Software cross licensing and patent troll .

3. Software cross licensing agreement
A cross-licensing agreement
is a contract between two or
more parties where each
party grants rights to
their intellectual property to
the other parties.

4. software cross licensing Cont…
• Thus by cross licensing, each party maintains
their freedom to bring the commercial
product to market.
• Parties that enter into cross-licensing
agreements must be careful not to
violate antitrust laws and regulations

5. Intellectual Property
• Intellectual property (or "IP") is a category
of property that includes intangible creations
of the human intellect

6. Intellectual Property
Some types of intellectual property:
• Copyright
• Trademark
• Patent

7. Intellectual property (Cont…)
• . It also includes other types of rights,
such as trade secrets, publicity rights,
moral rights, and rights against unfair
competition.
• Intellectual property law has evolved
over centuries.

8. Intellectual property (Cont…)
• . Artistic works like music and literature,
as well as some discoveries, inventions,
words, phrases, symbols, and designs can
all be protected as intellectual property.

9. Intellectual Property Laws:
• Copyright law
i. Protects authored works
• Patent laws
i. Protected invention
• Trade secret laws
i. Help safeguard information critical to an
organization’s success

10. Copyright
• Copyright is a legal right created by the law of
a country that grants the creator of an original
work exclusive rights for its use and
distribution.
• This is usually only for a limited time.
• Copyrights are granted for a limited ,but long,
time [Life+50 yrs in 1976;1998:life+70 yrs]

11. Copyright (cont…)
• Types of work that can be Copyright
- Architecture - Music
- Art
- Audiovisual works - Pictures
- Choreography - sculptures
- Drama - sound recording

12. Copyright (Cont…)
• Copyrights are considered "territorial rights",
which means that they do not extend beyond
the territory of a specific jurisdiction.
• While many aspects of national copyright laws
have been standardized through international
copyright agreements, copyright laws vary by
country.

13. Trade secret
• A trade secret is
a formula, practice, process, design, instrume
nt, pattern, commercial method, or
compilation of information not generally
known or reasonably ascertainable by others
by which a business can obtain an economic
advantage over competitors or customers.

14. Trade secret Laws
• Uniform Trade Secrets Act (USTA) established
uniformity in trade secret law
• Trade secret
- Business information
- Some degree of uniqueness.
- Generally unknown to the public
- Kept confidential

15. Trade secret laws ( cont…)
• Information is only considered a trade secret if
the company takes steps to protect it.
• Greatest threat to loss of company trade
secret is employees.

16. Trade secret laws (cont…)
• Trade secret laws has a few key advantages
over patents and copyrights
- No time limitations
- No need to file an application
-No filling or application fee
• Laws doesn’t prevent someone from using the
same idea if it is developed independently.

17. What is Patent
• A patent is a government license that gives
the holder exclusive rights to a process, design
or new invention for a limited period of time.
Applications for patents are usually handled
by a government agency.
• Issued by the U.S patent and trademark office
(USPTO)
• Allows legal action against violators.

18. Patent (cont…)
• An invention must pass four tests
1. Must be in of the five statutory classes of items
- Processes
- Machines
- Manufactures (such as object made by human and
machines)
- Composition of matter ( such as chemical compounds)
- New uses of any of the previous classes.

19. Patent (cont…)
2. Must be useful
3. Must be novel
4. Must not be obvious to a person having
ordinary skill in the same field.

20. Patent ( cont…)
• Items cannot be patented if they are
- Abstract ideas
- Laws of nature
- Natural phenomena

21. Defensive Publishing
• A defensive publication, is an intellectual
property strategy used to prevent another
party from obtaining a patent on a product,
apparatus or method for instance.

22. Patent troll
• A company that obtains the rights to one or
more patents in order to profit by means of
licensing or litigation, rather than by
producing its own goods or services.