defination of intersection and also different types of intersection with diagrams and also it consists of advantages and dis advantages of at grade intersection and grade separate intersection and also planning considerations and need of construction of intersection. it also consists of case study of chennai.
at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross.
THIS AREA IS DESIGNATED FOR THE VEHICLES TO TURN TO Different Direction.
VEHICLES MOVING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTION WANT TO OCCUPY SAME SPACE AT SAME TIME.
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as simple as possible.
An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of road segments, traffic controls or lane design. (Wikipedia)
Traffic Characteristics: (i) Road user’s characteristics - general human characteristics, physical, mental and emotional factors, factors affecting reaction time, PIEV theory. (ii) Vehicular characteristics :( static and dynamic), Characteristics affecting road design-width, height, length and other dimensions. Weight, power, speed and braking capacity of a vehicle
at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross.
THIS AREA IS DESIGNATED FOR THE VEHICLES TO TURN TO Different Direction.
VEHICLES MOVING IN DIFFERENT DIRECTION WANT TO OCCUPY SAME SPACE AT SAME TIME.
An intersection is the area shared by the joining or crossing of two or more roads. Since the main function of an intersection is to enable the road user to make a route choice, it is a point of decision. Hence the problems that are encountered by the motorist while passing through an intersection must be recognized and the design should be in such a way that the driving task is as simple as possible.
An intersection is an at-grade junction where two or more roads or streets meet or cross. Intersections may be classified by number of road segments, traffic controls or lane design. (Wikipedia)
Traffic Characteristics: (i) Road user’s characteristics - general human characteristics, physical, mental and emotional factors, factors affecting reaction time, PIEV theory. (ii) Vehicular characteristics :( static and dynamic), Characteristics affecting road design-width, height, length and other dimensions. Weight, power, speed and braking capacity of a vehicle
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
Traffic Engineering, PPT Based On Unit 1 (Fundamentals of Traffic Engg.)
In this PPT you Can studied about details of traffic engg, Characteristics , and others fundamentals of Road.
By- Prof K.S.Somase
(Assistant professor of Gurukul Education society's Institute of engineering and technology, Nandgaon
Road Junctions and Grade Separators for Transportation Planning - A Junction is an area, where two or more roads join or cross, whose main function is to provide for the change of route directions.
Grade separation is a method developed to avoid the disruption of traffic flow at intersections. It is adopted at junctions where two or more surface transport axes cross with each other.
Grade separation is generally achieved by means of a vertical level.
Accident study and analysis, objective, causes of accidents, and analysis of accident (collection of data and preparing reports and record) , types of accidents, and statistical analysis of accidents.
Traffic Engineering, PPT Based On Unit 1 (Fundamentals of Traffic Engg.)
In this PPT you Can studied about details of traffic engg, Characteristics , and others fundamentals of Road.
By- Prof K.S.Somase
(Assistant professor of Gurukul Education society's Institute of engineering and technology, Nandgaon
Road Junctions and Grade Separators for Transportation Planning - A Junction is an area, where two or more roads join or cross, whose main function is to provide for the change of route directions.
Grade separation is a method developed to avoid the disruption of traffic flow at intersections. It is adopted at junctions where two or more surface transport axes cross with each other.
Grade separation is generally achieved by means of a vertical level.
intersection are the space in which more than 2 roads crosses.types of road intersection,grade separated and at grade separated intersection.
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This slide is for the young minds who are keen to knew about the intersection.This presentation demonstrate everything about intersection .All rights are reserved by the authors,this is for only educational purposes and as per IRC guidelines.
A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
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The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
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unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
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Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
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Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
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Welcome to TechSoup New Member Orientation and Q&A (May 2024).pdfTechSoup
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2. Contents
What is an intersection
Types of intersection
Grade separate intersection
At grade intersection
Traffic operation
Principles considered for design
Advantages and limitations
2
3. What is an intersection
► Area where two or more roads meet or cross
each other.
► Area for vehicles to turn to different
directions.
►vehicles moving in different directions want to
occupy same space in same time Hazardous
locations.
► Intersection is a point of large number of
major conflicts.
3
4. Need of intersection design
Intersection is a point of large number of major conflicts.
Good intersection design aims at
Minimization of the magnitude and characteristics of the
conflicts.
A simplification of driver route selection process.
4
5. Planning consideration for interchange
Land availability
Interchange spacing
Access control
Land use
Warrants
design consideration
safety
congestion
traffic volume
5
6. TYPES OF INTERSECTION
6
Grade separated
intersection
At-grade
intersection
• It is also called
interchanges.
• Roads at different
elevations
• Connected by ramps
Roads at same
elevation
8. Grade separated intersection
It is a bridge that eliminates crossing conflicts at intersections
by vertical separation of roadways in space.
Route transfer at grade separation is accommodated by
interchange facilities consisting of ramps.
The interchange configuration are designed in such a way to
accommodate economically the traffic requirements of flow
operation on the crossing facilities, physical requirements of
the topography, adjoining land use, right-of-way and
direction of movements.
8
10. Underpass
An underpass or tunnel is an
underground passageway,
completely enclosed except for
openings for ingress and egress,
commonly each end.
A tunnel may be for foot or
vehicular road traffic, for rail traffic.
10
11. Overpass
An overpass also know as a flyover,
is a bridge, road, railway or similar
structure that crosses over another
road or railway.
A pedestrian overpass allows
pedestrians safe crossing over busy
roads without impacting traffic.
11
12. Trumpet interchange
Trumpet interchanges have been used where one
highway terminates at another highway.
These involve at least one loop ramp connecting
traffic either entering or leaving the terminating
expressway.
The principal advantages are low construction cost
and are useful for highways.
12
14. Diamond interchange
Simplest form of grade separated
interchange between two roadways.
The conflicts between through and
crossing traffic are eliminated by a bridge.
Diamond interchange are most effective in
area where traffic is light.
14
16. Cloverleaf interchange
Eliminates all crossing
movements conflicts by use of
weaving sections.
It replace a crossing conflicts
with a merging, followed some
distance farther by a diverging
conflicts.
16
18. Partial cloverleaf interchange
Partial clover leaf is a modification
that combines some elements of a
diamond interchange with one are
more loops of a cloverleaf to
eliminate only the more critical
turning conflicts.
18
20. Directional interchange
A directional interchange provides
direct paths for turning movement .
These interchanges contain ramps for
one or more direct or semi direct left
turning movements.
.
20
22. At grade intersections
► At-grade intersections in which all the exchanges between the
roads take
place on the same plane.
These are:
all paved / un-channelized intersection
Channelized intersection
Roundabout
22
23. Types of at grade intersection
All paved / un-channelized intersection
1. No restriction to vehicles
2. Can use any part of intersection area
3.they can be cross, t type, multileg
23
27. Traffic operation
Diverging: vehicles moving in one direction is
separated into different streams according to
their destination.
Merging : process of joining the traffic coming
from different approaches and going to a
common destination into a single stream.
Weaving: combined movement merging and
diverging movements.
27
30. Kathipara
Kathipara is an important road
junction in Chennai, India
It is located at the intersection of
the Grand Southern Trunk
Road, Inner Ring road.
Kathipara flyover is the
largest cloverleaf flyover in South Asia.
A cloverleaf grade separator was
constructed as part of the NHDP to
ease traffic congestion at the junction.
30
31. Advantages
Grade separator provides maximum facility to the
crossing traffic and avoids the accident while crossing.
They provide increased safety for turning traffic. By
introducing indirect interchange ramp, even right turn
movements can be made quite easy and safe
Grade separation is an essential part of controlled access
highway like an expressway.
Traffic capacity is increased.
31
32. Limitations
All the vehicles are forced to slow down so the cumulative
delay will be much higher than channelized intersection.
Even when there is relatively low traffic, the vehicles are
forced to reduce their speed.
Require large area of relatively flat land costly at urban areas.
The vehicles do not usually stop at a rotary so not suitable
when there is high pedestrian movements.
32
33. Reference
Google
IRC 92- 1985 AND IRC92-2017 (GUIDELINES FOR THE
DESIGN OF INTERCHANGES IN URBAN AREA)
YouTube
33
