Prof Derek Clements-Croome -Sustainable intelligent buildings for people

Hong Kong University
Polytechnic
14 June 2011
Prof. Derek Clements-Croome
The University of Reading
www.derekcroome.com
Sustainable Intelligent
Buildings for People

Integration
Sustainability adds Value
People
Processes
Innovation
Products (Systems)
Case Studies
Recommendations

Occupant
Observer / passer by
External environment
Building
Internal environment
Buildings, Environment &
People

Integration
People
Product
(Systems)
Process

Effective integration
ensures processes and
products (systems)
work effectively for
people.

Principles of Integrated
System Design
Elliot (2009) and The Royal Academy of Engineering

Technology and Integration
design and installation;
commissioning and
post-occupancy evaluation;
operation and maintenance;
up- grading technology.

Barriers to Systems
Integration
 speed of innovation; technology
becomes outdated quickly;
 interoperability across systems; and
 the operational availability of the
systems; reliability is vital if expensive
downtime is to be avoided.

Integrated Open Systems
Approach
 gives annual life cycle costs of 57p/m2,
compared with 90p/m2 for a traditional
approach because of
 lower operating costs due to faster
maintenance and upgrades
 Whole life cycle costs saving 4.5%
Report for the Converged Building Technologies Group by Bowen (2005)

Effective Integration
 Documentary evidence on integrated
processes;
 Proven and tested processes to be
adapted and used on other similar
projects;
 Auditing and monitoring processes;
 a Unity of Vision between consultants,
contractors, manufacturers and facilities
managers.

The 5 C’s help to achieve the 5 E’s:
Communication
Consultation
Cooperation
Coordination+
Creativity
Effectiveness
Efficiency
Efficacy
Economy+
Expresssion
Integration

The Systems Integrator
ensures all the stakeholders are integrated
into the project, and needs the following
skills:
 experience of how systems can be
integrated;
 an ability to think strategically
and innovatively across disciplines;
logistic skills;
 good leadership and communication skills.
The choice of a systems integrator depends
on these skills rather than disciplines.

Sustainability
Risk or Opportunity?
 Can you afford to be sustainable?
– (Perceived) higher build cost
 Can you afford not to be sustainable?
– Taxes
– Penalties
– Rising prices
– A changing environment
– Occupier awareness
– Increasing legislation
– Shareholder pressure
– New investment opportunities
– Capital value - ‘two tier market’
Hirigoyen J., 2009, Trends in responsible property, Jones Lang LaSalle

LEED Rated Buildings
 cost 6% more to build;
 have occupancy rates over 4%
higher;
 command 2-6% higher rents;
 save 10-50% in energy consumption;
 decreased operating costs;
 increased building value 10% in 2008
Hirigoyen (2009) ;Bernstein and Russo (2010)

Perceived Business Benefits of
Green Building Increasing
Expected
Increase by
Building
Owners
2005 2008
Decreased Operating Cost 8.9% 13.6% 5%+ (3 years)
Increased Building Values 7.5% 10.9% 11
Improvement in ROI 6.6% 9.9% 5%+ (3 years)
Increased Occupancy 3.5% 6.4% 11% (1 year)
Rent Rise 3.0% 6.1%
Capital Cost Increase - -
Bernstein H and Russo M, 2009. McGraw Hill Construction

Do Green Buildings Really
Cost More?
Capital E Group and Lawrence Berkeley
studied 100 green buildings concluded:
LEED rated green buildings have
$60/sqft financial benefits
more than 10x benefit of additional
construction cost
(energy/water/productivity/health)
Sarah Daly, 2010, Heath Avery Architects

 sick building syndrome
 overheated, under-ventilated, artificial
lighting
 high energy use - expensive
 increased requirement for agency staff
 less money to spend on front-line
 lower patient satisfaction
This costs the NHS billions
Outcomes of Poor
Environments
Sarah Daly, 2010, Heath Avery Architects

Smart Benefits
 Reduced energy consumption
 Lower utility bills
 Lower emissions
 Lower capital costs from increased
equipment life
 Decreased unplanned downtime
 Lower risk of equipment failure
 Reduction in overtime labour costs
e on 2010

Empire State Building
The plan is to:
 reduce energy consumption by 38%;
 achieve annual savings of $4.4 m;
 reduce carbon emissions by 105,000
metric tons over 15 years;
 project completion in 2 years.
Hirigoyen (2009)

Empire State Building
Cost $13.2 million with payback in
3 yrs - through energy &
operational savings
Serve as a global model for owners
of existing buildings
Hirigoyen J., 2009, Trends in responsible property, Jones Lang LaSalle
Integrated Sustainability Refurbishment
Programme

Environmental Design
Affects
Well-Being of People

www.t-mac.co.uk lisa@t-mac.co.uk
What drives human behaviour ?
• Consumerism = more demand on our
working conditions
• Fashion/popular culture
• Rise of the comfort expectations
Integrating Human
Behaviour with Buildings
and Systems Performance

www.t-mac.co.uk lisa@t-mac.co.uk
Building users now IT literate and demand local
control but can:
• change control strategies by overriding local
controllers
• let a/c run at the same time as heating
• forget to change time-clocks for day light saving
or bank holidays
• prop windows and doors open
• run industrial machinery inefficiently
Integrating Human
Behaviour with Buildings
and Systems Performance

 Low carbon buildings can be
unsustainable if the human needs are
neglected
 Healthier buildings are automatically
low carbon
 but not all low carbon buildings are
healthy workplaces

 Overheated buildings are wasteful,
uncomfortable and lower productivity
 Each deg C rise is about 8% in
energy terms in UK
 Air Quality and Temperature Equally
Important
 Emphasise Well-being and Freshness
rather than Comfort

Improved People Performance
in Green Buildings?
 Sickness Absence is reduced
 Natural light and ventilation increase
accuracy, concentration .health and well-
being ,happiness, attitudes...
 Productivity gains of up to 6-16% often
cited
Journal Property Management /Rocky Mountain
Institute/Pennsylvania Power and LightSarah Daly, 2010, Heath Avery Architects

Saves Energy
Care
of People
Leaner and Fresher
Environments
Greener

Environments Conducive to
Health and Well-being
 A fresh thermal environment
 Ventilation rates to provide fresh air
with good distribution and
acceptable levels of CO2
 Good natural lighting

 Minimal lighting glare from within and
external to the space
 Spatial planning and settings to suit
various types of working
 Ergonomic work places so as to
minimise muscular-skeletal disorders
 Minimum pollution from external
sources including noise

Does Environment Affect
Learning ?
 Learning in primary school children is
affected by CO2 levels
 78% of head teachers think there is a
clear link between the quality of school
design and levels of pupil attainment
 Williams (2005) reported a similar
conclusion for 12 primary schools
assessed using the Building Quality
Assessment method.

Mean CO2 concentrations (±SD) according to the experimental conditions
during the computerized performance tests in16 classrooms at 8 schools
* For Schools 1-3 no recirculation was made; the low ventilation condition was obtained by
leaving the windows in closed position
Bakó-Biró Z, Kochhar N, Clements-Croome D J., et al., 2008, Ventilation Rates in Schools and Pupil’s Performance Using Computerised Assessment Test, Indoor Air Copenhagen
Research at University of Reading

Effect of Ventilation on Pupil
Performance and Learning
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
Simple RT Choice RT Col Word
Vig.
Picture
memory
Word
recognition
RelativePerformance
Re-circulated Air Fresh Air Supply
215 - 230 pupils
Clements-Croome DJ. Bako-Biro Z at al., 2008, Ventilation Rates in Schools Report

Ventilation Rate vs.
Relative Performance
10 classes
0.90
0.95
1.00
1.05
1.10
1.15
1.20
1.25
1.30
0 2 4 6 8 10
RelativePerformance
L/s per person
Simp_RT
Choice_RT
Colour_Wd
Pic_Mem
Word_Rec
Clements-Croome DJ. Bako-Biro Z at al., 2008, Ventilation Rates in Schools Report

 A ‘slightly fresh’ environment as judged on
a seven point scale very stale(-3) to very
fresh (+3) by a sample of 228 UK office
workers in 23 offices required a fresh air
rate of 2.2 l/s per person at 20C, 6.3 at
25C .
 Environments judged as ‘fairly’ to ‘very
fresh ‘would need higher amounts of fresh
air as would spaces with higher
occupation densities such as schools or
auditoria.

Fresh Air Requirements FA
( l/s per person) and Air
Temperature Ta (deg C) for
Slightly Fresh Environments
Ln(FA) = 0.2085 Ta -- 3.37
with air temperature range 21.5---25.5C,
44--60% relative humidity for 10%
people dissatisfied
Clements-Croome (1996 and 2008)

Benchmarking Quality of
Buildings and Educational
Achievements in Kent Primary
Schools
Low High
HighBQAScore
Educational Achievement
Williams, 2005

Whole Life Value Cost Ratios
Design & Construction (X)
Facilities Management (Y)
Utilisation (Z)
Z >> Y > X
e.g. 80 : 8 : 1
Wu & Clements-Croome, 2004

How to Design for the Senses
Protopapas, Polyvios, 2011, CEMIB2 Assignment

Soft Landings Framework
Stage 1 Inception and briefing
Stage 2 Design development and review
Stage 3 Pre-handover
Stage 4 Initial aftercare
Stage 5 Years 1-3 Extended aftercare and POE
Soft Landings Framework, BSRIA BG 4/2009The

 the connectivity of the supply chain
processes from brief to disposal;
 sustainability, using BREEAM or another
sustainability assessment tool at each
phase of the building life cycle; and
Whole-life Business Model
Represents the Whole-life to
attain Sustainable Performance

 function, performance and value,
using Building Quality Assessment and
the Design Quality Indicator for example,
to make a quality assessment and
 post occupancy evaluation so that
long term feedback is obtained by
measuring factors which relate to the
occupant, the systems and the building.

Source: Joseph Jacobsen, Organizational and Individual Innovation Diffusion
Global Innovation Outlook 2004, IBM, p.6

School bus in India
School bus in Japan
School bus in Japan

Technology Hype Cycle
Source http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hype_cycle
 New technologies are over hyped by the media
and businesses.
 A hype cycle is a graphic representation of the
maturity, adoption and business application of
specific technologies.

Technology Hype Cycle -
2009
Source http://www.gartner.com/

Pressures of Climate Change
Increasing CO2 levels
Increasing World Population

Estimated economic mitigation potential by sector and region
using technologies and practices expected to be available in
2030. The potentials do not include non-technical options
such as lifestyle changes
IPCC Fourth Assessment Report: Climate Change 2007

The power of the sun, 2010, Sullzer Technical Review,1 page 20

Technology Map 2007 onwards
UK Input into the Research Agenda for the E2B European Initiative, 17th March 2009 Marta Fernandez. Arup

Phovoltaic Solar Cells
Source Cost
($ per kWh)
Solar PV
Wind
Natural Gas
0.30 (current)
0.02 (25 years)
0.05
0.03
Generation Characteristic
First
Second
Third
Single crystal of silicon
18% efficiency
Silicon thin films
Other components such as cadmium telluride
< 18% efficiency
Quantum dot or nano crystals
Efficiency 48%
Quantum –well solar cell and
Dye sanitised solar cell
Cartlidge E, July 2007, Bright outlook for solar cells, Physics World Vol 20 No 7

Solar Charging Clothing
Portable solar chargers like the U-Powered solar charger
from Kiwi Choice are a handy way to keep mobile devices
like smartphones, cameras and media players topped up
with electricity while on the go. GO Solar Power comprises a
range of clothing items that feature pockets to house solar
panels to charge up mobile electronic devices.

Liquid Foam Makes for
Smarter Greenhouses
Canadian company Sunarc has a developed a new liquid
foam shading system that mimics cloud cover to
automatically shade greenhouses. As the liquid foam filters
the sunlight, it reduces solar radiation and controls
temperature, but doesn’t deprive the plants of vital light
spectra they require for photosynthesis.

Streetlight Trees
Taiwanese scientists have created trees that could
function as streetlights. They infused the leaves of
Bacopa Caroliniana with gold nanoparticles which causes
the chlorophyll to produce a reddish luminescence.

Bacteria Heal Cracks in Walls
Researchers have designed bacteria that can
produce a special glue to knit together cracks in
concrete structures.

Fujitsu Converts Heat and Light into
Electricity with a Single Device
Fujitsu Laboratories today announced a two-in-one energy harvesting
device that can convert both light and heat into electricity. With no
electrical wiring or batteries to replace, Fujitsu says that this sort of
device can be manufactured from organic materials keeping costs to a
minimum

3D-Printed Sand Microclimates to
Cool Public Places
Taking a leaf from traditional Islamic architecture
that dealt with the harsh desert climate with
Mashrabiyas – a projecting latticework window
that provides shade from the hot sun while
allowing cool air from the street to flow through –
London-based design firm PostlerFeruson has
designed a kind of three dimensional Mashrabiya
that can cool the immediate area in an energy-
free way

Nanotechnology and
New Materials

 Intelligent facades
 Self Cleaning concrete
 Self Healing concrete
 Low carbon concrete (Novacem)
 Lightweight stronger concrete with
nanotubes
 Plastic electronics
 Low energy lighting
Some Developments

Carbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules with novel
properties that make them potentially useful in a wide variety
of applications. They exhibit extraordinary strength and
unique electrical properties, and are efficient conductors of
heat.

Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a smooth
surface may be used as an anti-adhesive coating for
windows or spectacle lenses
Annabelle Hett, Small matter many unknowns, Ingenia, march 2005, issue 22,

UltraSmallSolarCell
Plastic Solar Cell

Bio-inspired
Architecture
Jeronimidis, G, 2007, The University of Reading
Longitudinal section through the nest
of Macroternes bellicosus from Ivory
Coast. Air is circulated by buoyancy.

Drawings above show the
architectural images of
the envisioned structure.
Gilder, J., Clements-Croome .D. J., 201, Bio
inspired Intelligent Design for the Future of
Buildings CIB World Congress May 2010

- Derived inspiration – the
eye structure of the moth.
- Microscopic view of a
schematic membrane with
impregnations on its outer
surface created for
increasing its exposed
surface area.
Gilder, J., Clements-Croome .D. J., 201, Bio inspired Intelligent Design
for the Future of Buildings CIB World Congress May 2010
A cross sectional sketch of the proposed
photovoltaic cell over the membrane
absorbing sunrays from all directions.

Fibre optic sensor embedded in
composite structural element
Gilder, J., Clements-Croome .D. J., 201, Bio inspired Intelligent Design for the Future of Buildings
CIB World Congress May 2010
A virtual analysis of the model for this project
showing the encapsulated routings of the heating
and cooling network within the base material of
the structure.

SENSORY WORLD
Embedded Sensors in Buildings,
Equipment and Clothing

BSN architecture with wirelessly linked context-aware “on
body” (external) sensors and integration with home,
working, and hospital environments.

Occupants lifestyle affect
energy consumption
Embedded sensors help
increase occupant’s
awareness and help them to
save money and society save
energy

Systems Performance and
Human Reaction
Building and
Environmental Systems
People
Physiological Judgement
(Sense diary)
Objective Data
Comparator
Profiling Differences
Facilities Management System

+ TEMPERATURE -
+ LIGHT -
+ SOUND -
+ AIR QUALITY -
AUTOMATIC
DAY
HOUR
MINUTES
Programming Automatic Manual
10:38 24oC 22oC
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
TEMPERATURE AIR QUALITY
LIGHT SOUND
Automatic
Thu
Touch sense mode for
recording judgement
For setting the
time and date
To select the
automatic mode
Day of the week
Touch display
The actual room condition
Room conditionSense Mode
Time, and date record
Sense Diary
Evaluation of Environmental Conditions by Occupants
Clements-Croome, Inaugural Lecture 1989

Body SensorsArmband
Ear Clip
Plaster
Headset

Motion
Heat flux
Temperature
Galvanic skin response
Heart rate
CO2 partial pressure
Blood CO2
Brain rhythms
Mood and stress
Sensors Measure

Agent System
Sensor
input
Actuator
control
Agent System
People:
occupants
People:
facilities
manager etc
environment
data
occupancy
data
settings
Prof Kecheng Liu, Dr Penny Noy

Using Electrical Energy of Human Body
Times, July 14, p.40, World News, 2005

HUMAN SENSORY
INTERFACES
Body Movements
Body Electricity
Gesture Recognition
Personalisation

M-Dress by Adam
Chang works with a
standard SIM card.
When the dress
rings, you raise your
hand to your head to
answer the call.
http://www.thestar.com/living/Fashion/article/529211
jumpsuit with built-in iPod control and
pocket
The Hug Shirt™ is a
Bluetooth accessory for Java
enabled mobile phones
KineticDress is a
Victorian inspired
evening gown reactive
to the wearer’s
activities and mood.
Mystique (the shape shifter): dress
changes shape and length during the
course of an evening
Accessory Nerve is a Bluetooth mono-
sleeve accessory for mobile phones that
changes pattern (creating pleats on the
fabric) when a user receives phone calls
Embedded Theater) is a system
that allows to interactively
navigate audio-augmented
environments and create mobile
storytelling experiences

Fibres could Generate
Electricity from Body Motion
 Trousers generate enough
electricity to power a portable
electronic device or to charge a
mobile phone.
 Each fibre consist of millions of
zinc-oxide nanowires grown
onto longer strands of Kevlar.
 A fabric made of the material
could generate 80 mWm-2
Physics World Vol 21, No 3 March 08

Thermoelectric
Boots
http://www.gizmag.com

Thermoelectric Boots
Charge Your Mobile Phone
Plug your phone into the power output at
the top of the welly and use the energy
that has been generated throughout the
day to charge your phone.
The power collected in the ‘power
generating sole’ is collected via a process
known as the ‘Seebeck’ effect that sees
temperature differences converted directly
into electricity.

Advantages of Greening
 Cooling Effect
 Increased Insulation
 Aesthetics
 Increased Recreation Areas
 Reduced Heat Island Effect

Other Ideas
 Algae covered buildings to absorb
CO2
 Bioluminescent Trees to street light
with no electricity

Green Design Sets a
Second Skin
StudioDosi's design is wrapped in a layer of climbing vegetation
StudioDosi Parma, Italy'

New Offices In Parma
 Double Glazed Skin
 Outer Green Vegetable Skin
 Wind Tower Air Extract
 Waste Water Collected
 Geothermal Power
 Photovoltaics

Biowall at the University of Guelph-Humber, Toronto.
Biowall schematic. Air from the room is
cleaned by drawing it through the wet
plant-covered surface. The clean air is then
returned to the room
Earls Court
Moar, P. and Guthrie, P. (2006) Biocomponents: bringing life to engineering Ingenia - Journal of the Royal
Academy of Engineering, 27 . pp. 24-30. ISSN 1472-9768

Spider Web Inspires Fibres
for Industry

A near-perfect water-repelling surface is
essentially a self-cleaning one, as water
picks up dirt before rolling off.
That could make the new development
ideal for food packaging, windows or even
solar cells that need to stay clean for
maximum efficiency perfect” water-
repelling surface
Spider Inspiration

Moar, P. and Guthrie, P. (2006) Biocomponents: bringing life to engineering Ingenia - Journal of the Royal
Academy of Engineering, 27 . pp. 24-30. ISSN 1472-9768

The Importance of being
Virtual
Savings
– Capital costs –fewer servers, less hardware investment
– Running costs –less floor space, less air conditioning costs;
potential software savings.
Improved IT services
– IT staff will be able to achieve results in a fraction of the time
they used to take
– No mundane maintenance and catch-up
– Private cloud options: one example, already used in some
installations, is to provide development machines on licence
Raconteuron, 100% virtualisation, March 2, 2010

Smart Grids and Intelligent Buildings
Evaluate Means to Facilitate Next Generation Infrastructure
CABA, Intelligent Buildings Road Map, 2011,IBRM Webinar, March 9,

Network Science
 Complex systems are networks
 Network visualisation enables--- system
interaction ; emergent properties and
behaviour---studies
 Nature and society often follow a power law
distribution
C.Hidalgo (Harvard University), Physics World,December 200

Hierarchical Structure of the
Internet
Tangled web: The image shows the
hierarchical structure of the Internet,
based on the connections between
individual nodes (such as service
providers). Three distinct regions are
apparent: an inner core of highly
connected nodes, an outer periphery of
isolated networks, and a mantle-like mass
of peer-connected nodes. The bigger the
node, the more connections it has. Those
nodes that are closest to the center are
connected to more well-connected nodes
than are those on the periphery.
Lanet-vi program of I. Alvarez-Hamelin et
al.

Mimicking the
process by which
plants use the power
of sunlight to split
water and make
chemical fuel to
power their growth
MIT researchers
have created a virus-
templated catalyst
solution to harness
energy from water
Dominick Reuter

A microbial fuel cell or biological
fuel cell is a bio-electrochemical
system that drives a current by
mimicking bacterial interactions
found in Nature.

Innovations
PROCESSES
 Whole Life Value
 From Planning to Recycling
 Logistic support Analysis
 Sustainability Rating Tools
 Soft Landings Framework
 Optimisation Processes
 Network Science for Systems Interactions

Innovations
PEOPLE
 Biophilia
 Well-being Studies
 Personalisation
 Environment and Work Performance
 Information overload
 Spaces for working

Innovations
PRODUCTS/SYSTEMS
 Wireless Sensor Networks/Wi-Fi Chips
 Body Sensitive Architecture
 Cloud Computing
 Networked Worlds
 Low Power Lighting
 Renewables and Energy
 Water Use
 Waste Systems
 Nano Robots
 Smart Facades
 Biomimetic Architecture

Masdar City in Abu Dhabi
 50,000 residents and 40,000 commuters
 1500 renewable energy businesses
 6 person pod cars with lithium-cadmium
battery Light transmit railing at ground
level
 Pedestrians at 7pm podium level
Silicon Valley for clean green and
alternative energy for 2016 or 2020
G Tang Sheffield Hallam University,
Masdar The sustainable Desert City: A Theoretical Mirage or a Realistic Possibility?

 City responds to sunlight (orientation,
layout)
 Narrow streets for shading
 Courtyards with blinds and solar shading
 10MW solar farm for construction energy
needs
 Wind and bio- fuels for city operational
needs
Renewables

 Solar desalinated sea water
 Grey and black water systems
 Landscaping with plant and vegetation
 Vacuum waste technologies
 Composted bio-waste
 Recyclable waste –energy plants
Water and Waste

 Passive cooling strategies: wind
tower/ground cooling
 High thermal mass
 Solar energy electricity power ventilation
 Built form
 Orientation
Air Systems

Green Mega City: Lilypads by Vincent
Callebout
http://www.popsci.com/futurecity/plan.html

These Lilypads are constructed with a titanium dioxide skin to absorb CO2

Callebout
 Titanium Dioxide skin to absorb CO2
 2 seater electric pod cars
 Biodiesel/electric buses guided by embedded
road magnets
 Footstep energy
 Wind turbines using air movement
 Hydrogen from an Algae Park
 Tidal power from wind from passing car
 Solar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticles

Callebout
 Solar energy from paint containing solar
nanoparticles
 Clear water from desalination
 Robotic maintenance
 Bubble Houses
 Phase change materials give temperature regulation
 Hydroponic farms
 Plant water from sewage filtered via zebra mussels
 10 storey concrete tower with embedded
photovoltaics
 Geothermal wells for heating/cooling

Tenets for Intelligent
Buildings
 Plan and design with an Integrated Team
so that clients, consultants, contractors,
facilities managers all develop a commitment
to the project and want to fulfil the
environmental, social and economic aims.
 Systems and holistic thinking
are key.

 Assess the impacts of the buildings on
occupants and communities nearby.
 Occupants behaviour has a large effect
on the consumption of energy and water
so try to increase awareness of occupants
to the impact of their actions on
resources.

 Aim to increase the built asset
value for the organisation
 Understand users perceptions:
understand the physical and
psychological well-being.
 Design for Flexible and agile
space
 Provide Individual control of
environmental conditions

 Use smart metering but wireless
sensor technology becoming applicable
in building operation for personal use by con
sumers.
 Develop data management systems
to give feedback on the performance of
spaces in the building.
 Understand the interaction between the
building, systems and the occupants
 Commission pre-occupancy and post-
occupancy evaluation are vital.

 Use a whole life value approach to
ensure quality and whole life costs con
sidered.
 Aim for simplicity rather than complexity
in operation.
 Think about well-being and freshness
besides comfort and
 consider all the senses and how air,
view, daylight, sound, colour ,greenery
and space affect us in the workplace.

Connectivity is important for
 Interoperability not only between the
systems and the building but also between
the occupant and the building
 Design for flexibility and adaptability

 Think of an Intelligent building as an
organism responding to human and environmenta
l needs but also one that needs to “breathe”
through the facade between the external and
internal environments.
 The façade transfers light, solar radiation, air,
noise, and moisture but also links occupants to
the outside world so intelligent or smart facades
allow these aspects to be controlled in a way
which is functional but also
 Design environment to be enjoyable
to those working and living inside the building.

 Balance efficiency with effectiveness.
An air supply system for example can
deliver the “right” amount of air
to a space and be deemed efficient but
may not be effective in the space because
it has no impact on the breathing zone
where the people are.
 Plan facilities management so the build
ing is cared for

 Design beyond the expectations
defined in Regulations.
 Keep abreast of relevant fields of
knowledge and innovation.
 Learn from other sectors and discipli
nes
 Develop an integrated approach to
education to meet sustainable
agenda

A Vision of the Future
www.ukgbc.org

WHAT WE CALL THE
BEGINNING IS OFTEN THE END
AND TO MAKE AN END IS TO
MAKE A BEGINNING
THE END IS WHERE WE START
FROM
T.S.ELIOT-- FOUR QUARTETS-- LITTLE GIDDING

Prof Derek Clements-Croome -Sustainable intelligent buildings for people

Prof Derek Clements-Croome -Sustainable intelligent buildings for people

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Prof Derek Clements-Croome -Sustainable intelligent buildings for people