The document summarizes several key aspects of the integumentary system: - The thickest skin is on the palms and soles, around 4mm thick on feet, while the thinnest skin is on eyelids and lips. - There are two main types of sweat glands - eccrine glands all over the body, and apocrine glands developing at puberty near hair follicles, which produce body odor. - Various skin conditions and features are described like wrinkles, scars, keloids, eczema, alopecia, warts, acne, and boils. Their causes and characteristics are summarized. - Hair growth cycles through anagen,

1. The Integumentary System:
Hair, Skin, & Nails
Student Slides

2. What is the thickest skin on our body? Thinnest?
Jennifer Alexandre
Brijonta London
Jaime Del Toro
Christian Laulu
Period: 2
The thickest skin in our body is found on the palms of our hand and soles of our feet. It is
approximately 4mm thick on our feet. Both of these areas are hairless and the skin on your feet
spreads so it cover your heels and that makes it thicker. The thinnest skin on our body is on our
eyelids and lips.
Our skin can thin, when the hypodermis or subcutaneous layer looses fat. When our skin gets too
thin, it may become wrinkly. When skin gets too thin and wrinkly, that causes skin to be bruised
more easily. The collagen and elastin is what makes our skin strong and thick. The collagen’s
function is to make our skin firm, and the elastin is responsible for elasticity. Our skin contains
three layers, known as the epidermis, the dermis, and the hypodermis. The epidermal layer is the
outer layer, and it’s visible. However, the dermis is another layer and that is the thick layer of skin
under the epidermis.
Your thickest
skin
Your thinnest
skin

3. Libby Chuong
Chumiya Wiley
Angie Nanphosy
Why does some sweat stink? Are there different types of sweat?
Eccrine sweat glands are all
over the body, but most
concentrated on hands,
feet, and forehead. The
hypothalamus senses the
body’s internal
temperature is rising and
sends signals to the sweat
glands to start cooling the
body by secreting sweat.
Apocrine sweat glands
don’t develop until
puberty. Found around
the genitals, breasts, and
around the belly button.
These sweat glands play
a role in sexual
attraction.
Sweat doesn't stink. The smell of body odor comes from normal skin bacteria breaking
down secretions that are being released from the sweat glands. There are two types of
sweat glands, eccrine sweat glands and apocrine sweat glands. The eccrine sweat
glands iare the type that’s all over most of the body. Apocrine sweat glands are in the
areas where there is hair. The apocrine sweat glands causes body odor, but body odor
usually starts during puberty when these glands develop.

4. How does hair grow on our bodies & heads?
Hair is any of the fine threadlike strands growing from the
skin of humans, mammals, and etc. There are three phases of
hair growth. Anagen, when cell of the root divides, hair forms
and pushes the hair up the follicle and out. Catagen, growth
stops and the outer root sheath shrinks and attach to the root
of the hair. Telogen, hair follicle is at rest and the catagen is
completely formed. Hairs on the body have very short active
growth phase. Some facts about hair: You are born with all of
the follicles you will ever have, about 5 million. You have
about 100,000 follicles on your scalp, which is the skin on your
head. People with more hair follicles are mostly likely to get
bedbugs.

5. Why do we have fingernails?
Fingernails are a feature that distinguish us from others but that’s not the reason we
evolved to have them. Fingernails are also thought to be flattened claws. Fingernails can tell you
if you had health problems by the color and the texture of your nails. Nails are tools. Nails may
be vestigial of humanity’s wild past. Fingernails help humans to scratch things, peel fruits, open
things, pick away the outer layers of other edibles, undo knots, and perform a variety of other
tasks. Fingernails helps the hand to grip things and start rips and tears. Nails are made of keratin,
a type of protein.
Warnings your fingernails
can send.
Lily Ros
Lawrence La
Brayan Chino
Period 2
Fingernails help
humans scratch
parts of their
bodies.

6. Fingerprints
● Fingerprints helps improve your sense of touch.
● Fingerprints increase the surface area on our skin allowing us to have a better grip on things
● They also help identify people but can do much more.
● The prints on your finger are important because they can help you identify texture.
● Fingerprints don’t change over time in fact two identical twins won't have the same fingerprints,
fingerprints develop in the womb and remain the same all through life.
● Our fingerprints are produced from a layer skin called Papillary layer, which a layer within the
dermis layer of skin.
● Fingerprints are not a wrinkle in the body, the swirls on our finger just help us with grip.
● Our prints never change even if you cut off your finger and it grows back. Our print is the same
our entire lives.
● Our fingerprints can reduce friction to hold objects better.
● Nobody’s fingerprint is the same.
Eddie Bibriesca
Gabriel Byrd
Senayt Sium
Period 2

7. Scars are what form when you have acne, surgery, accidents,etc. They are part of the body’s natural
healing process and way for the body to protect injured areas.
Symptoms of scars are firm pink to purple tissue that eventually becomes flat and light. What causes
scars are a damaged dermis. The appearance of scars than be minimized with treatment, for example
injecting steriods wich will decrease inflammation or silicone sheets can be applied that will flatten
the scar.
INTERESTING FACT: SCARS TAKE ABOUT ONE FULL CALENDAR YEAR TO COMPLETELY FADE, SOFTEN,
AND FLATTEN
This right here is
a acne scar.
This right here is
a accident that is
healed.
This right here
is a surgery scar

8. When the skin is injured, scar tissue forms over the wound to repair and protect the injury.
Sometimes the scar tissue grows excessively, forming smooth and hard growths known as keloids.
Keloids are much larger than the original wound and they’re most commonly found on the chest,
shoulders, and cheeks. However, keloids can also affect other body areas.
Don’t be alarmed, there is treatment for keloid scars, including steroid injections, laser treatment,
drug treatment, and surgical removal.
A keloid scar is in a way a mutation.
In this case it would be about over-
growing the tissue causing it to look
plumped up. Originally it started as
a cut but by the end the scar over
grows around the cut causing it to
look lumpy.(not contagious but is
genetic)
Hector, Danii
Makayla,Vinh
A keloid can sometimes come from
piercings that get infected when they
aren’t taken care of. The keloid forms
around the back of the piercing. As
seen in the picture, the keloid is in
the back of the ear where the back of
the piercing would be.
Keloid Scars

9. Wrinkles
Wrinkles are a physical condition
that shows creases and lines in the
skin.Wrinkling is not contagious and
it doesn’t affect health. Overtime
the cells of our skin divide more
slowly and the dermis layer starts to
thin out causing our skin to lose its
structure. Another way to get
wrinkles over time is being exposed
to sunlight, causing damage to the
outer layer of skin. There is no cure
but there is treatment like Botox
which reduces wrinkles or
creams/lotion.
AllexHo, Johnnathan Mam, Nathan
Phanh, Paola Santos
The left side of his
face is wrinkled
from being a truck
driver and having
one side of his
face exposed to
the sun for 30
years.
Over time our
dermis loses
collagen fibers
so we get
wrinkles.Fun Fact: Smiling can cause wrinkles

10. What is Eczema?
Eczema is a very dry and scaly skin rash that is not contagious. It turns the skin itchy and red that can appear all
over the body that becomes irritant. It is a common type of skin condition that affects the skin’s ability to hold
moisture and this causes the skin to flare up into an itchy rash. It is found in families with a history of
allergies/asthma. Unfortunately, there is no cure for eczema but it is manageable using prescribed ointments and
creams that contains corticosteroids. About 90% of individuals with eczema get it under the age of 5.
This picture shows
eczema on the
forehead going down
under the eyes.
This is picture
shows eczema on
a baby’s cheeks.
Amber L, Iyonna G, Juan S, Da’Yani R

11. Alopecia Areata (A.A)
What is it and what causes it?
This is an autoimmune disease
(your own immune system)
attacks your hair follicles
thinking your hair is a foreign
body) causing your hair to fall
out in small patches. This can
happen anywhere on the body
from the scalp to even your
armpits. For most people with
A.A, their patches will last from
one month to a year, then
grows back.
You may have A.A if:
• Have sudden hair loss in
patches
• Tingling sensation and/ or
mild itching in patched area
• Small pen dents on nails
Is it contagious?
It is not contagious, it is carried
through genetics.
Is it curable?
It is not curable but you can treat it
with corticosteroids and anti-
inflammatory drugs.
Interesting facts:
• Approximately 2% of the
world is affected by this.
• Men and women equally get
A.A.

12. WARTS
Symptoms: Small,fleshy,grainy bumps,flesh-
colored,white,pink or tan,rough to touch,sprinkled
with black pinpoints,which are small,clotted blood
vessels.
Warts are cause by the human papillomavirus (HPV).
Papillomavirus is a virus that cause different type of
warts.
Yes, warts are contagious becuase you can get them
by touching some who has warts. Fun fact:there are
five type of warts. Children,young adults and people
with weak immune systems have a higher risk of
getting common warts.
In this picture it’s showing the different type
of warts :Planlar, Peniungual, Common, Flat
In this picture it shows
how the wart look on the
inside .
Jillian, Brittney, Arayah

13. Acne
Acne is a skin condition that takes the form of small
bumps. Some symptoms include skin rashes, bumps,
boils, red spots, and tenderness. It is caused when the
tiny opening for hair pores gets plugged with oil, dead
skin, or bacteria. Acne is not contagious. Acne can be
cured over time, however it won’t just vanish. Acne
will not improve/clear up by washing your face more
often.
Vu Nguyen, Alex Hernandez, Alexa Jones

14. Boils
A boil or skin abscess is a collection of pus that
forms in the skin. It is a firm reddened pus-filled
bump, with tender swollen skin surrounding it.
Boils usually start as red, tender lumps. People
who have ingrown hairs are more likely to get
boils. Antibiotics can treat it, hot packs and
draining. Most boils resolve on their own or with
home remedies. Chronic recurring boils is
referred to as Furunculosis and Carbunculosis.
Boils are contagious: they can be spread it
through skin-by-skin contact and contaminated
objects. Boils can be dangerous typically due to
the staph bacteria that causes boils and this
bacteria can be spread to objects and other
people through physical contact.
You can get boils
anywhere on your skin.
Khalida Omari
Shania Calimee
Sa Huahulu

15. Tinea Fungus
Tinea Fungus (Athlete's foot, Ringworm, Jock itch) is caused
by a type dermatophyte (a fungi that lives on skin, hair, nails
and moist areas). Tinea Fungus can be caused by oily skin,
or hot climates, and a low immune system.
It is a contagious fungal infection but it can be cured by using
antifungal cream. Tinea Fungus causes itching, rashes,
blisters, bald spots on scalp, and discoloration of nails.
For males, itching- a
symptom of Tinea Fungus,
is most common in the
groin because of warmth
and moisture.
Athlete’s foot : Itchy patches, red rash and marks.
burning
Terri T. & Eliza P.

16. Vitiligo
By: Isys, Jo, and Hitesh
What is Vitiligo?
Vitiligo is a disease caused by the loss of
pigment producing cells; causes a loss of
pigment, making blotches/ patches to
appear on the skin. It is usually more
noticeable in darker people and can affect
the mouth, hair and/or eyes.
Symptoms:
Symptoms include loss of skin color, early
whitening or graying of the hair on your
scalp, eyelashes, eyebrows or beard
(commonly before age of 35), loss of
color in the tissue of your mouth or nose,
or change in the retina, and even color
change around the armpits, navel,
genitals & rectum.
How do people get Vitiligo?:
Vitiligo is hereditary, but it can also be triggered
by sunburn, stress, or exposure to industrial
chemicals, or when the cells that make
melanin die or stop functioning properly.
Treatments:
The treatments vary from sunscreen, to
ultraviolet radiation. Even though the
treatments are able to help the appearance of
the affected skin, Vitiligo has no possible cure.

17. Rachel Hilao
Vien Khong
Tony Zhang
Impetigo is a severe skin disease that is highly contagious. The
bacterial skin infection forms pus and yellow sores. It can occur on the
face, neck, hands, and the diaper area. These are the following
conditions: a red spot around the infected area and itching.
This infection can be caused by two different bacteria, streptococcus
pyogenes and staphylococcus aureus.The infection could be treated by
antibiotic ointment. If it goes to an extreme level, the doctor will
provide antibiotic pills or liquid. The bacteria will fully die after seven
to ten days. An interesting fact is that there are two types of infection:
bullous and nonbullous. Non-bullous infections are small patches of
crusted skin, and bullous are large patches of infected skin filled with
fluid.