Hii Enviromentalists, This is a presentation about How global warming affects us & our future generation!!! No one thinks about it . This is a humble request to all Watch this with full concentration!!!!!!!!
The Solar Tsunami is coming. If you have not been following recent progress, you may be astonished. The price of solar PV cells has fallen 1000-fold since 1977.
(This updates and replaces my older slide-show 'Our Solar Future.")
Lattice Energy LLC-Minuscule Cumulative Investment in LENRs vs Nuclear Weapon...Lewis Larsen
Factoid: Fareed Zakaria, CNN – journalist and host of GPS show that aired on August 11, 2013, he stated that, “Between 1945 and the 1990s, we produced more than 70,000 total warheads and spent at least $8 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons development.”
Key take-aways from this presentation: perhaps more major corporations/governments should increase R&D spending on LENRs:
- R&D investments by governments and corporations have disproportionately favored nuclear fission and fusion technologies, especially weapons-related work, for 71 years
- Virtually everyone agrees that development of lower-risk, ecologically ‘clean’, low cost sources of energy is crucial to future world economic growth and overall quality of life, especially for people now living in rural areas without any electricity
- Over the past 63 years, enormous financial investments have been made in D-T fusion technology, yet today there are still no operating commercial power plants
- During last 24 years, tens of billions of dollars, euros, rubles, yuan, yen, and rupees were spent on fusion R&D; by contrast, less than ~US$200 million has gone into LENRs during that time; vast majority of that money came from the private sector
- Maybe it’s time for both corporations and governments to start making greater parallel R&D investments in LENRs in addition to fusion and fission technologies
- By pursuing multiple synergistic paths toward the same common goal we could, collectively all “hedge our bets” on the development of new, non-polluting, inexpensive energy sources that can ultimately supplant fossil fuels
Climate Change: Are We Losing the Carbon-Free Energy Market to ChinaPaul H. Carr
A description of trends in clean energy market and how can U.S regain its leadership. In 1995, the US had 43% of the solar manufacturing market compared to China at 1%. Now the US market share has declined to 6%, as compared to China’s 60%. China dominates wind turbines with 40% of the market share with the US at 14%. Fear of nuclear energy is hurting our environment.
Hii Enviromentalists, This is a presentation about How global warming affects us & our future generation!!! No one thinks about it . This is a humble request to all Watch this with full concentration!!!!!!!!
The Solar Tsunami is coming. If you have not been following recent progress, you may be astonished. The price of solar PV cells has fallen 1000-fold since 1977.
(This updates and replaces my older slide-show 'Our Solar Future.")
Lattice Energy LLC-Minuscule Cumulative Investment in LENRs vs Nuclear Weapon...Lewis Larsen
Factoid: Fareed Zakaria, CNN – journalist and host of GPS show that aired on August 11, 2013, he stated that, “Between 1945 and the 1990s, we produced more than 70,000 total warheads and spent at least $8 trillion in present-day terms on nuclear weapons development.”
Key take-aways from this presentation: perhaps more major corporations/governments should increase R&D spending on LENRs:
- R&D investments by governments and corporations have disproportionately favored nuclear fission and fusion technologies, especially weapons-related work, for 71 years
- Virtually everyone agrees that development of lower-risk, ecologically ‘clean’, low cost sources of energy is crucial to future world economic growth and overall quality of life, especially for people now living in rural areas without any electricity
- Over the past 63 years, enormous financial investments have been made in D-T fusion technology, yet today there are still no operating commercial power plants
- During last 24 years, tens of billions of dollars, euros, rubles, yuan, yen, and rupees were spent on fusion R&D; by contrast, less than ~US$200 million has gone into LENRs during that time; vast majority of that money came from the private sector
- Maybe it’s time for both corporations and governments to start making greater parallel R&D investments in LENRs in addition to fusion and fission technologies
- By pursuing multiple synergistic paths toward the same common goal we could, collectively all “hedge our bets” on the development of new, non-polluting, inexpensive energy sources that can ultimately supplant fossil fuels
Climate Change: Are We Losing the Carbon-Free Energy Market to ChinaPaul H. Carr
A description of trends in clean energy market and how can U.S regain its leadership. In 1995, the US had 43% of the solar manufacturing market compared to China at 1%. Now the US market share has declined to 6%, as compared to China’s 60%. China dominates wind turbines with 40% of the market share with the US at 14%. Fear of nuclear energy is hurting our environment.
Photovoltaics constitutes a new form of producing electric energy that is environmentally clean and very modular. In stand-alone installations, it must use storage or another type of generator to provide electricity when the sun is not shining.
Photovoltaics is very suitable as the power supply for remote communication equipment. Its use is increasing rapidly to produce electricity in grid-connected houses and buildings in industrialized countries, despite a 5 to 10 times higher cost than conventional electricity. Crystalline Si technology, both monocrystalline and multicrystalline is today clearly dominant, with about 90% of the market.
Thin-film technology is one of the candidates to take over from Si technology. There are many technological options regarding thin-film materials and methods of deposition but their primary claim to the throne currently occupied by Si is that they can be ultimately produced at much lower cost.
Copper oxide is a good candidate for low cost photovoltaic element. It is non toxic and has high absobtion in visible spectra of light. In order to improve it performance doping methods and “partner” component for hetero- or homo –junction have to be studied.
In summary, it is very likely that photovoltaics will become in the next half century an important source of world electricity. Public support and global environmental concerns will keep photovoltaics viable, visible, and vigorous both in new technical developments and user applications. Nations which encourage photovoltaics will be leaders in this shining new technology, leading the way to a cleaner, more equitable twenty-first century, while those that ignore or suppress photovoltaics will be left behind in the green, economic energy revolution.
The New Photonomy - offering an exponentially fruitful abundance worldwide, P...Michael P Totten
Elevated solar photovoltaics sited on a fraction of existing cultivated lands, technically referred to as Agrivoltaic microgrids (plus batteries-controls), promises enhanced economic security for farmers, who generate onsite power and export excess power, while continuing to grow crops, pasture grasses and livestock grazing below the solar panels. Energy security is also enhanced as a result of the distributed design, or what the U.S. rural electric cooperatives call the new "agile fractal grid." The model builds upon the U.S. Dept. of Defense decree that all military bases transition to islandable microgrids capable of operation when the grid or pipelines collapse (whether due to physical attacks, cyberterrorism, cybercrime, or climate-triggered catastrophes). Recent analysis found it would only take a couple of percent of existing cultivated lands sited with agrivoltaics to generate nearly 100 of total global energy demand for all purposes. This 84-slide presentation provides both overview and details about this multi-benefits accruing energy service option: collapsing most GHG emissions from the energy sector (which now comprises 3/4th of total global emissions), a dozen other energy-spewed chemical SCARs ("social cost of atmospheric releases), eliminate need for massive land conversion to biofuels and threats to biodiversity destruction, and 90 percent decline in water extraction. All documented with citations and references.
Emerging Trends #5 | Cleantech, climate tech : to the rescue ?Leonard
Alors que l’urgence climatique et écologique s’impose comme l'un des thèmes structurants de la décennie à venir, les technologies peuvent-elles apporter leur lot de réponses ? Soutenues par les attentes de la société civile, des acteurs publics et des investisseurs, ainsi qu’une nouvelle vague d’entrepreneurs, les cleantech et autres climate tech semblent connaître un retour en grâce. Sans tomber dans le solutionnisme technologique, ces innovations pourraient être décisives pour relever le défi de la décarbonation et de la préservation des ressources.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
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Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
RAT: Retrieval Augmented Thoughts Elicit Context-Aware Reasoning in Long-Hori...
Prof Derek Clements-Croome - Challenges and opportunities for intelligent buildings in the 21st century
1. Professor Derek Clements-CroomeProfessor Derek Clements-Croome
Intelligent Buildings Research GroupIntelligent Buildings Research Group
www.ibrg.rdg.ac.ukwww.ibrg.rdg.ac.uk
Challenges and Opportunities for
Green Intelligent Buildings
in the 21st Century
4 December 2008
Dundee University, School of Architecture
2. Changes in Living, InnovationChanges in Living, Innovation
and Globalisationand Globalisation
4. Source: Joseph Jacobsen, Organizational and Individual Innovation Diffusion
Global Innovation Outlook 2004, IBM, p.6
5. Wider cross sector collaboration is essential to innovation inWider cross sector collaboration is essential to innovation in
many fields.many fields.
Source: Dr. H. Fuchs, Wilhelm University of Munster in Westphalia. Courtesy: Lux Research Outlook 2004, IBM
7. National Ecological Footprint RelativeNational Ecological Footprint Relative
to Nationally Available Biocapacityto Nationally Available Biocapacity
8. Ecological Footprint and HumanEcological Footprint and Human
Development IndexDevelopment Index
HEAD. P., 2008, Entering the Ecological Age: THE ENGINEER’S ROLE, THE BRUNEL LECTURE for Institute
of Civil Engineers (ICE), Global Footprint Network: http://www.footprintnetwork.org/
9. Overall DriversOverall Drivers
NatureNature
Population changePopulation change
Political agendasPolitical agendas
SocietySociety
TechnologyTechnology
10. Specific DriversSpecific Drivers
Quality of lifeQuality of life
Demographic changesDemographic changes
Work and Lifestyle changesWork and Lifestyle changes
SustainabilitySustainability
HealthHealth
InnovationInnovation
11. Some Technology DriversSome Technology Drivers
Sensory WorldSensory World
New MaterialsNew Materials
NanotechnologyNanotechnology
Information TechnologyInformation Technology
CommunicationsCommunications
RoboticsRobotics
12. Occupant
Observer / passer by
External environment
Building
Internal environment
Buildings, Environment &Buildings, Environment &
PeoplePeople
14. Source: CIBSE- Climate change and the indoor environment: impacts and adaptation. TM36:2005
(UKCIP02 Scientific Report)
Global Carbon Dioxide IncreasesGlobal Carbon Dioxide Increases
15. How EmissionsHow Emissions
Savings Stack upSavings Stack up
Jim Watson, How emissions savings stackJim Watson, How emissions savings stack
up, The Guardian, Saturday 28 April,up, The Guardian, Saturday 28 April,
16. Source: Bos etc al, 1992, World Energy Council 2005
Global Primary Energy Use, Historical Development from 1850 to 1990 in the
three cases to 2100, in Gto.
Population Growth, 1850 to 1990 and projectionsPopulation Growth, 1850 to 1990 and projections
to 2100, in billion peopleto 2100, in billion people
17. UN Contraction and ConvergenceUN Contraction and Convergence
HEAD. P., 2008, Entering the Ecological Age: THE ENGINEER’S ROLE, THE BRUNEL LECTURE for
Institute of Civil Engineers (ICE), Meyer, Aubrey, The fair choice for climate change, BBC News,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/4994296.stm, (May 18 2006).
21. EU-25 2010 Renewable Energy TargetsEU-25 2010 Renewable Energy Targets
Lehman Brothers, Wind Energy (18 April 2007).
22. Relative Costs of EnergyRelative Costs of Energy
ProductionProduction
BERR Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory ReformBERR Department for Business Enterprise and Regulatory Reform
137
151
85
61
37.7
35
38Gas
Coal
Nuclea
r
Onshore
Wind
Offshore Wind
Wave
Tidal
NEC,17.01.08., Green monster, p15megawatt hourmegawatt hour
23. The average price of a photovoltaic module divided by its peak power versus the total
power generated by all the modules ever sold. The trend shows the cost of modules
falling by about 20% each time that sales double. (Data from Strategies Unlimited.)
Terry Peterson, Brien Fies, Sloar Power to the people,
Physics World, Energy Challenges for the 21st Century,
Volume 15, No: 7, 2002
24. Efficiency versus Cost for the Three
Generations of Solar Cells
Cartlidge E, July 2007, Bright outlook for solar cells, Physics World Vol 20 No 7
I First-generation cells: expensive
single-crystal silicon wafers: about 85% of
devices sold today.
II Second-generation cells: thin films
of silicon and other semiconductors:
cheaper but less efficient.
III Third-generation devices:
advanced technologies and materials at
an earlier stage of development but
promise high efficiencies at low costs.
The dashed diagonal lines are loci of
constant cost per unit power, measured in
dollars per peak watts.
Average electrical power produced by a
solar cell in a year is about 20% of its
peak rating. A price of $1 per peak watt
translates to a unit electrical cost of about
$0.05 per kWh over the 30-year lifetime
of a typical solar cell.
25. Phovoltaic Solar CellsPhovoltaic Solar Cells
SourceSource CostCost
($ per kWh)($ per kWh)
Solar PVSolar PV
WindWind
Natural GasNatural Gas
0.30 (current)0.30 (current)
0.02 (25 years)0.02 (25 years)
0.050.05
0.030.03
GenerationGeneration CharacteristicCharacteristic
FirstFirst
SecondSecond
ThirdThird
Single crystal of siliconSingle crystal of silicon
18% efficiency18% efficiency
Silicon thin filmsSilicon thin films
Other components such as cadmium tellurideOther components such as cadmium telluride
< 18% efficiency< 18% efficiency
Quantum dot or nano crystalsQuantum dot or nano crystals
Efficiency 48%Efficiency 48%
Quantum –well solar cell andQuantum –well solar cell and
Dye sanitised solar cellDye sanitised solar cell
Cartlidge E, July 2007, Bright outlook for solar cells, Physics World Vol 20 No 7
26. Nicholas S., etc. 2008, Catching the Rays, Going Places, http://www.mbipv.net.my/
Institute for Solar Energy (ISE)Institute for Solar Energy (ISE)
in Freiburg A coloured solarin Freiburg A coloured solar
ModuleModule
Germany leads the would in the utilisation of solar power, pilotingGermany leads the would in the utilisation of solar power, piloting
new materials, energy concepts and solar cells in state-of-the-artnew materials, energy concepts and solar cells in state-of-the-art
laboratorieslaboratories
27. Dr Macro Zobel with the prototype pf a
micro fuel cell (power 50 watts)
Solar Absorber
“fractherm” an
arrangement of
electricity canals based
on a biological model
Inside ISE, scientist in
protective suits perform a
quality control check of
silicon wafers before
diffusion.
Nicholas S., etc. 2008,Catching the Rays, Going Places, http://www.mbipv.net.my/
28. World's Biggest Solar Farm Moura,World's Biggest Solar Farm Moura,
PortugalPortugal
http://www.peopleandplanet.net/doc.php?id=3304
£250m farm, to supply 45MW of electricity each year, enough£250m farm, to supply 45MW of electricity each year, enough
to power 30,000 homes.to power 30,000 homes.
29. Solar Power Plant Serpa, Porto Salvo, PortugueseSolar Power Plant Serpa, Porto Salvo, Portuguese
http://www.power-technology.com/projects/Serpa/
30. The Archimedes Plant,
Syracuse, Sicily
The solar Energy willThe solar Energy will
heat up a mixture ofheat up a mixture of
molten salts runningmolten salts running
through the tube, whichthrough the tube, which
will than be used towill than be used to
heat water. Theheat water. The
resulting steam willresulting steam will
drive turbines in andrive turbines in an
existing conventionalexisting conventional
power plantpower plant
31. Rules of Thumb for Solar DesignRules of Thumb for Solar Design
FormForm • create sun spaces, lighting ducts, light shelvescreate sun spaces, lighting ducts, light shelves
Orientation:Orientation: • main glazing to face 30 degrees either side of due southmain glazing to face 30 degrees either side of due south
• reduce north glazingreduce north glazing
• minimise tree over-shadowingminimise tree over-shadowing
• on housing estates build to a density ofon housing estates build to a density of << 40 properties/ha40 properties/ha
• design atriums/roof lighting in accordance with the position of thedesign atriums/roof lighting in accordance with the position of the
sun in both summer and wintersun in both summer and winter
Fabric:Fabric:
• fabric transmission losses may be reduced by improving insulationfabric transmission losses may be reduced by improving insulation
or by reducing the mean inside air temperature.or by reducing the mean inside air temperature.
Rawlings (1999)
32. Combined HeatCombined Heat
and Powerand Power
Site Energy SavingsSite Energy Savings
Cousins, Down to Zero, The Arup Journal, 2/2007 p23
Source Energy SavingsSource Energy Savings
34. Cooling Only Systems Annual Energy Consumption
Vs National Benchmarks for Office Energy Use
0
50
100
150
200
Site1-All-Air
Site2-All-Air
Site3-All-Air
Site4-All-Air
Site5-All-Air
Site6-All-Air
Site7-All-Air
Site8-ChilledCeiling
Site9-ChilledCeiling
Site10-ChilledCeiling
Site11-ChilledCeiling
Site12-Fancoils
Site13-Fancoils
Site14-Fancoils
Site15-Fancoils
Site16-Fancoils
Site17-DXSplit
Site18-DXSplit
Site19-DXSplit
Site20-DXSplit
Site21-DXSplit
Site22-DXSplit
Site32-UnitaryHP
Note: Cooling energy consumption
kWh/m2
kWh/m2
Good Practice
Typical Practice
Dunn and Knight 2005
35. Relation between PMV and PPD in summer for 29 air-Relation between PMV and PPD in summer for 29 air-
conditioned buildings and for 32 buildings with individualconditioned buildings and for 32 buildings with individual
temperature control and natural or mechanical ventilation.temperature control and natural or mechanical ventilation.
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
-2 -1,5 -1 -0,5 0 0,5 1 1,5 2
Mean Vote
Percentageofdissatisfied
Natural ventilation
Mechanical ventilation
Airconditioning
Mechanical
ventilation
(11 buildings)
Natural
ventilation
(21 buildings)
PMV
Airconditioning
(29 buildings)
K van der Linden at al, Energy and Buildings, 1411, 2002, 1-8
Predicted Mean Vote
PercentageofDissatisfiedPPD
36. The COThe CO22 Cooling AlternativeCooling Alternative
COCO22 based cooling systems to extract thebased cooling systems to extract the
heat. Trox AITCS COheat. Trox AITCS CO22OL desk is designedOL desk is designed
to take heat from desk based computersto take heat from desk based computers
using liquid COusing liquid CO22
BSJ Future Technologies 13
http://www.troxaitcs.com/
38. Key Elements of a Short CarbonKey Elements of a Short Carbon
Cycle SystemCycle System
HEAD. P., 2008, Entering the Ecological Age: THE ENGINEER’S ROLE, THE BRUNEL LECTURE for Institute
of Civil Engineers (ICE)
39. Sustainability in PracticeSustainability in Practice
Hillier, Graham. “Construction Products for a Sustainable Society”
Sustainability - Steel and the Environment Conference. 2 November 2004
HEAD. P., 2008, Entering the Ecological Age: THE ENGINEER’S ROLE, THE BRUNEL LECTURE for Institute
of Civil Engineers (ICE)
40. Principles for Earth Bio BalancePrinciples for Earth Bio Balance
Use waste as a resourceUse waste as a resource
Diversify and cooperateDiversify and cooperate
Gather and use energy efficientlyGather and use energy efficiently
Optimise not maximiseOptimise not maximise
Use materials sparinglyUse materials sparingly
Clean up not polluteClean up not pollute
Do not draw down resourcesDo not draw down resources
Remain in balance with the biosphereRemain in balance with the biosphere
Run on informationRun on information
Use local resourcesUse local resources
I Bengles 1997, Biomimicry
HEAD. P., 2008, Entering the Ecological Age: THE ENGINEER’S ROLE, THE BRUNEL LECTURE for Institute
of Civil Engineers (ICE)
41. Clean Up Not PolluteClean Up Not Pollute
Department for Environment, Food and Foreign Affairs, Future Water; The Governments Strategy for water
in England, sourced from http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/water/strategy/pdf/futurewater. pdf.
42. Green HomesGreen Homes
World Business Council for Sustainable Development, Policy Directions to 2050,
http://www.wbcsd.org/DocRoot/bdA09BFxjVkjEeXJKjle/int_low_res.pdf, (2007).
47. How the Zed System Works
Gasified wood technology
provides heat and electricity
to the entire site with zero
net CO2 emissions
48. The Lighthouse is the most
environmentally friendly home
built in the UK
Photograph Peter White BR
Zero Carbon HomeZero Carbon Home
Simon Lambert, This is Money, 9 December 2006
49. Green Buildings are
designed to have
less impact on the
environment, be
healthier, boost the
productivity of
workers within, and
have lower
overhead costs.
They also yield a
greater return on
investment.
Lockwood, C., 2006, Building the Green Way, Harvard Business REview
50. Thermal Mass
Conventional masonry houses with thermal mass can save significant amounts of energy
compared to lightweight structures. These savings can offset the slightly higher level of
embodied CO2 in a masonry house in as little as ten years and ultimately lead to the lowest
whole life CO2 emissions. This is achieved by the thermal mass of a dwelling enabling it to
store more heat and remain cooler than lightweight structures. The result is that the
dwelling remains warmer for longer in the winter and stays cooler in the summer.
51. Natural Ventilation
Hanson EcoHouseM
includes a ventilating
roof lantern. Wind
operated to enhance
‘stack’ effect. Low
level cooler bedrooms
on ground floor; other
rooms on warmer first
floor.
52. Swedish Standard for Passive
Houses
Maximum power for heating, 10/14 W/m2
Maximum total energy, 45/55 kWh/m2
(excluding electricity)
Maximum air leakage, 0.3 l/s m2
Energy efficient windows, 0.9 W/m2
K
ECBCS news 46 Oct 07
54. Control of solarControl of solar
radiation transmittingradiation transmitting
though the buildingthough the building
envelopeenvelope
Spectral absorptivity / transmission ofSpectral absorptivity / transmission of
envelope materialsenvelope materials
Suspended particle panelsSuspended particle panels
Liquid crystal panelsLiquid crystal panels
PhotochromicsPhotochromics
ElectrchromicsElectrchromics
Relative position of envelope materialRelative position of envelope material Louver on panel systemsLouver on panel systems
-exterior and exterior radiation-exterior and exterior radiation
(light) sensors- photovolvaics,(light) sensors- photovolvaics,
photoelectrics-photoelectrics-
controld/actuators- shapecontrold/actuators- shape
memory alloys, electro andmemory alloys, electro and
magnetorestrictivemagnetorestrictive
Control of conductiveControl of conductive
heat transfer throughheat transfer through
the building envelopethe building envelope
Thermal conductivity of envelopeThermal conductivity of envelope
materialsmaterials
Thermotropics, phase-changeThermotropics, phase-change
materialsmaterials
Mapping of Typical Building System DesignMapping of Typical Building System Design
needs in Relation to Potentially Applicableneeds in Relation to Potentially Applicable
Smart MaterialsSmart Materials
*Many high performance materials (e.g., diochroics, view directional films, and others) may be*Many high performance materials (e.g., diochroics, view directional films, and others) may be
applicable as wellapplicable as well
55. Control of interiorControl of interior
heat generationheat generation
Heat capacity of interior materialHeat capacity of interior material Phase-change materialsPhase-change materials
Relative location of heat sourceRelative location of heat source ThermoelectricsThermoelectrics
Lumanwatt energy conversationLumanwatt energy conversation PhotoluminescentsPhotoluminescents
Electroluminescents,Electroluminescents,
Light emitting diodesLight emitting diodes
Energy deliveryEnergy delivery Conversion of ambient energy toConversion of ambient energy to
electrical energyelectrical energy
Photovoltaics, micro-andPhotovoltaics, micro-and
meso energy systemsmeso energy systems
(thermoelectrics, fuel cels)(thermoelectrics, fuel cels)
Optimisation ofOptimisation of
lighting systemslighting systems
Daylight sensingDaylight sensing
Illuminance measurementsIlluminance measurements
Occupancy sensingOccupancy sensing
PhotovoltaicsPhotovoltaics
PhotoelectricsPhotoelectrics
PyroelectricsPyroelectrics
Optimisation ofOptimisation of
HVAC systemsHVAC systems
Temperature sensingTemperature sensing
Humidity sensingHumidity sensing
Occupancy sensingOccupancy sensing
CO2 and chemicaldetectionCO2 and chemicaldetection
Thermoelectrics,Thermoelectrics,
pyroelectrics, biosensors,pyroelectrics, biosensors,
chemical sensors, opticalchemical sensors, optical
MEMSMEMS
Control ofControl of
structural systemsstructural systems
Stress and deformation monitoringStress and deformation monitoring
Crack monitoringCrack monitoring
Stress and deformation controlStress and deformation control
Vibration monitoring and controlVibration monitoring and control
Euler buckling and controlEuler buckling and control
Fiber-optics,Fiber-optics,
piezoeroelectrics,piezoeroelectrics,
electrorheologicals (ERs),electrorheologicals (ERs),
magnetorheologicals, shapemagnetorheologicals, shape
memory alloysmemory alloys
Addington M, Schodek D, 2005, Smart Materials and Technologies,
56. Colour-Changing Smart MaterialsColour-Changing Smart Materials
PhotochromicsPhotochromics -materials exposed to light-materials exposed to light
ThermochromicsThermochromics -materials respond to-materials respond to
temperature changes.temperature changes.
MechanochromicsMechanochromics -materials react to imposed-materials react to imposed
stresses and/or deformations.stresses and/or deformations.
ChemochromicsChemochromics -materials exposed to specific-materials exposed to specific
chemical environments.chemical environments.
ElectrochromicsElectrochromics -materials respond to voltage.-materials respond to voltage.
Related technologiesRelated technologies – electrically active liquid– electrically active liquid
crystals and suspended particle devicescrystals and suspended particle devices
Addington M, Schodek D, 2005, smart Materials and Technologies,
57. Smart Window FeaturesSmart Window Features
System TypeSystem Type Spectral responseSpectral response
(bleaced to coloured)(bleaced to coloured)
Interior result visualInterior result visual Interior resultInterior result
thermalthermal
Input energyInput energy
PhotochromicPhotochromic Specular to specularSpecular to specular
transmission at hightransmission at high
UV levelsUV levels
Reduction in intensityReduction in intensity
but still transparentbut still transparent
Reduction inReduction in
transmitted radiationtransmitted radiation
UV radiationUV radiation
ThermochromicThermochromic Specular to specularSpecular to specular
transmission at hightransmission at high
IR levelsIR levels
Reduction in intensityReduction in intensity
but still transparentbut still transparent
Reduction inReduction in
transmitted radiationtransmitted radiation
Heat (highHeat (high
surfacesurface
temperature)temperature)
ThermothropicThermothropic Specular to specularSpecular to specular
transmission at hightransmission at high
and low temperaturesand low temperatures
Reduction in intensityReduction in intensity
and visibility,and visibility,
becomes diffusebecomes diffuse
Reduction inReduction in
transmitted radiation,transmitted radiation,
emitted radiation, andemitted radiation, and
conductivityconductivity
Heat (high and/orHeat (high and/or
low surfacelow surface
temperature)temperature)
Electrothropic*Electrothropic* Specular to specularSpecular to specular
transmission towardtransmission toward
short wavelengthshort wavelength
region (blue)region (blue)
Reduction in intensityReduction in intensity Proportional reductionProportional reduction
in transmittedin transmitted
radiationradiation
Voltage orVoltage or
current pulsecurrent pulse
Liquid Crystals*Liquid Crystals* Specular to diffuseSpecular to diffuse
transmissiontransmission
Minimal reduction inMinimal reduction in
intensity, reduction inintensity, reduction in
visibility, becomesvisibility, becomes
diffusediffuse
Minimal impact onMinimal impact on
transmitted radiationtransmitted radiation
VoltageVoltage
SuspendedSuspended
particleparticle
Specular to diffuseSpecular to diffuse
transmissiontransmission
Reduction in intensityReduction in intensity
and visibility,and visibility,
becomes diffusebecomes diffuse
Minimal impact onMinimal impact on
transmitted radiationtransmitted radiation
CurrentCurrent
*indicates that a control system and associated*indicates that a control system and associated
electrical supply are requiredelectrical supply are required Addington M, Schodek D, 2005, Smart Materials and Technologies,
58. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles with a smooth
surface may be used as an anti-adhesive
coating for windows or spectacle lenses
Annabelle Hett, Small matter many unknowns, Ingenia, march 2005, issue 22,
59. Carbon NanotubesCarbon Nanotubes
Carbon nanotubes are cylindrical carbon molecules with
novel properties that make them potentially useful in a
wide variety of applications. They exhibit extraordinary
strength and unique electrical properties, and are efficient
conductors of heat.
60. Assessing Human behaviour andAssessing Human behaviour and
Its Impact on Energy ConsumptionIts Impact on Energy Consumption
61. Occupants lifestyle affect energyOccupants lifestyle affect energy
consumptionconsumption
Embedded sensors help occupantsEmbedded sensors help occupants
to save money and society saveto save money and society save
energyenergy
62. Energy Consumption per mEnergy Consumption per m33
forfor
964 Dwellings: Human Behaviour964 Dwellings: Human Behaviour
Impacts on Energy ConsumptionImpacts on Energy Consumption
0
200
400
600
800
1000
0 0.4 0.8 1.2 1.6 2
Specific transmission losses per unit of volume (W/(m3
.K))
Energyforheatingperunitofvolume
(MJ/(m3
.a))
H. Hens., et al, 2007, Energy Consumption and Rebound Effects, Civil Engineering, K U Leuven
63. Systems Performance andSystems Performance and
Human ReactionHuman Reaction
Building and Environmental Systems People
Physiological Judgement
(Sense diary)
Objective Data
Comparator
Profiling Differences
Facilities Management Systems
64. BSN architecture with wirelessly linked context-aware “on
body” (external) sensors and integration with home,
working, and hospital environments.
66. Body Parameters – Ears’ ClipBody Parameters – Ears’ Clip
SenTec Digital Monitoring System from Artemis
Medical
Real time monitoring of
• Carbon dioxide partial pressure (pCO2),
• Oxygen saturation (SpO2)
• Pulse
67. Body Parameters - PlastersBody Parameters - Plasters
Toumaz Wireless Body Monitoring System
Development phase, ready end of 2007
Real time monitoring of
• Skin Temperature
• Breathing activity
• ECG heartbeat
• Blood PH
• Blood CO2
68. Body Parameters - HeadsetBody Parameters - Headset
Emotiv Systems Project EPOC
Produced for computer games
Headset uses set of sensors
• Receive electric signals
produced by the brain
• Monitors emotional state
• Monitors facial expressions
69. BrainbarBrainbar
BrainbarBrainbar mixes drinksmixes drinks
adapted to the visitor'sadapted to the visitor's
brainwaves. Thebrainwaves. The
customer wears acustomer wears a
sensor-studdedsensor-studded
headband and the robotheadband and the robot
bartender reads the brainbartender reads the brain
frequencies in the alphafrequencies in the alpha
and beta wavelengths.and beta wavelengths.
http://www.scastile.blogspot.com/
70. ObjectivesObjectives
To identify the behaviour patternsTo identify the behaviour patterns
associated with the use of the building.associated with the use of the building.
To establish a relationship between theTo establish a relationship between the
behaviour patterns and the consumption ofbehaviour patterns and the consumption of
energy.energy.
To develop an intelligent sensor system.To develop an intelligent sensor system.
71. + TEMPERATURE -
+ LIGHT -
+ SOUND -
+ AIR QUALITY -
AUTOMATIC
DAY
HOUR
MINUTES
Programming Automatic Manual
10:38 24o
C 22o
C
Mon Tue Wed Thu Fri Sat Sun
TEMPERATURE AIR QUALITY
LIGHT SOUND
Automatic
Thu
Touch sense mode for
recording judgement
For setting the
time and date
To select the
automatic mode
Day of the week
Touch display
The actual room condition
Room conditionSense Mode
Time, and date record
Sense Diary
Evaluation of Environmental Conditions by Occupants
Clements-Croome, Inaugural Lecture 1989
73. The Functional Architecture of
Multi-Agent System for Building cOntrol (MASBO)
BMS
Policy
Management
Central Agent
(Decision Aggregation)
Local Agent
(Mediator and
Information provider)
Assessment
Monitor & Control
Agent
(Processes data and
achieve an environmental state
according to Local Agent)
Personal Agent
(Manages User Profile)
Wireless Sensor
Network
Wireless Sensor
Network
User
75. What is the “virtual building”?What is the “virtual building”?
A concept in which all design, construction andA concept in which all design, construction and
environmental performance, and operational problemsenvironmental performance, and operational problems
are visualised, solved and optimised using integratedare visualised, solved and optimised using integrated
computer simulation. The virtual building is intended tocomputer simulation. The virtual building is intended to
support stakeholders throughout the projects lifetime insupport stakeholders throughout the projects lifetime in
the following areas:the following areas:
– ExplorationExploration:: a constantly evolving tool for exploring newa constantly evolving tool for exploring new
directions in design and constructiondirections in design and construction
– CommunicationCommunication :: enabling project teams to quickly andenabling project teams to quickly and
accurately communicate design forms, functions, andaccurately communicate design forms, functions, and
behaviours to other team members and the broader collection ofbehaviours to other team members and the broader collection of
stakeholdersstakeholders
– Integration:Integration: providing an environment where design andproviding an environment where design and
facility team members can share and coordinate projectfacility team members can share and coordinate project
information quickly and efficiently.information quickly and efficiently.
– Optimisation:Optimisation: facilitating analysis tools that are capable offacilitating analysis tools that are capable of
optimising performance, sustainability and costs to meet bothoptimising performance, sustainability and costs to meet both
short-term and long-term goals.short-term and long-term goals.
Bailey P, et al, 2008, The Virtual Building, The Arup Journal, 2, p15-25
76. Virtual building processes cover theVirtual building processes cover the
full cycle of a building lifefull cycle of a building life
Bailey P, et al, 2008, The Virtual Building, The Arup Journal, 2, p15-25
78. Auxetic Materials - Get fatter when they areAuxetic Materials - Get fatter when they are
stretched.stretched.
Smarter WindowsSmarter Windows
Smart PaintsSmart Paints
Smarter Walls –a “breathing wall” that uses theSmarter Walls –a “breathing wall” that uses the
principles of counter current heat exchange.principles of counter current heat exchange.
Solar WallSolar Wall
Nanotube lightsNanotube lights
Miniature RobotsMiniature Robots
Smart metersSmart meters
Smart SensorsSmart Sensors
BSJ Future Technologies 13
New Technologies
79. Human Skin as aHuman Skin as a
Network ConduitNetwork Conduit
NTT's Red TactonNTT's Red Tacton
has created ahas created a
"human area"human area
network" that usesnetwork" that uses
electrical signalselectrical signals
present on thepresent on the
surface of the bodysurface of the body
to create a networkto create a network
within the humanwithin the human
bodybody..
http://www.scastile.blogspot.com/
80. Light Transmitting ConcreteLight Transmitting Concrete
http://optics.org/cws/article/research/19184
A wall made of “LitraCon” has the strength of traditional concrete but by
using embedded array of glass fibers, it can display a view of the outside
world, such as the silhouette of a tree. “Thousands of optical glass fibers
form a matrix and run parallel to each other between the two main
surfaces of every block,” “Shadows on the lighter side will appear with
sharp outlines on the darker one. This special effect creates the general
impression that the thickness and weight of a concrete wall will
disappear.”
Áron Losonczi. Royal University College of Fine Arts in Stockholm,
Sweden.
81. A flexible sheet containing pentacene transistors, intended
to create a layer of “skin” sensitive to pressure.
The flexible sheet is
wrapped around the
robot’s hand and gives
it ability to touch and
sense pressure.
http://physicaplus.org.il/zope/home/en/1202656844/plastic_electricity_en
82. A flexible electronic book
made of organic transistors
constructed from polymeric
material. Adapted from the
homepage of Plastic Logic
co.
Small television screen made of
PLED on a watch.
http://physicaplus.org.il/zope/home/en/1202656844/plastic_electricity_en
Physics World July 2008 vol 21 No 7
83. An example of coloured light emitted from polymers
in response to being illuminated by white light, with
no source of electricity. Each polymer has its own
characteristic colour.
http://physicaplus.org.il/zope/home/en/1202656844/plastic_electricity_en
Physics World July 2008 vol 21 No 7
84. Robot ChoresRobot Chores
Miniature robots will revolutionise many ofMiniature robots will revolutionise many of
our everyday tasks. These robots, orour everyday tasks. These robots, or
nanobots would be ideal for tasks such asnanobots would be ideal for tasks such as
cleaning out pipework and ductwork.cleaning out pipework and ductwork.
BSJ Future Technologies 13
85. Benefits of POEBenefits of POE
Measuring project success determiningMeasuring project success determining
the business benefits and whether qualitythe business benefits and whether quality
and value have been achievedand value have been achieved
Feedback and feed-forward – informingFeedback and feed-forward – informing
the project team of the successes andthe project team of the successes and
failures and to support continuousfailures and to support continuous
improvementimprovement
BCO Guide to Post Occupancy Evaluation
86. Passive and Active SustainablePassive and Active Sustainable
Environmental Building DesignEnvironmental Building Design
87. Case 3 - A house typical of existing stock. High
heating input required, sending bars off the
scale, (red) because of large losses through
uninsulated walls and floors and single glazed
windows (brown). There are large ventilation
losses due to poor draughtproofing and risk of
overheating in summer (dark blue) due to poor
solar design (yellow).
Dunster B, Simmons C Gilbert B, 2008, The ZEDbook , Taylor and Francis
88. Comparison of Thermal PerformanceComparison of Thermal Performance
for Three UK Propertiesfor Three UK Properties
Case 1 - A typical Building Regulations house.
Notice heat losses through trickle ventilation (mid
blue). Also the solar shading has been poorly
thought out, resulting in high solar gains in summer
and low gains in winter (yellow). Heating input is
moderate (red). The suggestion that cooling is
necessary (dark blue) indicates that there would be
an overheating risk in the free running building
which should be investigated in more detail.
Dunster B, Simmons C Gilbert B,
2008, The ZEDbook , Taylor and
Francis
89. Case 2 - A well operated ZED home with very little
additional energy input beyond that used for
equipment (cooking, electrical equipment, etc.).
The solar gain is spread more evenly through the
year. The ventilation is via passive heat recovery
systems based on wind cowls, so ventilation losses
are minimised (mid blue). The sunspace will be
acting as a buffer, reducing the losses through the
fabric (brown) in winter. In summer the ventilated
sunspace can be used to provide night cooling for
the heavyweight material of the building (mid blue)
resulting in almost no overheating risk unless the
building is left sealed up.
Dunster B, Simmons C Gilbert B,
2008, The ZEDbook , Taylor and
Francis
90. Refurbishment of Victorian House at 17Refurbishment of Victorian House at 17
St Augustine’s Road, Camden, LondonSt Augustine’s Road, Camden, London
Double glazed windowsDouble glazed windows 1.5W/m1.5W/m22
KK
FloorsFloors 0.20 W/m0.20 W/m22
KK
Sloping RoofSloping Roof 0.11 W/m0.11 W/m22
KK
Flat roofFlat roof 0.20 W/m0.20 W/m22
KK
Wall insulation toWall insulation to 0.20W/m0.20W/m22
KK
6m6m22
Solar ThermalSolar Thermal
3.5 KWp Solar PV3.5 KWp Solar PV
Localised Heat Exchange VentilationLocalised Heat Exchange Ventilation
Reducing Energy Use - ProposalsReducing Energy Use - Proposals
91. Cost of Refurbishment of VictorianCost of Refurbishment of Victorian
House at 17 St Augustine’s Road,House at 17 St Augustine’s Road,
Camden, LondonCamden, London
costcost tonnes CO2tonnes CO2
Solar PVSolar PV £25,000£25,000 1.41.4
Solar ThermalSolar Thermal £8,000£8,000 0.50.5
Double glazingDouble glazing £24,000£24,000 1.31.3
Roof InsulationRoof Insulation £6,600£6,600 3.43.4
Wall insulationWall insulation £11,000£11,000 3.33.3
Leakage reductionLeakage reduction £2,666£2,666 1.01.0
92. Zero Carbon multi-generation solar cooled home in Sehnzen, China
Dunster B, Simmons C Gilbert B, 2008, The ZEDbook , Taylor and Francis
93. A mixed-useA mixed-use
regeneration schemeregeneration scheme
combining acombining a
companycompany
headquarters, retail,headquarters, retail,
a hotel anda hotel and
residentialresidential
apartments completeapartments complete
with buildingwith building
integrated biomassintegrated biomass
CHP and carpool.CHP and carpool.
Reconciles highReconciles high
density with highdensity with high
land values whileland values while
staying within thestaying within the
national biomassnational biomass
quota and achievingquota and achieving
overall carbonoverall carbon
neutralityneutrality
Dunster B, Simmons C Gilbert B, 2008,
The ZEDbook , Taylor and Francis
95. Innovation Case Study: The BurjInnovation Case Study: The Burj
The Worlds tallest free standing structure.The Worlds tallest free standing structure.
DetailsDetails
Opening:Opening: September 2009September 2009
Height/SizeHeight/Size
Antennal/SpineAntennal/Spine 2,683.9 ft(818 metres)2,683.9 ft(818 metres)
Floor count:Floor count: 164 floors164 floors
Floor Area:Floor Area: 1,128.664 metres)1,128.664 metres)
Building TeamBuilding Team
ArchitectArchitect: Skidmore, Owings and Mernil (USA): Skidmore, Owings and Mernil (USA)
Contractor:Contractor: Samsung (South Korea)Samsung (South Korea)
Besix (Belgium)Besix (Belgium)
Arabtec (UAE)Arabtec (UAE)
Developer : Emaan UAE)Developer : Emaan UAE)
Innovation:Innovation:
Vertical concrete pumping to a height ofVertical concrete pumping to a height of
588 m.588 m.
Worlds fastest elevator and a total of 56Worlds fastest elevator and a total of 56
elevators that can carry 42 people at aelevators that can carry 42 people at a
time.time.
97. Lighting and Ventilation Strategies AttemptLighting and Ventilation Strategies Attempt
to Minimise Energy Consumptionto Minimise Energy Consumption
Nikken Sekkei,
Cool City
Dubai
Architecture Review
Feb 2008
98. 201 Bishopsgate and The
Broadgate Tower, London
Arch. Kohn Pederson Fox
The Leadenhall Building,
London
Arch. Richard Rogers
99. Dome House by Charles McBride RyanDome House by Charles McBride Ryan
HawthornHawthorn
Photo: John Gollings
103. Panel installation at the Sage CentrePanel installation at the Sage Centre
Rectilinear panels at
the Sage Centre
Mesh Match, Jan, 08, Society of
Facade Engineering
110. • First class office building
• Involvement with the planners
• Create a public plaza
• Cylindrical tower concept
• Slimming profile at base
• More daylight to public plaza
• Tapers at the top
• London skyline symmetry
• Maximise the view for surrounding
buildings
• Cigar shape (gherkin, bullet, air ship)
• 500,000ft² nett.
30 ST MARY AXE – ARCHITECTURAL
MASSING
T. Abbas, Hilson Moran, MSc IB Lecture Notes,
111. • Environmentally progressive design
• Low energy/low carbon emission
targets
• 50W/m2
casual load
• Consider occupant comfort and
well being
• Mixed mode ventilation
• Utilises natural ventilation
• Uses air conditioning for peak
periods only
30 ST MARY AXE – ENVIRONMENTAL
DESIGN BRIEF
T. Abbas, Hilson Moran, MSc IB Lecture Notes,
115. an Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, New Caledonia
Jean Marie Tjibaou Cultural Centre, New Caledonia
Renzo Piano, 1998
116. The J.M Tjibaou Cultural Center (Museum of Noumea) designed by Renzo Piano (Winner of 1998The J.M Tjibaou Cultural Center (Museum of Noumea) designed by Renzo Piano (Winner of 1998
Pritzker prize), is a harmonious alliance of modern and traditional Kanak architecture. TraditionalPritzker prize), is a harmonious alliance of modern and traditional Kanak architecture. Traditional
thatch huts, native to the Kanak people, inspired the design.thatch huts, native to the Kanak people, inspired the design.
Piano learnt from local culture, buildings and nature. Tall thin curved laminated iroko wood ribbedPiano learnt from local culture, buildings and nature. Tall thin curved laminated iroko wood ribbed
structures supported by steel ties resist cyclones and earthquakes. The ribs have horizontal slatsstructures supported by steel ties resist cyclones and earthquakes. The ribs have horizontal slats
which allow passive environmental control to occur. The slats open and close according to windwhich allow passive environmental control to occur. The slats open and close according to wind
strength and direction and admit air to a cavity which is linked to the glazed façade of thestrength and direction and admit air to a cavity which is linked to the glazed façade of the
museum.museum.
117.
118. Louvres for interior environment control are mounted inLouvres for interior environment control are mounted in
the glass facade of the low-rise volume.the glass facade of the low-rise volume.
Melet 1999
121. Earthship, New Mexico, US
Earthship Biotecture creates buildings that heat and cool themselves naturally via solar/thermal
dynamics, collect their own power from the sun and wind, harvest their own water from rain and
snow melt, produce food in significant quantities, and utilize materials that are byproducts of
modern society, like cans, bottles and tires. Earthships demonstrate a way to live in harmony with
the planet by encountering natural resources without depleting them.
122. Lilypad, a prototype of auto-Lilypad, a prototype of auto-
sufficient amphibious citysufficient amphibious city
Architect Vincent Callebaut
124. An amphibian aquatic/terrestial city, for 50,000An amphibian aquatic/terrestial city, for 50,000
inhabitants develops fauna and flora around a centralinhabitants develops fauna and flora around a central
lagoon of soft water by collecting and purifying the rainlagoon of soft water by collecting and purifying the rain
water. The floating structure inspired by the highly ribbedwater. The floating structure inspired by the highly ribbed
leave of the great lilypad of Amazonia Victoria Regialeave of the great lilypad of Amazonia Victoria Regia
increased 250 times.increased 250 times.
Lilypad takes up the four main challenges launched byLilypad takes up the four main challenges launched by
the OECD in March 2008:the OECD in March 2008: climate, biodiversity, waterclimate, biodiversity, water
andand healthhealth. It reached zero carbon emission by the. It reached zero carbon emission by the
integration of all the renewable energies (solar, thermalintegration of all the renewable energies (solar, thermal
and photovoltaic, wind, hydraulic, tidal power station,and photovoltaic, wind, hydraulic, tidal power station,
osmotic energies, phytopurification, biomass) producingosmotic energies, phytopurification, biomass) producing
more energy that it consumes!more energy that it consumes!
The floating Ecopolis recycles the CO2 and the waste,The floating Ecopolis recycles the CO2 and the waste,
by purifying and softening biologically the used watersby purifying and softening biologically the used waters
and by integrating ecological niches, aquaculture fieldsand by integrating ecological niches, aquaculture fields
and biotic corridors on and under its body to meet itsand biotic corridors on and under its body to meet its
own food needs.own food needs.
125. MOREMORE
PersonalisationPersonalisation
ConnectivityConnectivity
Healthy conditionsHealthy conditions
SustainabilitySustainability
InnovationInnovation
Value for moneyValue for money
Systems thinkingSystems thinking
LESSLESS
Central controlCentral control
FragmentationFragmentation
Asthma, BSSAsthma, BSS
Less emissions/Less emissions/
consumptionconsumption
Closed visionClosed vision
Capital cost outlookCapital cost outlook
DiscontinuityDiscontinuity
TrendsTrends
126. Meeting the ChallengesMeeting the Challenges
Processes, Products (Systems), People IntegrationProcesses, Products (Systems), People Integration
Whole Life ValueWhole Life Value
Cross-Sectoral LearningCross-Sectoral Learning
Design for Sustainable Healthy EnvironmentsDesign for Sustainable Healthy Environments
Consider Environmental, Economic and SocialConsider Environmental, Economic and Social
ValuesValues
Use Innovation as an EnablerUse Innovation as an Enabler
Use Smart Materials and Biomimetic PrinciplesUse Smart Materials and Biomimetic Principles
Use of Embedded Sensor TechnologyUse of Embedded Sensor Technology
Interdisciplinary Education for Architects andInterdisciplinary Education for Architects and
Engineers plus Social Scientists and OthersEngineers plus Social Scientists and Others
Editor's Notes
The black arrows are feedback to the various stakeholders – information and recommendations as appropriate.
This diagram does not go into the different types of agents in the system. There will also be non-agent components (such as the building management system). Broadly speaking the agents are divided into personal agents representing the occupants and building agents representing the building, including assessment and control. However, the some of the building agents also represent people such as the facilities manager, owner, health and safety officer etc. We will investigate the extent to which persistent (i.e. beyond the design phase) representation of the different stakeholders is desirable.
Note: This description assumes a work rather than a domestic environment. A similar system is equally valid, but in this case the facilities manager, owner etc is also one of the occupants and the assessment mechanism may be different as the goals will differ.