collectivism, masculinity vs femininity, uncertainty avoidance, and long-term vs short-term orientation.
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Hofstede identified six categories that define culture: Power Distance Index. Collectivism vs. Individualism. Uncertainty Avoidance Index.
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Identify the 5 dimensions of cultural segmentation. CQ is identified as a way to ensure cultural diversity and mangerial excellence
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The document discusses several key topics regarding international staffing and recruitment:
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Tips on Negotiating better in Cross-Cultural Relationships
Nowadays, organizations of all sizes search for suppliers on a global level. International competition, foreign suppliers, and global sourcing may become a danger, but they may also create huge opportunities to develop your business. The increasingly global business environment requires purchasers to approach the negotiation process from the global business person’s point of view.
When you understand the personal, national, or organizational culture of your negotiation counterpart, then you can seek to align with them and hence gain greater influence. In this presentation, we attempt to bring these patterns of awareness to your attention:
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Paralanguage and Tips on Negotiation Better
So what?...you say. Given that cultural differences exist, the issue becomes how do they influence negotiations. Even though language molds thinking, other cultural classifications have a pervasive effect on how the world is perceived, how the self is experienced, and how life is organized.
Learning to communicate and negotiate business across cultural boundaries is paramount as today’s workplace rapidly changes because:
The business environment expands to include various geographic locations and span numerous cultures and,
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This document discusses cross-cultural communication and awareness. It defines culture as a shared system of meanings and experiences that influence how people view and interact with the world. Cross-cultural communication focuses on how people from different backgrounds communicate across cultures. Culture can influence what people notice and how they make sense of what they see. Barriers to cross-cultural understanding include ethnocentrism, stereotyping, and cultural blindness. Developing cross-cultural awareness and respecting differences are important for effective communication across cultures.
2 cultural context
This document discusses cultural context and the concepts of high and low context cultures. It introduces Edward Hall, who developed the concept of proxemics to describe how people use personal space differently across cultures. High context cultures take more for granted in communication and have less explicit messages, while low context cultures require more explanation. Polychronic cultures value human interaction over time, while monochronic cultures focus on doing one task at a time. High territoriality cultures emphasize ownership and boundaries, while low territoriality cultures share space more freely. Understanding these dimensions can help navigate cultural differences.
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This document discusses various barriers to communication. It identifies physical, semantic/language, socio-psychological, organizational, and cross-cultural barriers. Physical barriers include large work areas, closed doors, and noise. Semantic barriers involve words with multiple meanings or pronunciations. Socio-psychological barriers stem from human psychology like inattention or status differences. Organizational barriers occur from message distortion between levels. Cross-cultural barriers involve differences in concepts of space, gestures, and traditions across cultures. The document provides recommendations to overcome these barriers through appropriate environments, simple language, active listening, understanding different cultures, and creating open communication channels.
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Intercultural communication endversion
- 1. EDWARD T. HALL Intercultural Communication Indrani Krishnamoorthy, Nicole Hecker-Michel, Maria Loktionova, Henri Juntunen, Alex Nguyen, Nataliya Shchepina.
- 2. Intercultural Misunderstanding : Video 1
- 3. Agenda • Brief on Edward T. Hall • Context • Time • Space • Personal Experiences • Role as an international manager • Summary • Video on Intercultural Misunderstanding
- 4. Edward Twitchell Hall, Jr. • 1914 – 2009 in Missouri (US) • Ph.D. in 1942 in Columbia University • Anthropologist • Founding father of Intercultural Communication • High and low context cultural factors, time and space orientation
- 5. High context • Adopted for a stable environment where culture is being developed overtime • Much nonverbal communication (Physical context) • No drastic changes in the people • Contextual elements unterstand the rules • Understand the unwritten rules, instead is confusing • Rely on their history, status, relationship.
- 6. Low context • Applicable for a mobile environment where people come and go • More explanation is needed • Less a chance of misunderstandings • More focus on verbal communication than body language
- 7. Time Time as Structure Monochronic Polychronic Time as Communication Appointments, advance time Speed of actions
- 8. Time as Structure Monochronic Time Polychronic Time Linear Cyclical Segmented Simultaneous events Start-end / poin to point Completing events Serial Parallel
- 9. Time as communication • Rhythm and speed, time needed for making decisions • Action transmits information in different speeds Fast Messages e.g. Prose, Headlines, TV Commercial, Ideologies Slow Messages e.g. Poetry, Books, TV documentary, Print, Culture
- 10. Space The study called Proxemics concerning about space: personal body space, space in the office, parking space, home. The need for space: some people need more space, who trespass is seen as a threat. High territoriality: some people are more territorial than others Low territoriality: lower territoriality, less ownership of space; boudaries are less important.
- 11. Distances • Intimate distance (0 - 0,60 m) of wrestling, comforting and protecting • Personal distance (0,60 – 1,20 m) is keeping someone at ”arms’ lenght” • Social distance (1,20 – 3,70 m): used in business transaction, meeting new people • Public distance ( > 3,70 m) is well outside the circle of personal involvement
- 13. Role as an International Manager • Being on time for meetings • Giving the personal space • Being cautious when offering an individual something to eat • Being aware of the hand gestures used on an individual • Offering welcome gifts
- 14. Summary • Important to understand the various culture • Act according to the culture’s aspects • Not to offend the people we are dealing with • Keeping the distance according to the different culture • According to the different time orientations • Speed of actions
- 15. Intercultural Misunderstanding : Video 2
- 16. Thank you for your attention!