The presentation tells you about the dynamics of cross cultural communication in national and international context.

1. Cross-Culture
Communication
SALMAN TARIQ
M.FAISAL
SAHIBZADA HASEEB
OMER HAYAT

2. Content
 Introduction
 Patterns of Cultural Difference
 Beliefs and Practices
 Adapting a cross cultural stance
 High Context Culture Vs. Low Context Culture
 Barriers to Cross Cultural Communication
 Cross Cultural Communication in International Businesses
 Do’s and Don'ts of Cross Cultural Communication
 Summary

3. What is a culture?
 Culture is the "lens" through which you view the world.
 It is central to what you see,
 How you make sense of what you see,
 How you express yourself.

4. We didn't all come over on the same ship,
but we're all in the same boat."
– Bernard Baruch, American financier and
statesman

5. Four Fundamental Patterns of Cultural
Difference
 Communication Styles
 Attitude towards conflict
 Decision Making Style
 Approaches to knowing

6. Cross-Culture Communication
Cross-Cultural Communication is a field of
study that looks at how people from differing
Cultural backgrounds communicate, in similar
and different ways among themselves, and
how they endeavor to communicate across
cultures

7. Beliefs and Practices
 Time
 In some countries like China and Japan, punctuality is considered important and being late
would be considered as an insult. However, in countries such as those of South America and the
Middle East, being on time does not carry the same sense of urgency.
 Space
 The concept of "personal space" also varies from country to country. In certain countries it is
considered respectful to maintain a distance while interacting. However, in other countries, this
is not so important.

8. Cont’d
 ODORS:
 Americans avoid body odors and try to hide them whereas in some Asian culture believe body
odor as an act of friendship to ‘breathe the breathe’ of the person with whom they converse.
 FRANKNESS:
 North Americans tend to be frank or explicit, quickly getting to the point. Germans and Israelis
are even more frank than Americans. Asian tend to be more reticent and implicit.

9. Cont’d
 Intimacy of Relationship:
 In many cultures strict social classes exist which determines the extent to which people can be
intimate among themselves. Like in America boss directs the subordinates while in Japan it’s
the consensus.
 Values:
 American believe if one puts hard work ahead of pleasure, success will follow. North Americans
expect to change their companies number of times and also expects companies to fire them as
per their needs. While in Japan employment tend to be for lifetime. The company is viewed like
a family. Loyalty are expected from employees as well as employer.

10.  Expression Of Emotion:
 Asian cultures strongly frown upon public display of affection whereas Westerners accepts
moderate display of affection. Eastern culture sorrow is expressed with loud, seemingly
uncontrolled wailing whereas westerners typically respond with subdued and controlled
emotions.

11. Anger: Asian Vs Western

12. Elderly Days: Asian Vs Western Culture

13. Blooper

14. About Cross Cultural Communication
 All communication is cultural, it draws on ways we have learned to speak and give
nonverbal messages
 Communication is not the same way every day since these factor influence our choices
 Communication is interactive, so an important influence on its effectiveness is our
relationship with others

15. Adapting a Cross Cultural Stance
1. Know yourself and how you are different
2. Know the value of a little cultural understanding
1. Frame intercultural experiences as opportunities to learn

17. Why Cross Culture Communication is
Important
 Globalization
 Cross Border movements of people, goods and Data brings more and more
cultures into contact with one another and increase the potential cross cultural
communication
 Business Opportunities
 Job Opportunities
 Improves the contribution of employees in a diverse workforce
 Sharing of views and ideas
 Talent improvisation
 An understanding of diverse market

18. High Context and Low context Cultures
 High Context Culture
 High context refers to societies or groups where people have close connections
over a long period of time. Many aspects of cultural behavior are not made
explicit because most members know what to do and what to think from years
of interaction with each other. Your family is probably an example of a high
context environment.
 Low Context Culture
 Low context refers to societies where people tend to have many connections
but of shorter duration or for some specific reason. In these societies, cultural
behavior and beliefs may need to be spelled out explicitly so that those coming
into the cultural environment know how to behave.

19. High Context vs Low Context Cultures

20. Eye Contact
 In some cultures, looking people in the eye is assumed to indicate honesty and
straightforwardness; in others it is seen as challenging and rude.
 In USA, the cheapest, most effective way to connect with people is to look them into the eye.
 Most people in Arab culture share a great deal of eye contact and may regard too little as
disrespectful.
 English culture, a certain amount of eye contact is required, but too much makes many
people uncomfortable.
 In South Asian and many other cultures direct eye contact is generally regarded as aggressive
and rude.

21. How can the same Gestures be treated
differently in different cultures

22. Blocks to Cultural Communication
 Ethnocentrism
 The belief in the inherent superiority of one’s own ethnic group or culture
 “my way is the best”
 A Pakistani thinking that using chopsticks at every meal is stupid.
 Discrimination
 Differential treatment of an individual due to minority status actual or perceived.
 Islamophobia: term of prejudice against, hatred towards, or fear of the religion of Islam or Muslims
 When Muslim Women Tahira Ahmed faced discrimination by flight attendant, passengers over
unopened soda can

23. Cont’d
 Stereotyping
 Generalizing about a person while ignoring presence of individual difference e.g.
 All white people are all racist.
 All Blacks are great basketball players
 French are romantic
 Cultural Blindness
 Differences are ignored and one proceeds as though differences did not exist; e.g., "there's no
need to worry about a person's culture

24.  Cultural Imposition
 Belief that every one should conform to one’s own culture.
 E.g. the process of westernization in Asian countries causes a conflict of opinion between the
people of Asian Countries.
 There is a conflict of opinion between the conservative Islamist and Liberal people in Pakistani
society.
 Tone Difference
 Refers to the tones and vocals of communications which is also greatly influenced by the cultural
differences among different countries.
 Even silence has different meanings in different cultures.

25. Boss: Asian Vs Western

26. Blooper

Kentucky Fried Chicken
entered the Chinese market,
to their horror they discovered
that their slogan "finger licking'
good" came out as "eat your
fingers off“

27. Why Cross Culture Communication
Matters in International Business
 Developing products and services.
 Communicating and interacting with foreign business partners.
 Screening and selecting foreign distributors and other partners.
 Negotiating and structuring international business ventures.
 Interacting with current and potential customers from abroad.
 Preparing for overseas trade fairs and exhibitions.
 Preparing advertising and promotional materials.

28. Multicultural Workforce
 Workforce dynamic demographics is a significant factor in the productivity of a business.
 The business leaders must think about how to manage a diverse workforce, sell to an
increasingly diverse customer base, and deal with the suppliers who represent a variety of
world views.
 It is also important for staff retention - less recruiting costs.
 Cultural diversity can become the core competency if channelized properly.
 Different approaches to resolving conflict.

29. Do’s of Cross Culture Communication
 Avoid Assumptions, jokes which are misunderstood
 Use symbols, diagrams and pictures.
 Avoid using slang and idioms, choosing words that will convey only the
most specific denotative meaning;
 Investigate their culture's perception
 Take cultural and local differences into account.
 Say what you do and do what you say. Make sure that your
communication is line with the audience; use understandable language.
 Find out what cultural factors

30. Don’ts of Cultural Communication
 Using the same approach world-wide.
 Considering traditional knowledge and practices as ‘backward’.
 Letting cultural differences become a source of conflict that hinder the
process or work.
 Fail to ignore culturally-dependent enabling and counteracting forces.
 Fail to take language barriers into account.

31. Blooper

32. Summary
 The way of communication is not same across the world. Difference exists in ways of
expressions of people belonging to various culture.
 Therefore, it is important to understand how modes of communication vary across culture
and avoid some common misunderstanding to better understand the aspects of cross
culture communication.
 We should know about different beliefs and practices of various cultures and become
more adaptive.
 There are various blocks to cross cultural communication, we should avoid them and help
bringing people together.
 Cross culture communication is of significant importance to international businesses
because they help bringing the diverse workforce together and increase productivity.
 It is of equally important to the universities across world who have a multicultural set of
students in their campuses.