Intelligent sustainable liveable cities aim to provide security, happiness, and a high quality of life for inhabitants through accessibility, economic opportunities, natural beauty, and social justice. Key components include compact development, mixed uses, walkability, renewable energy, green spaces, and engagement. Nature contact, community, health, jobs, freedom and equity influence well-being. Truly sustainable cities consider environmental, economic and social needs of current and future residents.

1. Intelligent Sustainable Liveable CitiesIntelligent Sustainable Liveable Cities
Professor Derek Clements-CroomeProfessor Derek Clements-Croome
The University of ReadingThe University of Reading
www.derekcroome.comwww.derekcroome.com

2. Walking to Work in Letchworth Garden CityWalking to Work in Letchworth Garden City

4. 1990s
Information
via cities’
websites
2000s
City portals for
online
information
services
2004/5
INTELCITIES
Online web-based
eLearning system
integrated & inter-
operable with other
cities’ platforms
Static and limited
online information
on administration,
policy, strategic
planning and land
use
Dynamic &
interactive services
allowing online
service transaction
related to transport,
land use, planning,
housing, taxation etc
Knowledge transfer & capacity
building via:
-Networked communities
-Virtual organizations
-Managed learning
environments
-Learning partnerships
Developing platforms for
online citizen engagement
2005+
SMART CITIES
Having an e-learning
platform, knowledge management &
library with the org-ware
communities needed to support
digitally inclusive regeneration
projects across Europe – meeting
advanced visualization, simulation
and benchmarking
requirements
High level programmes with the
intelligence needed to be smart in
meeting the networking, innovation
and creativity requirements of
successful partnerships and the
ability of digitally inclusive
regeneration programmes to
develop the social capital
underlying the modernisation of
urban villages and their
neighbourhoods as sustainable
communities.
Deakin,M., Intelligent Buildings International Journal 3, 3, 2011

5. Sustainable Intelligent Cities
Digital
(Cyber)
Intel
Sentient
Quality of
Life Liveability
Green
ICT Web-
Based (e
services)
Sensor
y
EnvironmentalSocialSmart
Nature
Environmental-Socio-Economic
Value

6. THE CULTURE OFTHE CULTURE OF
CITIESCITIES

7. ““ A City should be built to give itsA City should be built to give its
inhabitants security and happinessinhabitants security and happiness ””
------AristotleAristotle
An Intelligent City and Liveable CityAn Intelligent City and Liveable City isis
An Accessible CityAn Accessible City
 A Business CityA Business City
 An Attractive CityAn Attractive City
A City for LivingA City for Living
A Just CityA Just City

8. THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IS:THE SUSTAINABLE CITY IS:
 AA JJust Cityust City, where justice, food, shelter, education, health, where justice, food, shelter, education, health
and hope are fairly distributed and where all peopleand hope are fairly distributed and where all people
participate n government;participate n government;
 A Beautiful City,A Beautiful City, where art, architecture and landscapewhere art, architecture and landscape
spark the imagination and move spirit;spark the imagination and move spirit;
 A Creative CityA Creative City , where open-mindedness and, where open-mindedness and
experimentation mobilise the full potential of its humanexperimentation mobilise the full potential of its human
resources and allows a fast response to change;resources and allows a fast response to change;
 An Ecological City,An Ecological City, which minimises its ecologicalwhich minimises its ecological
impact, where landscape and built form are balanced andimpact, where landscape and built form are balanced and
where buildings and infrastructures are safe and resource-where buildings and infrastructures are safe and resource-
efficient;efficient;
 A City of Easy Contact and MobilityA City of Easy Contact and Mobility , which protects, which protects
the countryside, focuses and integrates communities withinthe countryside, focuses and integrates communities within
neighbourhoods and maximises proximityneighbourhoods and maximises proximity
 A Diverse CityA Diverse City, where a broad range of overlapping, where a broad range of overlapping
activities create animation, inspiration and foster a vitalactivities create animation, inspiration and foster a vital
public life.public life.

9. Cities Should be Planned toCities Should be Planned to
Achieve the Following Goals:Achieve the Following Goals:
 economiceconomic (such as economic revitalization and(such as economic revitalization and
development);development);
 land useland use (such as compact, mixed use(such as compact, mixed use
development);development);
 transportationtransportation (such as walkability,(such as walkability,
accessibility, and transportation choices);accessibility, and transportation choices);
 equityequity (such as affordable housing and mixed-(such as affordable housing and mixed-
income communities); andincome communities); and
 community developmentcommunity development (such as sense of(such as sense of
place, safety, and public health).place, safety, and public health).

10. Ecological Cities: EconomicEcological Cities: Economic
CitiesCities
 UrbanizationUrbanization in developing counties is ain developing counties is a
defining feature of the 21defining feature of the 21stst
century. Some 90% ofcentury. Some 90% of
global urban growth now takes place inglobal urban growth now takes place in
developing countries.developing countries.
 Eco Cities:Eco Cities: Ecological Cities asEcological Cities as EconomicEconomic
CitiesCities is a new initiative launched by the Worldis a new initiative launched by the World
Bank in order to respond this challengeBank in order to respond this challenge
 Eco Cities createEco Cities create economic opportunitieseconomic opportunities forfor
their citizens in an inclusive, sustainable, andtheir citizens in an inclusive, sustainable, and
resource-efficient way , while also protecting andresource-efficient way , while also protecting and
nurturing the local ecology and environmentnurturing the local ecology and environment
generations.generations.
www.woldbank.org/eco2

11. ““Ecological Cities” Defined:Ecological Cities” Defined:
Neighbourhoods, Cities, and MetropolitanNeighbourhoods, Cities, and Metropolitan
Areas that seek to be:Areas that seek to be:
 GreenerGreener
 Safer and HealthierSafer and Healthier
 More EfficientMore Efficient
 More People-FriendlyMore People-Friendly
 More Socially EquitableMore Socially Equitable
The Ecological Cities Project, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, www.ecologicalcities.org

12. Ecological CitiesEcological Cities mean a good quality ofmean a good quality of
life with minimal natural resources:life with minimal natural resources:
 usingusing local materialslocal materials, and, and local energy, air and waterlocal energy, air and water
flowsflows (sunlight, wind and rain) to best advantage.(sunlight, wind and rain) to best advantage.
 incorporatingincorporating natural ecosystemsnatural ecosystems into urban areas, tointo urban areas, to
host local wildlife, and to enhance the experience of urbanhost local wildlife, and to enhance the experience of urban
public spaces.public spaces.
 usingusing vegetationvegetation to control urban microclimates - toto control urban microclimates - to
stabilise temperature and humidity.stabilise temperature and humidity.
 enhancing the life of the communityenhancing the life of the community and relationshipsand relationships
between people, by creating convivial social environments.between people, by creating convivial social environments.
 supporting ansupporting an innovative cultureinnovative culture which enables people towhich enables people to
flourish and develop their creative potential, and use newflourish and develop their creative potential, and use new
technologies to improve liveabilitytechnologies to improve liveability..
Reference: Urban ecology Australia

13. Key neighbourhood featuresKey neighbourhood features
promoting well-beingpromoting well-being
 Personal feelingsPersonal feelings
 Social feelingsSocial feelings
 Personal functioningPersonal functioning
 Social functioningSocial functioning
New Economics Foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

14. The components of place Happiness (pH)
New Economics Foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

15. The components of
place Sustainability
(pS)
New Economics foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment www.neweconomcis.org

16. A process for creating sustainable well-beingA process for creating sustainable well-being
New Economics foundation NEF, 2010, Good Foundations: towards a low carbon, high well0being built environment

17. What is Liveability?What is Liveability?
Liveability is the sum of the factors that addLiveability is the sum of the factors that add
up to a community’s quality of life—includingup to a community’s quality of life—including
the built and natural environments, economicthe built and natural environments, economic
prosperity, social stability and equity,prosperity, social stability and equity,
educational opportunity, and cultural,educational opportunity, and cultural,
entertainment and recreation possibilities.entertainment and recreation possibilities.
Partners for Liveable CommunitiesPartners for Liveable Communities Washington, D.C.Washington, D.C.

18. Humans possess a biologicalHumans possess a biological
inclination to affiliate with naturalinclination to affiliate with natural
systems and processes instrumentalsystems and processes instrumental
with their health and productivitywith their health and productivity
Kellert et al (2008) based on Wilson (1984)Kellert et al (2008) based on Wilson (1984)

19. Nature and Well-BeingNature and Well-Being
 Contact with the natural world hasContact with the natural world has
benefits for well-beingbenefits for well-being
 Chu et al 2004 Journal of Mental HealthChu et al 2004 Journal of Mental Health
Promotion 2, 8-17Promotion 2, 8-17

20. Determinants of Quality of LifeDeterminants of Quality of Life
1. Material wellbeing1. Material wellbeing GDP per personGDP per person
2. Health2. Health Life expectancy at birthLife expectancy at birth
3. Political stability and security3. Political stability and security
4. Family life4. Family life Divorce rateDivorce rate
5.5. Community lifeCommunity life Church attendance or trade-unionChurch attendance or trade-union
membershipmembership
6.6. Climate and geographyClimate and geography
7.7. Job securityJob security Unemployment rateUnemployment rate
8.8. Political freedomPolitical freedom Political and civil libertiesPolitical and civil liberties
9.9. Gender equalityGender equality Average male and female earningsAverage male and female earnings
Sources include EIU 2005; ILO; Freedom House; UN; Euromoitor

21. Mercer’s Quality of Living CriteriaMercer’s Quality of Living Criteria

22. Social IssuesSocial Issues
 Fuel PovertyFuel Poverty
 Effects of Global Warming on PeopleEffects of Global Warming on People
 Employment and Job CreationEmployment and Job Creation
 Community LifestyleCommunity Lifestyle ------Living SpaceLiving Space
 Transport PreferencesTransport Preferences

23. Cities as a System of SystemsCities as a System of Systems
Source: Dirks and Keeling, 2009

24. Holistic DesignHolistic Design
 SuBet approach of stakeholderSuBet approach of stakeholder
participative design using analyticparticipative design using analytic
tools such as Analytical Hierarchialtools such as Analytical Hierarchial
Processing ( Saaty 2000)Processing ( Saaty 2000)
 Integral Sustainable Design ( De KayIntegral Sustainable Design ( De Kay
2011)2011)
 Wicked Problems Solutions ( Wood etWicked Problems Solutions ( Wood et
al 2010)al 2010)

25. AnAn Intelligent BuildingIntelligent Building is:is:
responsiveresponsive to occupants, organisational andto occupants, organisational and
society’s needs;society’s needs;
sustainablesustainable in terms of energy and waterin terms of energy and water
consumption and water consumptions besidesconsumption and water consumptions besides
being;being;
lowly pollutinglowly polluting in terms of emissions and waste;in terms of emissions and waste;
healthyhealthy in terms of well-being for the people livingin terms of well-being for the people living
and working within it;and working within it;
functionalfunctional according to the user needs.according to the user needs.
Clements-Croome,

26. Sustainable Intelligent CitiesSustainable Intelligent Cities
 Sustainable Intelligent LiveableSustainable Intelligent Liveable
CitiesCities areare
 composed ofcomposed of intelligent buildingsintelligent buildings andand
infrastructuresinfrastructures between them andbetween them and
 thethe well-beingwell-being of the residential,of the residential,
commercial, and industrial communities;commercial, and industrial communities;
andand
 to meet theirto meet their environmentalenvironmental,,
economical and social needseconomical and social needs ..

27. SustainabilitySustainability
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
 Quality of lifeQuality of life ;;
 Respect for theRespect for the natural environmentnatural environment ;;
 Diffusion of technologyDiffusion of technology with purpose ;with purpose ;
 SustainSustain for future generations.for future generations.

28. Sustainability ValuesSustainability Values
 optimisationoptimisation of key resources;of key resources;
 maintenancemaintenance scale and capacity;scale and capacity;
 adoption of aadoption of a systems approachsystems approach;;
 support ofsupport of whole life cycleswhole life cycles;;
 responsivenessresponsiveness for pro-activity andfor pro-activity and
creativity;creativity;
 valuevalue diversitydiversity;;
 preservation ofpreservation of heritageheritage..

29. More SustainableMore Sustainable Less SustainableLess Sustainable
Compact formsCompact forms of residentialof residential
development.development.
Low-density, spread-out residential developmentLow-density, spread-out residential development
Mixed land useMixed land use; homes, jobs and; homes, jobs and
shopping in close proximity.shopping in close proximity.
Segregation of land uses: homes, jobs andSegregation of land uses: homes, jobs and
shopping separated into uniform tracts orshopping separated into uniform tracts or
concentrationsconcentrations
EmploymentEmployment based primarily onbased primarily on
education and skills.education and skills.
Employment based primarily onEmployment based primarily on
environment polluting or non-renewable resourceenvironment polluting or non-renewable resource
based industrybased industry
Walking and bicycle.Walking and bicycle. Heavy dependence on private cars.Heavy dependence on private cars.
RenewablesRenewables like wind and solar energy;like wind and solar energy;
micro-generationmicro-generation
Thermal and nuclear energy.Thermal and nuclear energy.
Tertiary treatment of sewage; use ofTertiary treatment of sewage; use of
natural means ofnatural means of sewage treatmentsewage treatment..
Discharge of sewage into water bodies or water-Discharge of sewage into water bodies or water-
courses untreated or with low level of treatment.courses untreated or with low level of treatment.
Protection and use ofProtection and use of natural hydrologicnatural hydrologic
and systems.and systems.
Hard surfaces preventing infiltration; channellingHard surfaces preventing infiltration; channelling
natural water-courses.natural water-courses.
Natural open spaceNatural open space; protection of; protection of
wetlands, woodlands, stream valleys,wetlands, woodlands, stream valleys,
habitat, etc.; use of manure, compost,habitat, etc.; use of manure, compost,
integrated pest management, etc.integrated pest management, etc.
Destruction of natural landscape;Destruction of natural landscape;
"manicured" parkland with exotic"manicured" parkland with exotic
species; heavy use of chemicalspecies; heavy use of chemical
fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides.
Reduction of wasteReduction of waste; recovery, re-use; recovery, re-use
and recycling of waste materials.and recycling of waste materials.
Landfills, incinerators.Landfills, incinerators.

30. Green Cities will includeGreen Cities will include
 solar powersolar power,, wind turbineswind turbines andand energy-energy-
efficient buildingsefficient buildings
 dew catchersdew catchers (atmospheric wells)(atmospheric wells)
 rainwater harvestingrainwater harvesting
 low-energy desalinationlow-energy desalination
 electronic sensorselectronic sensors to detect leaky pipesto detect leaky pipes
 GreywaterGreywater will be used to water urban crops,will be used to water urban crops,
grown in vertically stacked high-rise plots, andgrown in vertically stacked high-rise plots, and
the water that is not used by plants will bethe water that is not used by plants will be
recovered and reusedrecovered and reused
IBM, Water: A global innovation Outlook Report,

31. 1. Mass & Built Form (Minimise Cooling,
NV)
2. Facade (Passive Shading, Thermal, Light
Trans.)
3. Function (Equipment, Lighting,
Daylighting)
4. Systems (NV, Mixed Mode, AC
system Choice)
5. Innovation (PV. Solar, Wind, Bio Fuel,
Fuel Cells)
$
Return on
Investment
Green BuildingsGreen Buildings

32. Gensler Office Survey 2009

33. Toronto
New York
Chicago
Dublin
London
Birmingham
Edinburgh
Paris
Nice
Barcelona
Abu Dhabi
Doha
Dubai
Frankfurt
Brussels
Rotterdam
Copenhagen
Providenciales
Luxemburg
Ko samui
Milan
Rome
Venice
Valencia
Heraklion
Berlin
Sydney
Tampa
Nicosia
Melbourne
Mombasa
Miami
Detroit
Washington
Reykjavik
Learning from World CitiesLearning from World Cities

34. Lessons from the Past
Lots of poor examples
Population is rising
Environmental cost of sprawl (pollution)
Sprawl leads to large increases in CO2
Increased dependency on the automobile
Taking the wealth from the city (Detroit)
Impact of health
Religious and racial segregation
Economic degrading
Un-Sustainable Urbanism
Los Angeles
Although cities cover only 2% of the
earth’s surface, consume 75% of all
resources and produce 75% of all
waste. Dr Richard Jackson – Centre for Disease Control and Pr
Urban Sprawl = Obesity

35. EIU's ten 'best' citiesEIU's ten 'best' cities
in the worldin the world
2011
Rank
(2010)
City Country
1 (3) Melbourne Australia
2 (2) Vienna Austria
3 (1) Vancouver Canada
4 (4) Toronto Canada
5 (5) Calgary Canada
6 (7) Sydney Australia
7 (6) Helsinki Finland
=8 (=8) Perth Australia
9 (=8) Adelaide Australia
10 (10) Auckland New Zealand
2011
Rank
(2010)
City Country
131 Abidjan Ivory Coast
132 Tehran Iran
133 Douala Cameron
134 Karachi Pakistan
135 Tripoli Libya
136 Algiers Algeria
137 Lagos Nigeria
138 Port Moresby
Papua New
Guinea
139 Dhaka Bangladesh
140 Harare Zimbabwe
EIU's ten ‘worst' cities
in the world
Economist Intelligent Survey (EIU) 2010

36. Urban Form andUrban Form and
SustainabilitySustainability
Urban formsUrban forms (e.g. urban villages, urban(e.g. urban villages, urban
renaissance & regeneration, intensification,renaissance & regeneration, intensification,
compact city etc.)compact city etc.) are claimed to be:are claimed to be:
– spatially sustainablespatially sustainable
– environmentally soundenvironmentally sound
– efficient for transportefficient for transport
– socially beneficialsocially beneficial
– economically viableeconomically viable
Jenks 2003

37. Making a DifferenceMaking a Difference
Reusing urban
land
Reclaiming the
streets
Social vitality
Human scale development
Participatio
n
Shift to public transport,
cycling & walking
Sustainable urban forms
Economic viability
Jenks 2003

38. Economi
c Growth
Social
Progress
Environmental
Stewardship
Eco
Efficienc
y
Socio
Enviro
Sustaina
bility
Socio
Economic
EnvironmentalEnvironmental
StewardshipStewardship
Clean Air
Water
Land Emissions Reduction
Zero Waste
Releases and Spills
Biodiversity
Social ProgressSocial Progress
Diversity
Human Rights
Community Outreach
Labour RelationsEconomic GrowthEconomic Growth
Innovation
Capital Efficiency
Risk Management
Margin Improvement
Growth Enhancement
Shareholder Return
Socio-EconomicSocio-Economic
Job Creation
Skills Enhancement
Local Economic
Impacts
Eco - EfficiencyEco - Efficiency
Resource Efficiency
Product Stewardship
Life-Cycle Management
Social EnvironmentalSocial Environmental
Safety and Health
Environmental
Regulations
Climate Change
Access to Potable Water
Environmental Justice
Sustainable MasterplanningSustainable Masterplanning

39. Some Existing Assessment MethodsSome Existing Assessment Methods
World map showing countries using the four predominate ranking
systems
Source: Council for Tall

40. SuBET Tool is a comprehensive, international, voluntary
sustainable rating scheme and assessment tool.
Evaluates the sustainable design and performance of a major
master plan
The tool was developed for the construction and property
industry in order to:
• Establish a common language
• Set a standard measurement
• Promote integrated design
• Recognize environmental leadership
• Encourage stakeholders involvement
• Identify building life-cycle impact
• Raise awareness of sustainable urban planning benefits
SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University
SuBETSuBET

41. Social DiversitySocial Diversity
Ecological biodiversityEcological biodiversity
Social Hubs & Open SpaceSocial Hubs & Open Space
Street designStreet design
Transit Services UrbanismTransit Services Urbanism
Waste, Water, Energy & Pollution ManagementWaste, Water, Energy & Pollution Management
High Performance InfrastructuresHigh Performance Infrastructures
Built Form and InterrelationshipsBuilt Form and Interrelationships
Master Planning
Sustainable Built Environment Tool
SuBET
,,Al-Waer H ,Clements-Croome D J,2010,Building and Environment,45,799-

42. The selection of sustainability indicators isThe selection of sustainability indicators is
based on a whole life model which focusesbased on a whole life model which focuses
on:on:
 PeoplePeople (owners; occupants)(owners; occupants)
 ProductsProducts (building quality, materials; fabric;(building quality, materials; fabric;
structurestructure;; facilities; equipment; services); andfacilities; equipment; services); and
 ProcessesProcesses (automation;(automation;
systemssystems;; commissioning; maintenance; post -occupancycommissioning; maintenance; post -occupancy
evaluation) and the evaluation) and the
 InterrelationshipsInterrelationships between them in accordance withbetween them in accordance with
the phases of planning, design, construction,the phases of planning, design, construction,
operation, maintenance, recycling and disposal .operation, maintenance, recycling and disposal .

43. 3 Groups Up To 90 Indicators10 Sub Groups
Sustainability Dimensions
SuBETSuBET
Land Use & Ecology
Mobility
Water
Energy & Natural
Resources
Material, Recycling &
Waste
Pollution
Usability
Place Making
Cultural & Perceptual
Costs & Economics
SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University
Environmental Group
Social Cultural Group
Economic Group

44. SuBET Groups and IndicatorsSuBET Groups and Indicators
(environmental)(environmental)
Land and Ecology Water
• Site Selection: Reuse of Land and Protecting
Productive Land
• Remediation
• Minimising Ecological Impacts
• Construction: Processing Ecological Value
• Ecosystem Enhancement
• Compact Development
• Land Use and Ecology Innovation
• Responsible Water Supply
• Flood Risk
• Water Quality
• Eliminate Potable Water for Site Irrigation
• Reduce Water Consumption for Daily Use
• Waste and Strom Water Management
• Smart Metering Water
• Water Innovation
Mobility Energy and Climate Change
• Smart Location
• Street network
• Public Transport Proximity and Frequency of
Existing Infrastructure
• Public Transport Provision of New Structure
• Low Carbon Transport Systems
• Parking Minimisation
• Bicycle and Pedestrian Network
• Proximity to Community Services
• Travel Survey
• Mobility Innovation
• Urban Grid Optimisation
• Reduce Heat Island Effect
• Energy Efficient External Lighting
• Energy Efficient Building
• Renewable Energy Generation and Use
• Energy Metering and Energy Strategy
• Climate Change: Vulnerability and Adaptation
• Energy and Natural Resources Innovation
Pollution
• Air quality and Odours
• Noise and Light Pollution
• Electromagnetic Fields
• Pollution Innovation

45. SuBET Groups and Indicators (social,SuBET Groups and Indicators (social,
cultural and economiccultural and economic ))
Material, Recycling & Waste Cultural ad Perceptual
• Reuse of Structure, Infrastructure and Materials
• Design for Disassembly, Adaptability, Re-Use or
Recycling
• Local Sourced Materials
• Sustainable Sourcing of Biological Products
• Storage of Recyclable Waste
• Hazardous Materials
• Site Waste Management Plan
• Material, Recycling Innovation
• Amenity and Wellbeing
• Community Cohesion
• Community Involvement
• Current Local Reputation
• Neighbourhood Safety
• Community and Health
• Sustainable behaviour
• Social Inclusive community
Usability Costs and Economics
• Quality of Street Space
• Access to Public Space
• Universal Accessibility
• Diversity of Uses & Housing Types
• Housing Density
• Space and Standards
• Viability of New Infrastructure
• Housing Demand Affordable housing
• Local Prosperity
• Potential/Availability for Employment
• Local Food Production
• Maintenance: Minimisation of the Whole Life-Cycle
Cost
• Skills and Knowledge of Operating Staff
Place Making
• Landscape Design
• Scale, Massing and Height
• Local Materials, Frontage and Details
• Integration and Reuse of Historical Buildings
• Active Frontages
• Visual & Physical Connectivity

46. 3 Levels of Weightings
1 2 3
SuBET Levels of WeightingsSuBET Levels of Weightings
SuBET is ©Copyright of Hilson Moran Partnership Ltd, Professor Derek Clements-Croome of Reading University and Dr Hasam Al Waer of Dundee University

48. Singapore
FrankfurtTOKYO
Brazil

52. Top 5 Cities WorldwideTop 5 Cities Worldwide
Top 5 cities: Quality of living
ranking
Top 5 cities: Personal safety
ranking
•Vienna, Austria (1st)
•Zurich, Switzerland (2nd)
•Auckland, New Zealand (3rd)
•Munich, Germany (4th)
•Vancouver, Canada (tied 5th)
•Düsseldorf, Germany (tied 5th)
•Luxembourg, Luxembourg(1st)
•Bern, Switzerland (tied 2nd)
•Helsinki, Finland (tied 2nd)
•Zurich, Switzerland (tied 2nd)
•Vienna, Austria (5th)
Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights

53. Top 5 Cities by RegionTop 5 Cities by Region
Americas Asia Pacific Europe
Middle East &
Africa
•Vancouver (5th)
•Ottawa (14th)
•Toronto (15th)
•Montreal (22nd)
•Honolulu (29th)
•Auckland (3rd)
•Sydney (11th)
•Wellington
(13th)
•Melbourne
(18th)
•Perth (21st)
•Vienna (1st)
•Zurich (2nd)
•Munich (4th)
•Dusseldorf (5th)
•Frankfurt (7th)
•Dubai (74th)
•Abu Dhabi
(78th)
•Port Louis
(82nd)
•Cape Town
(88th)
•Johannesburg
(94th)
Quality of living ranking
Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights

54. Personal Safety Ranking
Americas Asia Pacific Europe
Middle East &
Africa
•Calgary (tied 17th)
•Montreal (tied
17th)
•Ottawa (tied 17th)
•Toronto (tied 17th)
•Vancouver (tied
17th)
•Singapore (8th)
•Auckland (tied 9th)
•Wellington (tied
9th)
•Canberra (tied
25th)
•Melbourne (tied
25th)
•Perth (tied 25th)
•Sydney (tied 25th)
•Luxembourg (1st)
•Bern (tied 2nd)
•Helsinki (tied 2nd)
•Zurich (tied 2nd)
•Vienna (5th)
•Abu Dhabi (23rd)
•Muscat (29th)
•Dubai(39th)
•Port Louis (59th)
•Doha (67th)
Mercer2011 Quality of Living ranking highlights

55. MOBILITYMOBILITY

56. TransMilenio
and Urban
Renewal in
Bogotá
Applicability of Bogotá’s TransMilenio BRT System to the United

57. MasdarMasdar
Masdar - The Sustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or A Realistic Possibility? Gabriel Tang

59. Shaded Courtyards and Walkways within the
development paints a desert idyll of tranquility.
Image courtesy of Foster +Partners
Masdar - The Sustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or A Realistic

61. Innovations likely to impactInnovations likely to impact
societysociety

62. A city’s real intelligence is inA city’s real intelligence is in
its citizensits citizens
While the new technologies will help us to seeWhile the new technologies will help us to see
farther, understand better and operate faster,farther, understand better and operate faster,
only humans can make the cognitive leaps toonly humans can make the cognitive leaps to
recombine ideas and generate the radicalrecombine ideas and generate the radical
innovations to address the most importantinnovations to address the most important
challenges-and mobilize for action in the realchallenges-and mobilize for action in the real
world.world.
Rodin , J, Cities that ask right questions in Piedmont-Palladino S C, Intelligent Cities, 2011 National Building Museum,p11

63. Some Key Technologies Affecting City Planning
Sources: Freeman and Perez (1988) and Hall (1999)

64. The World Economic Forum's (WEF's) Global AgendaThe World Economic Forum's (WEF's) Global Agenda
Council on Emerging Technologies listed the top 10Council on Emerging Technologies listed the top 10
emerging technologies it believes will have the greatestemerging technologies it believes will have the greatest
impact on the state of the world in 2012.impact on the state of the world in 2012.
1. Informatics for adding value to information1. Informatics for adding value to information
2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering2. Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering
3. Green Revolution 2.0 - technologies for increased food and3. Green Revolution 2.0 - technologies for increased food and
biomassbiomass
4. Nanoscale design of materials4. Nanoscale design of materials
5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of5. Systems biology and computational modelling/simulation of
chemical and biological systemschemical and biological systems
6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource6. Utilization of carbon dioxide as a resource
7. Wireless power7. Wireless power
8. High energy density power systems8. High energy density power systems
9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention9. Personalized medicine, nutrition and disease prevention
10. Enhanced education technology10. Enhanced education technology
This not a definitive list but does express a collection ofThis not a definitive list but does express a collection of
views from a body of people with a wealth of experience.views from a body of people with a wealth of experience.

65. Minimum RecommendationsMinimum Recommendations
 Systems and holistic thinkingSystems and holistic thinking
 Take into accountTake into account symbiosis of city withsymbiosis of city with
Nature and local culturesNature and local cultures
 Plan for walkable cities integrated withPlan for walkable cities integrated with
public transport and cycling systemspublic transport and cycling systems
Eco-cities:Eco-cities:

66. RecommendationsRecommendations
 Assess theAssess the impacts of the buildingsimpacts of the buildings on occupantson occupants
and communities nearby using a combination ofand communities nearby using a combination of
assessment tools (Al-Waer and Clements-Croome 2010)assessment tools (Al-Waer and Clements-Croome 2010)
 Peoples behaviourPeoples behaviour has a large effect on thehas a large effect on the
consumption and the ways in which resources are usedconsumption and the ways in which resources are used
 Wireless sensor technologiesWireless sensor technologies are rapidly becomingare rapidly becoming
applicable in monitoring the performance of systems andapplicable in monitoring the performance of systems and
infrastructures besides increasing human awareness ofinfrastructures besides increasing human awareness of
their impact on systems performancetheir impact on systems performance
 Coherent data management systemsCoherent data management systems areare
important to give feedback on the performance ofimportant to give feedback on the performance of
different spaces in the building.different spaces in the building.

67. RecommendationsRecommendations
 Use aUse a whole life performancewhole life performance approach toapproach to
ensure that quality as well as whole life costs areensure that quality as well as whole life costs are
taken into accounttaken into account
 Aim forAim for simplicitysimplicity rather than complexity inrather than complexity in
operationoperation
 ConnectivityConnectivity is important so there isis important so there is
interoperabilityinteroperability between the infrastructures,between the infrastructures,
the systems and the people using themthe systems and the people using them
 Plan and design forPlan and design for flexibility andflexibility and
adaptability.adaptability.

68. RecommendationsRecommendations
 Think of the city and buildings within it asThink of the city and buildings within it as organismsorganisms
responding to human, social and environmental needsresponding to human, social and environmental needs
 Plan thePlan the facilities managementfacilities management so the city andso the city and
communities are cared forcommunities are cared for
 Design beyond the expectations defined inDesign beyond the expectations defined in
RegulationsRegulations
 Keep abreast of the relevant fields ofKeep abreast of the relevant fields of
knowledgeLearn from other sectors and disciplinesknowledgeLearn from other sectors and disciplines
 Learn from other sectors and disciplinesLearn from other sectors and disciplines
 Remember the city isRemember the city is a legacy for future generationsa legacy for future generations

69. The Systems IntegratorThe Systems Integrator
ensures all the stakeholders are integrated intoensures all the stakeholders are integrated into
the project, and needs the following skills:the project, and needs the following skills:
 experience ofexperience of how systems can behow systems can be
integratedintegrated;;
 anan ability to think strategically and ability to think strategically and
innovatively across disciplines;innovatively across disciplines;
logistic skillslogistic skills;;
 good leadership and communicationgood leadership and communication
skills.skills.
The choice of a systems integrator dependsThe choice of a systems integrator depends
on these skills rather than disciplineson these skills rather than disciplines..

70. Ten Rules for Building GreenTen Rules for Building Green
 VisionaryVisionary Design and PlanningDesign and Planning
 ChooseChoose Sustainable SiteSustainable Site
 AssessAssess ValueValue balancingbalancing QualityQuality andand Whole LifeWhole Life
CostCost
 Make Site Plan Work withMake Site Plan Work with Intelligent InfrastructuresIntelligent Infrastructures
 Landscape:Landscape: Green Roofs andGreen Roofs and Spaces.Spaces.
 Use EffectiveUse Effective Built FormBuilt Form
 Judicious Use ofJudicious Use of Technology as an EnablerTechnology as an Enabler
 Save and ManageSave and Manage Energy, Water, Waste andEnergy, Water, Waste and
PollutionPollution
 SelectSelect Low VOC MaterialsLow VOC Materials
 UseUse Green ConstructionGreen Construction
Lockwood, C., 2006, Building the Green Way, Harvard Business Review

71. UK GBC Vision of the FutureUK GBC Vision of the Future
www.ukgbc.org

73. Case StudiesCase Studies

74. Green Mega City: Lilypads byGreen Mega City: Lilypads by
Vincent CallebautVincent Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

75. These Lilypads are constructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2

76. Green Mega City: Lilypads byGreen Mega City: Lilypads by
Vincent CallebautVincent Callebaut
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

77. Green Mega City: LilypadsGreen Mega City: Lilypads
by Vincent Callebautby Vincent Callebaut
 Solar energy from paint containing solarSolar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticlesnanoparticles
 Clear water from desalinationClear water from desalination
 Robotic maintenanceRobotic maintenance
 Bubble HousesBubble Houses
 Phase change materials give temperature regulationPhase change materials give temperature regulation
 Hydroponic farmsHydroponic farms
 Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra musselsPlant water from sewage filtered via zebra mussels
 10 storey concrete tower with embedded10 storey concrete tower with embedded
photovoltaicsphotovoltaics
 Geothermal wells for heating/coolingGeothermal wells for heating/cooling
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

78. TheThe Arab World Institute in ParisArab World Institute in Paris
Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA)Institut du Monde Arabe(IMA)
By Jean NouvelBy Jean Nouvel
1981-19871981-1987
His first nationally recognised
project.
Received the Aga Khan Award
for Architecture 1987-1989.
Helped him to win the 1988
Grand Prix d’Architecture.

79. This grid elevation contain
240 units
16000 moving parts
Works like a lens of a camera
a mosaic-patterned block
a jewel
a precious clockwork
mechanism
- Maintenance
- Power
- Heat

80. MashrabyMashrabyyaya
Delicate exteriorelement
Cooling water
Shading
Filtration airfromdust
Privacy
Has several uses such as
curtain, airconditionerand refrigerator

83.  The unique use of high-tech photosensitiveThe unique use of high-tech photosensitive
mechanical devices made this buildingmechanical devices made this building
famous in 1987.famous in 1987.
 Nowadays its still widely known and hasn’tNowadays its still widely known and hasn’t
lost its futuristic impression butlost its futuristic impression but
 the facade system no longer works.the facade system no longer works.
Van PouckeVan Poucke on 31/ 01/ 2011, under on 31/ 01/ 2011, under HistoryHistory, ,
TechnologyTechnology : Kinetic Architecture.net: Kinetic Architecture.net

85. MATERIALS andMATERIALS and
SURFACE TREATMENTSSURFACE TREATMENTS

87. Plants and Air PurityPlants and Air Purity
 ArecaAreca PalmPalm converts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder heightconverts CO2 to O2-- need 4 shoulder height
plants per personplants per person
 Mother-in-Laws TongueMother-in-Laws Tongue converts CO2 to O2 during theconverts CO2 to O2 during the
night-- need 6-8 waist high plants per personnight-- need 6-8 waist high plants per person
 Money PlantMoney Plant absorbs formaldehyde and VOCsabsorbs formaldehyde and VOCs
 Plants can increase blood oxygen levels and decreasePlants can increase blood oxygen levels and decrease
building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches;building sickness symptons like eye irritations, headaches;
asthma; respiratory and lung problemsasthma; respiratory and lung problems
 Research carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,PaharpurResearch carried out by Kamal Meattle , CEO ,Paharpur
Business centre & Software Technology Incubator Park inBusiness centre & Software Technology Incubator Park in
New DelhiNew Delhi

88. UV PCOUV PCO
Photocatalytic Oxidation (PCO) or Photocatylisis is
the opposite
of photosynthesis.
PCO is a natural process whereby Ultra
Violet light energy reacts with the
mineral Titanium Dioxide (TiO2),
triggering a chemical process that safely
and instantly oxidizes or breaks up
organic matter at a molecular level.
As a catalyst, TiO2 continues to work
and is not consumed in the process.
www.pureti.co.uk

89. PURETi treated surfaces
work with nature to purify air
quality including:
Volatile Organic
Compounds (VOCs)
Smog incorporating NOx and
organic Particulate Matter.
Odours from methane –
such as tobacco smoke,
human and agricultural waste.
Methane /
Formaldehyde
Indoors on windows and
lighting
Outdoors on building
exteriors,
hardscapes, asphalt and
concrete.
Improving Air QualityImproving Air Quality
www.pureti.co.uk

90. PURETi helps restore and
maintain a healthy living
and working environments.
Clinically proven to reduce
the risk
of infection, allergies and
disease
Indoors on windows and
lighting
Outdoors on building
exteriors,
hardscapes, asphalt and
concrete.
Health and WellbeingHealth and Wellbeing
www.pureti.co.uk
Type 2 Approved Type 2 Medical Device

91. Beautiful architecture and
design can be protected
and easily maintained.
Entire streetscapes, from
buildings to signposts, road
markings to advertising
billboards, can be kept
cleaner for longer, ensuring
greater efficiency.
Protecting AestheticsProtecting Aesthetics
www.pureti.co.uk

92. SolarSolar
Not Treated
Treated
PURETI UV-PCO IS THE ANSWER!
One Application Works for 3-5 Years!
Uses Light to Clean – Not Chemicals!
Cuts Maintenance Cost and Time by >50%
NON COATED
Soiling de-rates PV solar
4%/25% Thermal Solar by up
to 50%
PURETi reduces soiling reducing
cleaning costs (50%) improving
output.
PURETi is also known to have
huge impacts on output in
extreme temperatures.
www.pureti.co.uk

93. Smog Eating ArchitectureSmog Eating Architecture
Dives in Misericordia
(Rome) by US Architect
Richard Meier.
Structure and sails were
constructed using
photocatalytic / active cement.
TiO2 was employed not only to
keep the building white but
also reduce air pollution.
www.pureti.co.uk

94. Il Duomo – Milan, ItalyIl Duomo – Milan, Italy
Il Duomo – Milan, Italy
Trial controlled by Professor
Claudia L. Bianchi; University.
of Milan, Chemistry
Department.
Trial of4 areas of the recently
cleaned Duomo – 2
sculptured reliefs located at
the base, a wall set in the
middle section and roof
panels.
www.pureti.co.uk

95. Phase Change MaterialsPhase Change Materials
The RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phaseThe RACUS® ceiling tile incorporates a bio-based phase
change material which captures and stores excess heatchange material which captures and stores excess heat
gains from within the building which reduces the need forgains from within the building which reduces the need for
air conditioning.air conditioning.
The phase change material is a composition ofThe phase change material is a composition of
vegetable oils and fatty acids which arevegetable oils and fatty acids which are
microencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell thatmicroencapsulated within an acrylic polymer shell that
are embedded within the ceiling tile.“are embedded within the ceiling tile.“
"RACUS"RACUS®® stands for Reducing Air Conditioning Unitsstands for Reducing Air Conditioning Units
and Systems.and Systems.

96. Microencapsulated Bio-based
PCM
VEGETABLE OIL
& FATTY ACID
PCM CORE
ACRYLIC POLYMER
SHELL

97. 2
8
2
6
2
4
2
0
1
8
Infra-red Thermal
Imaging
19°C
Room Temp.
with RACUS®
20°C22°C24°C20°C
Room Temp.
without
RACUS®
4°C

98. ""As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C,As the room temperature begins to reach 24°C,
the phase change material, which starts off in athe phase change material, which starts off in a
solid state, begins to melt within the shell andsolid state, begins to melt within the shell and
absorbs the excess latent heat from theabsorbs the excess latent heat from the
surrounding environment throughout the day.surrounding environment throughout the day.
As the room temperature cools to below 20°C,As the room temperature cools to below 20°C,
the phase change materials slowly begins tothe phase change materials slowly begins to
solidify and release the stored latent heat backsolidify and release the stored latent heat back
into the building. It performs through a naturalinto the building. It performs through a natural
passive process continually day after day, yearpassive process continually day after day, year
after year.“after year.“

99. GROUND SOURCEGROUND SOURCE
COOLINGCOOLING

100. Underground Thermal EnergyUnderground Thermal Energy
Storage; The PrincipleStorage; The Principle
 UTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involvesUTES is a system which utilises Interseasonal Heat Transfer (IHT). This involves
the storage of excess energythe storage of excess energy
 from summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of coolingfrom summer for use in winter heating applications, and the storage of cooling
potential from winterpotential from winter
 for free cooling in summer.for free cooling in summer.
•
Cool Store
•
Warm Store
Cooling Buildings
Warming Buildings
Heat Gain
Heat Losses
Free Cooling
Heat Pump

101. ATES - Aquifer Thermal EnergyATES - Aquifer Thermal Energy
StorageStorage

102. Environmental AspectsEnvironmental Aspects
of Masdar Cityof Masdar City
Keith CalderKeith Calder
of Norman Foster andof Norman Foster and
PartnersPartners

103. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
90% recycled
aluminium facade
reflecting light
Indirect light bounced
into apartment
Highly insulated fully sealed
façade
GRC elements and
mashrabiya screens
provide protection from
direct sunlight
Undulated balconies
provide privacy and
shading
GRC with low thermal mass
Fast responsive system cooling
down very quickly to reduce
heat gain
Residential Façade – Concept and PerformanceResidential Façade – Concept and Performance

104. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Student Accommodation – Façade DesignStudent Accommodation – Façade Design
Solar Screens
Low Thermal Mass
Patterned screens
provide privacy
control
Ventilated Cavity
Double skin avoids
convection gain
Recycled Aluminium
Reflects light to street
High thermal
conductivity -
cools down quickly
Highly Insulated
U-Value
0.19 W/m2
K
Highly Sealed
3m3
/m2
/hr

105. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
ETFE cushions filter direct
sunlight and mirror finish foil
reflects the light into the public
realm
Windows located where
required for views and daylight
Highly insulated and fully sealed
façade
Lightweight ETFE cushions
absorb energy to avoid heat
radiating back into the street
Passive shading devices to
eliminate direct solar gain
Indirect light
bounced into research spaces
Laboratory Facade – Concept and PerformanceLaboratory Facade – Concept and Performance

106. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Laboratory – Facade DesignLaboratory – Facade Design
Solar Shading
Glare free daylight
and solar control
Positioned to
maintain views
out
ETFE cushions
Low Thermal
Mass
Lightweight
Non-stick coating
Lightweight
Frame
Air gap for
heat buffer
Reflective Foil
Light to narrow
streets
Heat rejection
layer
Highly Insulated
U-Value
0.19 W/m2
K
Highly Sealed
3m3
/m2
/hr

107. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Laboratory FaçadeLaboratory Façade
– Prototype Offsite Testing– Prototype Offsite Testing
CWCT Test Methods for Curtain Walling
CWTC = Centre for Window and Cladding
Technology
• Air Infiltration test
• Static water pressure test
• Dynamic water pressure test
• Wind serviceability test
(deflections)
• Wind safety load test
(strength)
• Hose test

108. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Abu Dhabi – Typical StreetAbu Dhabi – Typical Street
Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature

109. Abu Dhabi is not very successful atAbu Dhabi is not very successful at
controlling microclimate. As seen incontrolling microclimate. As seen in
the images , the temperaturesthe images , the temperatures
sensed and surface temperaturessensed and surface temperatures
are well above the traditionalare well above the traditional
thermal comfort range. There arethermal comfort range. There are
various reasons for this.various reasons for this.

110. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Abu Dhabi – Typical StreetAbu Dhabi – Typical Street
Asphalt
57°C
Radiant temperature 52°C39°C Air temperature
Building
38°C
20°C 50°C

111. Presence of cars as heat sources andPresence of cars as heat sources and
ubiquitous presence of asphalts lead toubiquitous presence of asphalts lead to
ground surface temperatures above 50ground surface temperatures above 50
deg C. We measured 51.6 C at middaydeg C. We measured 51.6 C at midday
in September. They would be possiblyin September. They would be possibly
higher in mid summer months!higher in mid summer months!

112. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Courtyard - Pool of Coolness

113. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Courtyard- Pool of Coolness
20°C 50°C
Dry ground (shade)
33°C
Wet ground (shade)
27°C

114. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Street ComparisonStreet Comparison
Hamdan Street, Central Abu Dhabi
Masdar City, Abu Dhabi

115. Environmental Design Response │ March 2012
Street ComparisonStreet Comparison
20°C 50°C
39°C Air temperature
Ground Surface Temperature
57°C
Radiant Temperature
37°C
Ground Surface Temperature
33°C
Radiant Temperature
52°C

116. The Camels NoseThe Camels Nose

118. To keep sand from blowingTo keep sand from blowing
into their noses, camelsinto their noses, camels
can shut their nostrils.can shut their nostrils.
When there is no sandWhen there is no sand
blowing in the wind, ablowing in the wind, a
camel can open its nostrilscamel can open its nostrils
(A)(A) and breathe through itsand breathe through its
nose.nose.
When the wind starts to whipWhen the wind starts to whip
up the sand, the camel justup the sand, the camel just
closes its nosecloses its nose (B)(B)..
http://www.allsinai.info/sites/fauna/camel.ht

120.  The camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and aThe camel's nose acts as both a humidifier and a
dehumidifier with every breathing cycle.dehumidifier with every breathing cycle.
 The hot, dry air that isThe hot, dry air that is inhaledinhaled passes over the large area ofpasses over the large area of
moist membrane. This air is immediatelymoist membrane. This air is immediately humidifiedhumidified byby
picking up moisture from the nose and cooled in thepicking up moisture from the nose and cooled in the
process,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains atprocess,. This cooler air passes to the lungs and remains at
approximately body temperature.approximately body temperature.
 When it isWhen it is exhaledexhaled, it is cooled even further by passing over, it is cooled even further by passing over
the same nasal membranes, this time by a process ofthe same nasal membranes, this time by a process of
dehumidifyingdehumidifying instead of humidifying. The nasal membranesinstead of humidifying. The nasal membranes
are coated with a special water-absorbing substance thatare coated with a special water-absorbing substance that
extracts the moisture from the air like the cooling coils of aextracts the moisture from the air like the cooling coils of a
dehumidifier.dehumidifier.
 A net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost throughA net savings of 68 percent in the water usually lost through
respiration occurs just between the cooling and dryingrespiration occurs just between the cooling and drying

122. Vertical gardenVertical garden
cities and buildingscities and buildings
EDIBLE ARCHITECTUREEDIBLE ARCHITECTURE

123. DNA-inspired twistingDNA-inspired twisting
Agora GardenAgora Garden
underway in Taipeiunderway in Taipei
City by VincentCity by Vincent
CallebautCallebaut

128. Asian Cairns in ShenzhenAsian Cairns in Shenzhen
by Vincentby Vincent CallebautCallebaut 20132013
Six buildings on 70 acres produce theirSix buildings on 70 acres produce their
own food and generate energy using PVown food and generate energy using PV
solar and axial wind turbines.solar and axial wind turbines.
Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses.Each ‘pebble’ can be for different uses.
Orchards, vegetablesOrchards, vegetables and gardens areand gardens are
planted within and outside the buildingsplanted within and outside the buildings

133. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
 Cybertecture New form ArchitectureCybertecture New form Architecture
James Law Cybertecture DesignsJames Law Cybertecture Designs
Technosphere The Capital The Vasukamal
(The Fountain Head)

138. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
Profile:
Location: Mumbai, India
Purpose: Office Building
Completion date: End of 2010
Organization: James Law Cybertecture company

139. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
 Intelligent building Management SystemIntelligent building Management System
-Use of control and automation services-Use of control and automation services
-Achieve the best interior and exterior-Achieve the best interior and exterior
building performancebuilding performance
-Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction-Responding to the occupants’ satisfaction
regarding to the building performanceregarding to the building performance

140. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
 shape of the buildingshape of the building
visual sensevisual sense
 intangible materialsintangible materials
 High space flexibilityHigh space flexibility

141. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
 Sky GardensSky Gardens
-Structure used to protect-Structure used to protect
the building, by enablingthe building, by enabling
sun shading and providingsun shading and providing
a refreshing atmospherea refreshing atmosphere
to the building.to the building.
- Use of solar PV and windUse of solar PV and wind
turbine system at the rooftopturbine system at the rooftop

142. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
 Intelligent glass facade systemIntelligent glass facade system
-approximately 15% less surface area than-approximately 15% less surface area than
conventional buildingsconventional buildings
-glass panels Solar gain-glass panels Solar gain
Heat gainHeat gain
-Stress mitigation-Stress mitigation
--

143. Cybertecture Egg-ShapedCybertecture Egg-Shaped
BuildingBuilding
 Indoor comfortIndoor comfort
- “Best space to work in”- “Best space to work in”
J.L. CybertectureJ.L. Cybertecture
- ‘‘Cybertecture Health’Cybertecture Health’
providesprovides
 Interactive featuresInteractive features
Presents people’s healthPresents people’s health
statistics such as bloodstatistics such as blood
pressure and weightpressure and weight

144. CARBON POSITIVECARBON POSITIVE
BUILDINGSBUILDINGS
Arificial Leaf canArificial Leaf can
generate hydrogengenerate hydrogen

145. DDanan NNoceraocera atat HarvardHarvard

146. HHydrogenydrogen PProductionroduction inin
LLeaveseaves

147. AArtificialrtificial LLeafeaf MMechanismechanism
UUsingsing SSunlightunlight andand WWaterater

148. HHydrogenydrogen PProducingroducing
FFaçadeaçade
 A WA Waterater WWallall withwith AArtificialrtificial LLeaveseaves
IImmersedmmersed WWithinithin
 SSunlightunlight RRadiatesadiates CCausingausing RReactioneaction
 HHydrogenydrogen PProducedroduced

149. Hydrogen Producing ArtificialHydrogen Producing Artificial
Leaf FacadeLeaf Facade

150. RecommendationRecommendation
ss

151. Tenets for IntelligentTenets for Intelligent
BuildingsBuildings
 Plan and design with an Plan and design with an Integrated TeamIntegrated Team
so that clients, consultants, contractors, so that clients, consultants, contractors,
facilities managers all develop a commitmentfacilities managers all develop a commitment
to the project and want to fulfil theto the project and want to fulfil the
environmental, social and economic aims.environmental, social and economic aims.
 Systems and holistic thinkingSystems and holistic thinking
are key.are key.

152.  Assess the Assess the impactsimpacts of the buildings on of the buildings on
occupants and communities nearby.occupants and communities nearby.
 Occupants Occupants
behaviourbehaviour has a large effect on the has a large effect on the
consumption of energy and water so try toconsumption of energy and water so try to
increase awareness of occupants to theincrease awareness of occupants to the
impact of their actions on impact of their actions on
resources.resources.

153.  Aim to increase theAim to increase the built asset valuebuilt asset value
for the organisationfor the organisation
 UnderstandUnderstand users perceptionsusers perceptions::
understand the physical and psychologicalunderstand the physical and psychological
well-being.well-being.
 Design for FlexibleDesign for Flexible andand agile spaceagile space
 Provide Individual controlProvide Individual control ofof
environmental conditionsenvironmental conditions

154.  Use smart meteringUse smart metering but but wirelesswireless
sensor technologysensor technology becoming applicablebecoming applicable
in building operation for personal use by conin building operation for personal use by con
sumers. sumers.
 Develop data management systemsDevelop data management systems
to give feedback on the performance of to give feedback on the performance of
spaces in the building.spaces in the building.
 Understand theUnderstand the interactioninteraction between thebetween the
building, systems and the occupantsbuilding, systems and the occupants
 Commission pre-occupancyCommission pre-occupancy andand post-post-
occupancy evaluationoccupancy evaluation are vital.are vital.

155.  Use a Use a whole life valuewhole life value approach to approach to
ensure ensure qualitquality and y and whole life costswhole life costs consi consi
dered.dered.
 Aim forAim for simplicitysimplicity rather than complexity in rather than complexity in
operation.operation.
 Think about Think about well-being and freshnesswell-being and freshness
besides comfort andbesides comfort and
 considerconsider all the sensesall the senses and how air, view, and how air, view,
daylight, sound, colour ,greenery and spacedaylight, sound, colour ,greenery and space
affect us in the workplace.affect us in the workplace.

156. ConnectivityConnectivity is important for is important for
 InteroperabilityInteroperability not only between the not only between the
systems and the building but also betweensystems and the building but also between
the occupant and the buildingthe occupant and the building
 Design for Design for flexibility and adaptabilityflexibility and adaptability

157.  Think of an Intelligent Building as anThink of an Intelligent Building as an
organismorganism
responding to human and environmental needs but responding to human and environmental needs but
also one that needs to “breathe”also one that needs to “breathe”
through the facade between the external andthrough the facade between the external and
internal environments.internal environments.
 The The façadefaçade transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise, transfers light, solar radiation, air, noise,
and moisture but also links occupants to and moisture but also links occupants to
the outside world so intelligent or smart facades the outside world so intelligent or smart facades
allow these aspects to be controlled in a way allow these aspects to be controlled in a way
which is functional but alsowhich is functional but also
 Design environment to be enjoyableDesign environment to be enjoyable
to those working and living inside the building.to those working and living inside the building.

158.  Balance efficiency with effectiveness.Balance efficiency with effectiveness.
An air supply system for example can deliverAn air supply system for example can deliver
the “right” amount of air to a space andthe “right” amount of air to a space and
be deemed efficient butbe deemed efficient but
may not be effective in the space because itmay not be effective in the space because it
has no impact on the breathing zonehas no impact on the breathing zone
where the people are.where the people are.
 Plan Plan facilities managementfacilities management so the buildin so the buildin
g is cared forg is cared for

159.  Design beyond the expectations
defined in Regulations.
 Keep abreast of relevant fields of
knowledge and innovation.
 Learn from other sectors and disciplines
 Develop an integrated approach to education
to meet sustainable agenda

160. FUTURESFUTURES
 Carbon negative buildings like artificial leafCarbon negative buildings like artificial leaf
hydrogen generating facades alsohydrogen generating facades also
 algae biofuel facadesalgae biofuel facades
 Green living facadesGreen living facades
 Applications of biomimeticsApplications of biomimetics
 Smart materials for reactiveSmart materials for reactive
facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes ,facades;embedded sensors, nanotubes ,
graphenegraphene
 Application of nanotechnologiesApplication of nanotechnologies
 Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assemblymaintenance and site assembly

161. FUTURESFUTURES
 Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,Robotics for prefabrication, cleaning,
maintenance and site assemblymaintenance and site assembly
 Fully integrated interoperable systemsFully integrated interoperable systems
 Buildings into smart grid systemBuildings into smart grid system
 Wireless Sensor Technology linkingWireless Sensor Technology linking
climate, building, systems and occupantsclimate, building, systems and occupants
 Innovation with respect for passive lowInnovation with respect for passive low
technologytechnology
 New culture of value, systems and holisticNew culture of value, systems and holistic
thinking and visionthinking and vision

162. Bio Intelligent Quotient building byBio Intelligent Quotient building by
Arup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 yearsArup/Splitterwerk £4.8m 3 years
129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades129 Algae louvred tanks SE/SW facades
Algae +nutrients+CO2+sunlightAlgae +nutrients+CO2+sunlight
Algae harvested and processed for biogasAlgae harvested and processed for biogas
Also shades buildingAlso shades building
Solar heat used tooSolar heat used too
BIQ Algae PoweredBIQ Algae Powered
Building Hamburg 2013Building Hamburg 2013

164. BIQ Algae PoweredBIQ Algae Powered
Building Hamburg 2013Building Hamburg 2013

165. GRAPHENEGRAPHENE
 Carbon atomic scale honeycomb latticeCarbon atomic scale honeycomb lattice
 Lightest strongest and stiffest substanceLightest strongest and stiffest substance
knownknown
 Can self repairCan self repair
 Many applicationsMany applications

166. GRAPHENE LAYERGRAPHENE LAYER

167. WHAT WE CALL THEWHAT WE CALL THE
BEGINNING IS OFTEN THEBEGINNING IS OFTEN THE
ENDEND
AND TO MAKE AN END IS TOAND TO MAKE AN END IS TO
MAKE A BEGINNINGMAKE A BEGINNING
THE END IS WHERE WETHE END IS WHERE WE
START FROMSTART FROM
T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDINGT.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING