The document discusses exceptional development in children, including the intellectually gifted and those with intellectual deficits. It provides definitions and criteria for intellectual giftedness based on IQ scores above 130 and intellectual disability below 70. Specific conditions that can cause intellectual deficits discussed include Down syndrome, Turner syndrome, Klinefelter syndrome, fragile X syndrome, autism spectrum disorders, and Asperger's syndrome. Educational alternatives and considerations for gifted children are also outlined.

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EXCEPTIONAL
DEVELOPMENT
BY: ROMMEL LUIS C. ISRAEL III

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INTELLIGENCE TESTING: IQ SCORE
ABOVE 130:
 Signals intellectual giftedness
BELOW 70:
 Indicates mental retardation visibly
demonstrated by the child’s inability to
cope with appropriate activities of
everyday life

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Dyslexia
 Difficulties in learning attributed to
language impairments and reading
disabilities

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EXCEPTIONAL DEVELOPMENT IN
CHILDREN
1. The Intellectually Gifted
2. Children With Intellectual Deficits
 Turner Syndrome
 Klinefelter’s Syndrome
 Pervasive Developmental Disorders
 Autistic Disorder
 Asperger’s Syndrome

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THE
INTELLECTUALLY
GIFTED CHILD

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THE INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED
 Has an exceptional intellectual capabilities
 When to put him in school?
 When to be accelerated?
 What activities for them to engage in?
 When to skip grades?

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 This is crucial because placing a child in
a situation where he has to meet and
deal with adults may likely disrupt his
social and emotional development.
 They may show preferences for older
children for company.
THE INTELLECTUALLY GIFTED

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• An influential psychologist
who is known for his version
of the Stanford-Binet
intelligence test and for his
longitudinal study of
giftedness.
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). How Lewis Terman Influenced The Field Of
Psychology. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/lewis-terman-biography-2795523.
LEWIS TERMAN (1877-1956)

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LEWIS TERMAN
• His research on gifted child is the longest-
lasting longitudinal study ever conducted.
• His work added important contributions to the
understanding of how intelligence influences
life success, health, and outcomes.

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LEWIS TERMAN
He is best known for:
• Genetic studies of genius
• Educational psychology pioneer
• Eugenics
• Further development and refinement of the
Binet-Simon IQ test
• Mental testing
Reference: Cherry, Kendra (2019). How Lewis Terman Influenced The Field Of Psychology. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from https://www.verywellmind.com/lewis-terman-biography-2795523.

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ACCORDING TO LEWIS TERMAN ON
GIFTED CHILD (1954)
“Bright children are usually far ahead
of their age mates, not just
intellectually, but socially and
physically as well.”

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Fellow researchers supported Terman’s
view:
Richardson and Benbow (1990)
Hetherington (2006)
ACCORDING TO LEWIS TERMAN ON
GIFTED CHILD (1954)

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VERONICA DARK AND CAMILLA
BENBOW (1993) ON GIFTED CHILD
The processes that underlie the cognitive
achievements of gifted children are not
unique – it is simply that the gifted
children are able to learn faster and more
efficiently and process information at a
rapid pace, significantly better and
different from the rest.

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EDUCATIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR
GIFTED CHILDREN
ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS
Activities designed to make their
educational advancement more
interesting and challenging
Special classes in particular areas of
their interest

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EDUCATIONAL ALTERNATIVES FOR
GIFTED CHILDREN
ENRICHMENT PROGRAMS
 Creative writing
 Painting
 Dancing etc.
Special consideration is the child’s
inclination

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CHILDREN WITH
INTELLECTUAL
DEFICIT

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• distinct physical appearance and
physical and mental retardation
• Almond-shaped eyes
• Folded eyelids
• Short stature

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• Susceptible to respiratory infections, heart
disorders, leukemia, and pneumonia
• Mental retardation can be moderate to
severe
• At risk of developing Alzheimer’s disease
later in life

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• Lifespan now able to reach the age of 60’s
• Caused by chromosomal deviations labeled
number 21 (also called trisonomy 21)
- have 3 of this chromosomes instead of
the normal 2.

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
- extra 21st chromosome most often
comes from the mother’s egg when
her homologous pair of 21st chromosomes
fail to separate during meiosis

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
-Male sperm carry the extra
chromosome in only about 5% of
cases

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
- occurs more often as women age,
and that of the father’s age too.
(reason is not yet understood)

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• trisonomy 21
- rates are higher for men over 50
• Develops in infants fairly normally for
their first 6 months but begins to have
an intellectual growth decline after
about a year.

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CHILDREN WITH INTELLECTUAL
DEFICITS
DOWN’ SYNDROME
• These children are slow to learn to
speak, have difficulty articulating words
• Have difficulty attending to,
discriminating, and interpreting
complex or subtle information in their
environments

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TURNER SYNDROME
 A chromosome abnormality found in
females
 A secondary sex characteristics are
developed only with the administration of
female hormones
 Any abnormality in the internal reproductive
organs causes permanent sterility

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KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 A chromosomal abnormality
characterized by a feminine physical
characteristics like breast
development and rounded, broad,
hipped figure

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KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 Male inherits an extra X chromosome,
resulting in XXX pattern, making him
sterile.
 Similar to a triple X female, he is
sometimes mentally retarded and has
verbal language deficits and reading
problems.

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KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 Male who inherits an extra Y
chromosome, the XXX pattern ones
believed to be accompanied by
excessive aggressiveness is very
likely to suffer from cognitive
impairment.

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KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
 The XYY man generally ages taller
than normal man, but have not been
shown to be anymore aggressive or
violent than others.

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KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
FRAGILE X SYNDROME
 the X chromosome looks like pinched
or narrowed causing it weak or fragile.
 More frequent in male than female
- 5% of retarded male with IQ scores
between 30 and 55

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KLINEFELTER’S SYNDROME
FRAGILE X SYNDROME
 More common physical abnormalities
are cleft palate, seizures, abnormal
ECG, Eye disorder.
 Psychological and social problems are
anxiety, hyperactivity, attention deficits,
abnormal communication patterns

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PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDERS
• collection of disorders characterized by
gross deficits in areas of cognitive,
emotional and social developments
• Results from severe and pervasive
impairment of social inateractions and
communication skills

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PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDERS
Schizoprenia vs. PVD:
• Ages of onset- PVD is evident in the
first few years, schizophrenia is most
common in the adolescence or early
adulthood

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PERVASIVE DEVELOPMENT
DISORDERS
• Psychoses
• Have often been confused with
schizoprenia (characterized by
hallucination, delusion and other
kinds of thought disorder)

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AUTISTIC DISORDER
 Known as early infantile autism or
childhood autism.
 Also known as Kanner’s Autism (Leo
Kanner discovered this)

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AUTISTIC DISORDER
 Characterized by inability of the
children to communicate and interact
socially. Have specific language
deficiency
 They engage inrepetitive behaviors

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AUTISTIC DISORDER
FEATURES:
a. Extreme Autistic Alonennes
b. Language Abnormalities – tends to
repeat the words(echolalia) rather
than reply
c. Repetitive behaviors.

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AUTISTIC DISORDER
• Common in boys than girls
• Ratio is 3 to 5 boys is to 1 girl

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ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
• Identified by Hans Asperger (1994)
• A developmental disorder which has
many symptoms similar to autism
• Mild form than autism because they
have higher mental functioning

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ASPERGER’S SYNDROME
• Autistics hare likely to have mental
retardation than Asperger’s
Syndrome
- the latter having average or above
average intelligence

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REFERENCES
Cherry, Kendra (2019). How Lewis Terman Influenced The Field Of
Psychology. Retrieved February 1, 2020, from
https://www.verywellmind.com/lewis-terman-biography-2795523.