The document discusses intelligence, giftedness, and intellectual disability. It defines intelligence as the ability to learn, adapt, solve problems, and shape one's environment. Intelligence is influenced by genetics, environment, and culture. Common intelligence tests measure verbal comprehension, processing speed, and working memory. Intellectual disability is characterized by below-average intellectual functioning and adaptive skills that emerge by age 18. Giftedness refers to above-average intelligence or exceptional talent, and gifted individuals often show early mastery in their domain of talent.

1. Intelligence Presentation
Group 1
Yasaman
Darshan
Tonya

2. What is Intelligence?
• Intelligence has many broad definitions but below are some of the most
common.
The ability to learn and adapt from experiences, as well as, solve problems.
The ability to select, adapt to, and shape environments.
The ability to gain help from skilled individuals in order to use cultural tools.

3. Properties of Intelligence

4. Influences of Intelligence
• Genetics
Heredity by late adolescence reflects a strong influence of how genes alter your intelligence.
• Environment
The experiences in environment of a child and adults with other individuals and in schooling
influence intelligence.
• Culture
Different cultures measure intelligence differently.
Culture- Fair Tests allow for intelligence to be tested without the bias of culture. These tests
include verbal and non verbal questions that resonate around familiarity to all socioeconomic
and ethnic backgrounds.

5. Intelligence Tests
• Intelligence tests are widely used psychology tools.
• Intelligence tests are correlated with success rates in jobs and schools.
• These tests should not be the only factors that are considered for
intelligence. The child’s developmental history, performance in school,
family experiences, medical backgrounding, and social competencies
should also be considered.

6. Types of Intelligence Tests
• The Binet Tests
This test determines whether or not students would benefit from regular
school instruction.
IQ test that grasped the Mental Age of a child. The mental age is when an
individuals development reaches the same mental capacity of another.
• The Wechsler Scales
This test measures the processing speed, working memory index, and verbal
comprehension of an individual.
Allows for examiner to measure the strengths and weaknesses in intelligence
areas.

7. Intellectual Disability

8. What defines intellectual disability?
• Lack of age-appropriate skills in learning and caring for yourself and inadequate intellectual functioning
• IQ score falls below 70 on traditional intelligence testing
• Difficulty adapting to daily routines
• Characteristics must be presents by 18 years of age
• Low IQ and low adaptive skills starts in childhood
• Formally called mental retardation
• Intelligent tests are used to determine degree of disability
• 5 million Americans are diagnosed by intellectual disability and a large majority of them fit into the mild category with IQ test score of 55 to 70
• IQ scores are categorized into mild, moderate, sever and profound intellectual disability at most school system

9. Classification of Intellectual Disability Based
on IQ test score
• Mild type of intellectual disability effects about 89 percent of people with IQ range
55 to 70
• Moderate type effects 6 percent of the population who score 40 to 54 on IQ tests
• People with Sever intellectual disability score around 25 to 39 on IQ tests and
include 4 percent of the population
• Profound intellectual disability effects 1 percent of people who score below 25

10. Classification of Intellectual Disability Based
on level of support needed
• Intermittent: Individual may need support from time to time during a transition
process or medical condition
• Limited: Supports are consistent and intense but only usually during a transition
period such as school age transition to adulthood
• Extensive: Regular ongoing support in some if not all settings such as school, home
and work
• Pervasive: Most support is provided in an ongoing bases. Very intense and across
different settings

11. Different Cases of Intellectual
Disability
• Organic Intellectual Disability: Refers to a genetic disorder caused by brain damage such as
Down syndrome (presentation of an extra chromosome, Fragile X syndrome:An abnormality in the
x chromosome, prenatal malformation and other diseases that affect the brain
• Most people with organic intellectual disability score between 0 to 50 on IQ tests
• Cultural-familial intellectual disability: When there is no genetic cause present in people who
score between 55 to 70 on IQ tests, experts suspect, the disability is a result of growing up in a
below-average intellectual environment
• Individuals diagnosed with cultural-familial intellectual disability might increase their
intelligence by adulthood and are often not noticeable in society and setting that cognitive skills
are not required as much

12. Giftedness

13. What is Giftedness?
• Being gifted is defined by a person with above average intelligence (an
IQ of 130 or higher) and/or superior talent of something.
• Studies show that gifted people tend to:
• Be more mature
• Have fewer emotional problems
• Grow up in a positive family climate

14. Giftedness Characteristics
Three Criteria:
1.Precocity: begin to master an area earlier then their peers. Learning in their domain is more
effortless for them than for ordinary children. Inborn high ability in a particular domain or domains.
2.Marching to their own drummer: Learn in a qualitatively different way than other children.. They
need minimal help or scaffolding from adults to learn. They may resist any kind of explicit instruction.
They often make discoveries on their own and solve problems in unique ways.
3.A passion to mater: Gifted children are driven to understand the domain in which they have high
ability. They display an intense, obsessive interest and ability to focus. They are self-motivated and to not
need to be “pushed” by parents.
• Deliberate practice of a specific domain. Example, the best musician engages in twice as much deliberate
practice over their lives as did the least successful ones.

15. Giftedness
Nature vs. Nurture
• Heredity or environmental? Likely both!
• Gifted individuals recall that they had signs of high ability in a particular
area at a very young age prior to formal training.
• Research shows individuals with world-class status in the arts,
mathematics, science, and sports all reported strong family support and
years of training and practice.

16. Giftedness
Education of gifted children
• Education for the gifted in the U.S. requires a significant overhaul.
• Too often socially isolated
• Underchallenged in the classroom
• Commonly ostracized and labeled “nerds” or “geeks”
• Report school as a negative experience for them
• It is recommended that the student be allowed to attend advanced
classes in their domain of exceptional ability.

17. Works Cited
• Santrock, J. (2016). A topical approach to lifespan development. (8th ed.).
New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.