Institutionalized racism
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This document discusses institutionalized racism in post-Reconstruction America. After the Civil War, the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments outlawed slavery and granted citizenship and voting rights to African Americans. However, white supremacist groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation to take away these rights. The Supreme Court also upheld "separate but equal" policies like Jim Crow laws, legitimizing racial segregation and discrimination until 1954.
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Standard 10
Presidential Reconstruction aimed to quickly readmit southern states to the Union with lenient terms, but it failed to protect the rights of freed slaves. Radical Republican Reconstruction required southern states to rewrite constitutions guaranteeing black rights and ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. However, the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction, removing federal troops and protection for freed slaves as the South imposed Jim Crow laws and disenfranchised most black voters.
Jim crow era
The document summarizes the failure of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the post-Civil War South. It explains that Reconstruction did not achieve economic or equal rights gains for freed African Americans. After Reconstruction ended, Southern states passed "Black Codes" and later "Jim Crow" laws that legalized racial segregation and discrimination. The Supreme Court upheld these laws in Plessy v. Ferguson, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine. African Americans faced racism in the North as well and began migrating in large numbers during the Great Migration. There were also disagreements over the best strategies for achieving racial equality, with Booker T. Washington advocating for economic success and W.E.B. Du Bo
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The document discusses the end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States. After Reconstruction ended in 1877, the federal troops withdrew from the South and the Freedmen's Bureau was shut down. Without these protections, racist Southern states passed Jim Crow laws that segregated public spaces and denied African Americans their civil and political rights, such as requiring poll taxes to vote. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation to enforce racial segregation and prevent African Americans from exercising their rights.
Usii.3a notes
The document discusses the Reconstruction Amendments - the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution. It provides that the 13th Amendment banned slavery, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born in the US, and the 15th Amendment ensured the right to vote regardless of race or previous servitude. Together, these amendments guaranteed equal protection under the law for all citizens.
Civil Rights
Civil rights remain an important issue in the US despite gains such as the Voting Rights Act and ADA. The document discusses the history of civil rights movements and legislation regarding minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups. It outlines key Supreme Court cases and amendments that have shaped understandings of equality, discrimination, and equal protection under the law over time.
Usii.4c notes
The document summarizes discrimination and segregation against African Americans after Reconstruction. It explains that "Jim Crow" laws institutionalized legal segregation across many states, separating public facilities by race. While segregation primarily targeted African Americans, other groups were also affected. The document notes that African American responses to discrimination differed, with Booker T. Washington accepting social separation in exchange for vocational education, while W.E.B. Du Bois advocated for full and immediate political, civil, and social rights.
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This document summarizes over 50 Supreme Court rulings, Congressional acts, and other events related to civil rights in the United States from the 1860s to the 1980s. Some key takeaways are: the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling established the "separate but equal" doctrine; the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling overturned legal racial segregation in schools; and the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were major pieces of legislation that outlawed racial discrimination and expanded voting rights.
Jim Crow Law
The document traces the history of slavery and civil rights for African Americans in the United States from the 1600s through the 1960s. It notes that by the 1660s, most Africans in the American colonies were enslaved and used to work plantations. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in 1865, while the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to freed slaves. In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation. The Civil Rights Movement led to landmark legislation like the Voting Rights Act of 1965, combating racist voter disenfranchisement laws and practices.
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Standard 10
Presidential Reconstruction aimed to quickly readmit southern states to the Union with lenient terms, but it failed to protect the rights of freed slaves. Radical Republican Reconstruction required southern states to rewrite constitutions guaranteeing black rights and ratify the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments. However, the Compromise of 1877 ended Reconstruction, removing federal troops and protection for freed slaves as the South imposed Jim Crow laws and disenfranchised most black voters.
Jim crow era
The document summarizes the failure of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the post-Civil War South. It explains that Reconstruction did not achieve economic or equal rights gains for freed African Americans. After Reconstruction ended, Southern states passed "Black Codes" and later "Jim Crow" laws that legalized racial segregation and discrimination. The Supreme Court upheld these laws in Plessy v. Ferguson, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine. African Americans faced racism in the North as well and began migrating in large numbers during the Great Migration. There were also disagreements over the best strategies for achieving racial equality, with Booker T. Washington advocating for economic success and W.E.B. Du Bo
Reconstruction unit lesson 4 - jim crow laws - power point
The document discusses the end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States. After Reconstruction ended in 1877, the federal troops withdrew from the South and the Freedmen's Bureau was shut down. Without these protections, racist Southern states passed Jim Crow laws that segregated public spaces and denied African Americans their civil and political rights, such as requiring poll taxes to vote. Groups like the Ku Klux Klan used violence and intimidation to enforce racial segregation and prevent African Americans from exercising their rights.
Usii.3a notes
The document discusses the Reconstruction Amendments - the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to the US Constitution. It provides that the 13th Amendment banned slavery, the 14th Amendment granted citizenship and equal protection under the law to all born in the US, and the 15th Amendment ensured the right to vote regardless of race or previous servitude. Together, these amendments guaranteed equal protection under the law for all citizens.
Civil Rights
Civil rights remain an important issue in the US despite gains such as the Voting Rights Act and ADA. The document discusses the history of civil rights movements and legislation regarding minorities, women, people with disabilities, and other groups. It outlines key Supreme Court cases and amendments that have shaped understandings of equality, discrimination, and equal protection under the law over time.
Usii.4c notes
The document summarizes discrimination and segregation against African Americans after Reconstruction. It explains that "Jim Crow" laws institutionalized legal segregation across many states, separating public facilities by race. While segregation primarily targeted African Americans, other groups were also affected. The document notes that African American responses to discrimination differed, with Booker T. Washington accepting social separation in exchange for vocational education, while W.E.B. Du Bois advocated for full and immediate political, civil, and social rights.
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This document summarizes over 50 Supreme Court rulings, Congressional acts, and other events related to civil rights in the United States from the 1860s to the 1980s. Some key takeaways are: the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson ruling established the "separate but equal" doctrine; the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education ruling overturned legal racial segregation in schools; and the Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 were major pieces of legislation that outlawed racial discrimination and expanded voting rights.
Jim Crow Law
The document traces the history of slavery and civil rights for African Americans in the United States from the 1600s through the 1960s. It notes that by the 1660s, most Africans in the American colonies were enslaved and used to work plantations. The Thirteenth Amendment abolished slavery in 1865, while the Fourteenth Amendment granted citizenship to freed slaves. In 1896, the Supreme Court upheld the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation. The Civil Rights Movement led to landmark legislation like the Voting Rights Act of 1965, combating racist voter disenfranchisement laws and practices.
1 causes and compromises
The early 1800s saw many conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new states. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 created a line dividing free and slave states, but this was challenged by the California gold rush and its desire to join as a free state. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as free and included the Fugitive Slave Act, while popular sovereignty was established for the Mexican Cession territories. Further tensions arose from the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealing the Missouri Compromise and Bleeding Kansas violence, leading to the formation of the Republican Party opposing slavery's spread.
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Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It began when Linda Brown, an African American girl, was denied entrance to her local white school. Her father brought a case arguing segregation harmed children's development. The Court ruled segregation violated the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.
Gideon v. Wainwright established the right to counsel in criminal cases. Clarence Gideon was denied a lawyer after requesting a public defender for his felony trial. The Supreme Court ruled states must provide counsel to criminal defendants unable to afford their own attorney.
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Early african american history
Slavery began with Africans being captured and sold as slaves in British colonies. Abolitionists opposed slavery starting in the late 1700s and several northern states outlawed the practice, though political compromises allowed it to continue in southern states. The Dred Scott decision denied citizenship to African Americans. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves, though Jim Crow laws imposed segregation and denied many rights until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
Civil rights legislation
The document outlines key events and figures in the American civil rights movement. It discusses amendments that ended slavery and guaranteed equal rights under the law. Pivotal Supreme Court cases established that African Americans could not be citizens and justified segregation until Brown v. Board of Education ruled it unconstitutional. The Little Rock Nine desegregated a school despite protests. Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks led nonviolent protests, while Malcolm X advocated black pride. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson pushed for civil rights legislation through acts that banned discrimination. Protest methods included civil disobedience, sit-ins, and unity marches.
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This lecture is devoted to the Jim Crow Era. It relates the different civil rights cases that marked the beginnings of the era, and sheds light on black disenfranchisement in the Southern states as well as segration in both public and private spheres
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The document summarizes Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation. It describes how Jim Crow originated from racist minstrel shows and the Black Codes passed after the Civil War. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing racial segregation in public facilities. As a result, Jim Crow laws mandated the separation of public services and facilities for blacks and whites.
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The document summarizes key events and movements in the African American fight for civil rights from the Civil War to the present. It discusses the founding of the NAACP in 1909 and important protests like the Montgomery Bus Boycott. It also outlines influential Supreme Court cases and executive orders that overturned racial segregation and extended voting rights, citizenship, and equal protection under the law to African Americans. The document traces the progression of civil rights through nonviolent protest, legislative action, and judicial rulings.
Slavery compromises
The document summarizes several compromises that were attempted in the United States in the 1800s to address the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories:
- The Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but banned slavery in territories above the 36°30' parallel, except Missouri.
- The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 also organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sovereignty, fueling tensions and violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" over the slavery issue.
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The document summarizes efforts to end segregation in the 1940s-1950s. It discusses key court cases like Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine. It also describes resistance to desegregation efforts, like when the National Guard blocked black students from entering a white school in Little Rock. The Montgomery bus boycott is summarized, sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest, which launched Martin Luther King Jr. to prominence and proved nonviolent protest could achieve change.
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While progress has been made, African Americans still face challenges in achieving full equality, justice and equal treatment under the law. More work remains to dismantle systemic racism and ensure all people are treated fairly regardless of race.
Civil Rights Cases
The document summarizes key civil rights legislation and court cases in the United States from 1896 to 1968. It discusses pivotal Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the "separate but equal" doctrine, and Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned it. It also outlines laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, passed after JFK's assassination, which banned discrimination based on race, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which protected voting rights for minorities. The document provides context on the struggles African Americans faced in gaining equal rights and access to education, voting, and public facilities.
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Segregation was still widespread after World War II, especially in the American South where Jim Crow laws mandated separation of public facilities by race. In the 1940s-1950s, some institutions like professional sports and the military began integrating. The Supreme Court also started dismantling Jim Crow with rulings like Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. This marked the beginning of a new era in the fight for civil rights in America.
Ch 11 Slavery In The Old South
Three out of four white southerners did not own slaves and lived on self-sufficient farms with little education. While most supported slavery, some like Andrew Johnson dissented against the wealthy planter elite. Slavery was central to the Southern economy and way of life, with the majority of slaves working on cotton plantations. Slave owners argued slavery was justified by the Bible and necessary for maintaining a hierarchical society that guaranteed white liberty and equality. Slaves faced severe legal restrictions and punishment for disobedience.
Civil Rights up to 1960
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 to 1865, and African Americans faced widespread discrimination through segregation and lack of rights until the civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s. Key events and figures in the fight for racial equality included Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 which overturned legal segregation of public schools, the Montgomery bus boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., and the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which increased protections for African American voting rights. Despite these advances, full integration of public spaces and voting rights for African Americans were still resisted in many southern states.
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After the Civil War, racial discrimination became institutionalized in the United States with the passage of Jim Crow laws that legalized segregation and denied African Americans basic civil rights. Tactics like literacy tests and poll taxes were used to prevent African Americans from voting. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal" and allowed racial segregation to continue for nearly 60 years. It took the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision to begin overturning legalized segregation.
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The document summarizes key events and developments in the American Civil Rights Movement from 1865 to 1968. It describes the post-slavery era following the Civil War, when the South imposed Jim Crow laws disenfranchising black voters. It then discusses the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional and the 1957 integration of Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas after the deployment of federal troops by President Eisenhower.
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From the earliest colonial days, American history has been haunted by the specter of African slavery. Even after its legal abolition in 1865 America's "original sin," as James Madison first called it, lived on through a deeply entrenched system of legal, social, and economic discrimination against African Americans. (Madison, 1820)
(Click button for citation)
The movement to overturn that systemic discrimination has been ongoing for more than 150 years. The most blatant form of racial discrimination—the system of de jure segregation* enacted in the South, which legally required the discriminatory treatment of African Americans—was essentially abolished by federal legislation, including the Voting Rights Act, in the 1960s. But the problem of de facto segregation* has long been a fact of life not only in the South but throughout the nation.
It continued—in the segregated schools of cities such as Boston, and the segregated housing markets of cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles—long after the legal and political battles of the modern Civil Rights Movement* had ended. While African Americans, as a group, have made significant gains in income and educational attainment over the last 50 years, de facto segregation continues to affect many aspects of American life. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012; National Center for Education Statistics, 2012)
In this theme, we will focus on the modern Civil Rights Movement, looking at efforts to affirm and expand African-American rights in two specific areas that have been central to the overall civil rights struggle: voting and public education. The fight to end the disenfranchisement of African-American voters and secure their right to vote, free from intimidation and legal obstruction, culminated with the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. The struggle to desegregate public schools and win equal educational opportunities for African-American children—first affirmed in the landmark Supreme Court case, Brown v. Board of Education (1954)*—has continued for generations. In this theme, we will look specifically at the tumultuous and emotionally charged effort to desegregate Boston's public schools in the mid-1970s.
We will use these two case studies to examine the historical concept of contingency* and to learn how to use historical evidence* to draw conclusions about the impact of historical events on American society, through the process of historical analysis*.
Learning Objectives
In this learning block, you will:
· Review the historical context behind the struggle for civil rights for African Americans, the core concept of this theme
· Analyze the relationship between the following key approaches to studying history: research question, historical evidence, and thesis statement
· The Early Struggle for Civil Rights
· The end of the Civil War brought the legal abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment, the first of the three so-called Civil War Amendments*. But the end o.
The Civil Rights Movemen 07
The Civil Rights Movement took place from 1954 to 1968 and sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key leaders included Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. Major events and accomplishments included the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling in 1954 declaring segregation unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956 protesting segregation on buses led by Rosa Parks, the Little Rock Nine integration crisis of 1957, sit-ins starting in 1960 to protest segregated lunch counters, the March on Washington in 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 banning discrimination and protecting voting rights.
(12) the civil rights movement
The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
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1 causes and compromises
The early 1800s saw many conflicts over the expansion of slavery into new states. The Missouri Compromise of 1820 created a line dividing free and slave states, but this was challenged by the California gold rush and its desire to join as a free state. The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as free and included the Fugitive Slave Act, while popular sovereignty was established for the Mexican Cession territories. Further tensions arose from the Kansas-Nebraska Act repealing the Missouri Compromise and Bleeding Kansas violence, leading to the formation of the Republican Party opposing slavery's spread.
Callie Smith
Brown v. Board of Education was a landmark 1954 Supreme Court case that ruled racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional. It began when Linda Brown, an African American girl, was denied entrance to her local white school. Her father brought a case arguing segregation harmed children's development. The Court ruled segregation violated the 14th Amendment's equal protection clause.
Gideon v. Wainwright established the right to counsel in criminal cases. Clarence Gideon was denied a lawyer after requesting a public defender for his felony trial. The Supreme Court ruled states must provide counsel to criminal defendants unable to afford their own attorney.
The 14th Amendment, ratified in 1868, granted citizenship and equal protection
Early african american history
Slavery began with Africans being captured and sold as slaves in British colonies. Abolitionists opposed slavery starting in the late 1700s and several northern states outlawed the practice, though political compromises allowed it to continue in southern states. The Dred Scott decision denied citizenship to African Americans. The Civil War and Emancipation Proclamation freed slaves, though Jim Crow laws imposed segregation and denied many rights until the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s and 1960s.
Civil rights legislation
The document outlines key events and figures in the American civil rights movement. It discusses amendments that ended slavery and guaranteed equal rights under the law. Pivotal Supreme Court cases established that African Americans could not be citizens and justified segregation until Brown v. Board of Education ruled it unconstitutional. The Little Rock Nine desegregated a school despite protests. Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks led nonviolent protests, while Malcolm X advocated black pride. Presidents Kennedy and Johnson pushed for civil rights legislation through acts that banned discrimination. Protest methods included civil disobedience, sit-ins, and unity marches.
Jim crow laws
This lecture is devoted to the Jim Crow Era. It relates the different civil rights cases that marked the beginnings of the era, and sheds light on black disenfranchisement in the Southern states as well as segration in both public and private spheres
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While indigenous populations in Canada, the US, and Latin America faced disease, land disputes, and human rights issues following European colonization, their experiences varied. In Canada, treaties established indigenous rights but were sometimes violated, while the US pursued an "Indian removal" policy. In Latin America, indigenous groups faced poverty, poor living conditions, and discrimination. Overall, indigenous rights have improved in recent decades through legislation and court rulings in all three regions, but full equality has yet to be achieved.
Jim Crow
The document summarizes Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision that upheld the constitutionality of racial segregation. It describes how Jim Crow originated from racist minstrel shows and the Black Codes passed after the Civil War. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine, allowing racial segregation in public facilities. As a result, Jim Crow laws mandated the separation of public services and facilities for blacks and whites.
No danny
The document summarizes key events and movements in the African American fight for civil rights from the Civil War to the present. It discusses the founding of the NAACP in 1909 and important protests like the Montgomery Bus Boycott. It also outlines influential Supreme Court cases and executive orders that overturned racial segregation and extended voting rights, citizenship, and equal protection under the law to African Americans. The document traces the progression of civil rights through nonviolent protest, legislative action, and judicial rulings.
Slavery compromises
The document summarizes several compromises that were attempted in the United States in the 1800s to address the issue of expanding slavery into new western territories:
- The Missouri Compromise of 1820 allowed Missouri to enter the union as a slave state but banned slavery in territories above the 36°30' parallel, except Missouri.
- The Compromise of 1850 admitted California as a free state, organized Utah and New Mexico with popular sovereignty, and strengthened the Fugitive Slave Act.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 also organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska with popular sovereignty, fueling tensions and violence known as "Bleeding Kansas" over the slavery issue.
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The document summarizes efforts to end segregation in the 1940s-1950s. It discusses key court cases like Brown v. Board of Education, which ruled that racial segregation in public schools was unconstitutional, overturning the "separate but equal" doctrine. It also describes resistance to desegregation efforts, like when the National Guard blocked black students from entering a white school in Little Rock. The Montgomery bus boycott is summarized, sparked by Rosa Parks' arrest, which launched Martin Luther King Jr. to prominence and proved nonviolent protest could achieve change.
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While progress has been made, African Americans still face challenges in achieving full equality, justice and equal treatment under the law. More work remains to dismantle systemic racism and ensure all people are treated fairly regardless of race.
Civil Rights Cases
The document summarizes key civil rights legislation and court cases in the United States from 1896 to 1968. It discusses pivotal Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, which established the "separate but equal" doctrine, and Brown v. Board of Education, which overturned it. It also outlines laws such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964, passed after JFK's assassination, which banned discrimination based on race, and the Voting Rights Act of 1965, which protected voting rights for minorities. The document provides context on the struggles African Americans faced in gaining equal rights and access to education, voting, and public facilities.
African american 1865 1970
This document summarizes African American history from 1865 to 1970, covering the post-Civil War Reconstruction era, rise of Jim Crow laws enforcing racial segregation, civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s led by Martin Luther King Jr., and desegregation of public schools following the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. Key events mentioned include the 1948 desegregation of the US military by President Truman, lynchings targeting African Americans, and various Jim Crow laws that imposed racial segregation in public facilities, transportation, and accommodations through the early 1970s.
Chapter 44
Segregation was still widespread after World War II, especially in the American South where Jim Crow laws mandated separation of public facilities by race. In the 1940s-1950s, some institutions like professional sports and the military began integrating. The Supreme Court also started dismantling Jim Crow with rulings like Brown v. Board of Education in 1954, which declared racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional. This marked the beginning of a new era in the fight for civil rights in America.
Ch 11 Slavery In The Old South
Three out of four white southerners did not own slaves and lived on self-sufficient farms with little education. While most supported slavery, some like Andrew Johnson dissented against the wealthy planter elite. Slavery was central to the Southern economy and way of life, with the majority of slaves working on cotton plantations. Slave owners argued slavery was justified by the Bible and necessary for maintaining a hierarchical society that guaranteed white liberty and equality. Slaves faced severe legal restrictions and punishment for disobedience.
Civil Rights up to 1960
Slavery existed in the United States from 1619 to 1865, and African Americans faced widespread discrimination through segregation and lack of rights until the civil rights movement of the 1950s-1960s. Key events and figures in the fight for racial equality included Brown v. Board of Education in 1954 which overturned legal segregation of public schools, the Montgomery bus boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., and the Civil Rights Act of 1957 which increased protections for African American voting rights. Despite these advances, full integration of public spaces and voting rights for African Americans were still resisted in many southern states.
Week 7 day two civil rights 1940s 50s
After World War II, African Americans continued facing widespread legal and social segregation despite some gains. They began challenging segregation through legal and protest efforts, including the historic 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declaring segregated schools unconstitutional, and the 1955 Montgomery bus boycott organized by Martin Luther King Jr in response to Rosa Parks' arrest. However, massive resistance to desegregation persisted through the late 1950s, such as when the National Guard blocked African American students from attending a desegregated high school in Little Rock, Arkansas in 1957.
Topic 9 racial discrimination Industrial Era
After the Civil War, racial discrimination became institutionalized in the United States with the passage of Jim Crow laws that legalized segregation and denied African Americans basic civil rights. Tactics like literacy tests and poll taxes were used to prevent African Americans from voting. The 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal" and allowed racial segregation to continue for nearly 60 years. It took the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education decision to begin overturning legalized segregation.
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Similar to Institutionalized racism
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The document summarizes key events and developments in the American Civil Rights Movement from 1865 to 1968. It describes the post-slavery era following the Civil War, when the South imposed Jim Crow laws disenfranchising black voters. It then discusses the 1954 Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declaring racial segregation in public schools unconstitutional and the 1957 integration of Little Rock Central High School in Arkansas after the deployment of federal troops by President Eisenhower.
The Struggle for Civil RightsFrom the earliest colonial days, Am.docx
The Struggle for Civil Rights
From the earliest colonial days, American history has been haunted by the specter of African slavery. Even after its legal abolition in 1865 America's "original sin," as James Madison first called it, lived on through a deeply entrenched system of legal, social, and economic discrimination against African Americans. (Madison, 1820)
(Click button for citation)
The movement to overturn that systemic discrimination has been ongoing for more than 150 years. The most blatant form of racial discrimination—the system of de jure segregation* enacted in the South, which legally required the discriminatory treatment of African Americans—was essentially abolished by federal legislation, including the Voting Rights Act, in the 1960s. But the problem of de facto segregation* has long been a fact of life not only in the South but throughout the nation.
It continued—in the segregated schools of cities such as Boston, and the segregated housing markets of cities such as Chicago and Los Angeles—long after the legal and political battles of the modern Civil Rights Movement* had ended. While African Americans, as a group, have made significant gains in income and educational attainment over the last 50 years, de facto segregation continues to affect many aspects of American life. (U.S. Census Bureau, 2012; National Center for Education Statistics, 2012)
In this theme, we will focus on the modern Civil Rights Movement, looking at efforts to affirm and expand African-American rights in two specific areas that have been central to the overall civil rights struggle: voting and public education. The fight to end the disenfranchisement of African-American voters and secure their right to vote, free from intimidation and legal obstruction, culminated with the passage of the Voting Rights Act in 1965. The struggle to desegregate public schools and win equal educational opportunities for African-American children—first affirmed in the landmark Supreme Court case, Brown v. Board of Education (1954)*—has continued for generations. In this theme, we will look specifically at the tumultuous and emotionally charged effort to desegregate Boston's public schools in the mid-1970s.
We will use these two case studies to examine the historical concept of contingency* and to learn how to use historical evidence* to draw conclusions about the impact of historical events on American society, through the process of historical analysis*.
Learning Objectives
In this learning block, you will:
· Review the historical context behind the struggle for civil rights for African Americans, the core concept of this theme
· Analyze the relationship between the following key approaches to studying history: research question, historical evidence, and thesis statement
· The Early Struggle for Civil Rights
· The end of the Civil War brought the legal abolition of slavery by the Thirteenth Amendment, the first of the three so-called Civil War Amendments*. But the end o.
The Civil Rights Movemen 07
The Civil Rights Movement took place from 1954 to 1968 and sought to end racial segregation and discrimination against African Americans. Key leaders included Martin Luther King Jr. and Rosa Parks. Major events and accomplishments included the Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling in 1954 declaring segregation unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956 protesting segregation on buses led by Rosa Parks, the Little Rock Nine integration crisis of 1957, sit-ins starting in 1960 to protest segregated lunch counters, the March on Washington in 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. gave his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and Voting Rights Act of 1965 banning discrimination and protecting voting rights.
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The document summarizes key events and developments in the Civil Rights movement in the United States, including important Supreme Court cases (Plessy v Ferguson, Brown v Board of Education), civil rights legislation (Civil Rights Acts of 1957 and 1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965), and influential figures and events (Jackie Robinson breaking the color barrier in baseball, Rosa Parks and the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by MLK, MLK's "I Have a Dream" speech). Key amendments to the Constitution and executive orders aimed to abolish slavery and provide equal protection under the law.
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The document discusses the Reconstruction Era and the establishment of segregation in the United States after the Civil War. It describes how Black Codes were implemented after the Civil War to restrict the rights of African Americans, despite the 13th and 15th Amendments guaranteeing freedom and right to vote. It also explains how the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision established the "separate but equal" doctrine allowing racial segregation under Jim Crow laws, though facilities for black Americans were inferior.
Staar 12 civil rights years1
The document provides background information on key events and developments in the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the post-Civil War era through the 1960s. It discusses the passage of the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments after the Civil War which helped establish equal protection under the law. It then outlines important Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson, Sweatt v. Painter, and Brown v. Board of Education that challenged racial segregation. It also summarizes civil rights events and protests like the Montgomery Bus Boycott and March on Washington, as well as the passage of civil rights legislation in the 1950s-1960s that aimed to end discrimination and enforce voting rights.
Civil rights in the usa 18651992
This document summarizes civil rights in the USA from 1865 to 1992 for African Americans, trade unions, Native Americans, and women. It discusses key events and legislation such as the emancipation of slaves in 1865, the Jim Crow era of the late 19th century, important Supreme Court cases like Plessy v. Ferguson and Brown v. Board of Education, and the civil rights movement of the 1950s-60s led by figures like Martin Luther King Jr. It also outlines the roles of various pro-civil rights organizations and anti-civil rights groups in the struggle for equal rights.
Civil rights movement 1
The document provides context and background information on the Civil Rights Movement in the United States, including:
1) It discusses the Reconstruction Era after the Civil War and the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments that aimed to abolish slavery and prohibit discrimination.
2) It describes the rise of Jim Crow laws in the late 19th century that enforced racial segregation and discrimination. This included the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling that upheld the doctrine of "separate but equal".
3) It discusses how the Civil Rights Movement gained momentum in the 1940s-1950s due to the end of discrimination in defense industries during World War 2 and the use of racial issues in Cold
Reconstruction
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Reconstruction ppt
The document summarizes the Reconstruction period after the American Civil War. It describes how the South was devastated after the war and needed to be rebuilt. Reconstruction involved reunifying the nation, establishing the Freedmen's Bureau to help former slaves, and readmitting Confederate states to the Union. However, Southern states passed Black Codes limiting black freedoms, and the Ku Klux Klan emerged targeting blacks and Republicans. Disagreements over Reconstruction policies led to the impeachment of President Johnson. Segregation and Jim Crow laws later enforced racial separation until being outlawed in the 1960s after the Civil Rights Movement.
Civil Rights Overview: IB History of the Americas
Derived from original and multiple unknown sources. Please contact me for creative commons conflict concerns.
Reconstruction
The document summarizes Reconstruction after the American Civil War. It describes how the South was devastated after the war and needed to be rebuilt. It discusses the plans for Reconstruction under President Lincoln and later Congress, including readmitting southern states to the Union, banning slavery, and establishing the Freedmen's Bureau to help former slaves. However, the South passed Black Codes limiting black freedoms and prevented black voting through poll taxes and grandfather clauses, angering Radical Republicans. Congress passed the 13th, 14th, and 15th Amendments to guarantee rights, but the South continued segregationist policies through Jim Crow laws and Plessy v. Ferguson allowed "separate but equal" facilities. Full equality was not
The civil-rights-movement
The Civil Rights Movement
Outline presentation
Introduction
Content
Historical context of Civil Rights Movement
Some of significant movement
The Success and Limitations of the Civil Rights Movement
Quiz
Historical context
The 13th, 14th and 15th Amendments were suppose to protect the rights of African Americans under the U.S. Constitution…
But they did not because of a ruling by the U.S. Supreme Court…
Reconstruction and rights 2011
The document discusses Abraham Lincoln's views on slavery and saving the Union, the establishment of the Freedmen's Bureau after the Civil War to aid refugees, and the passage of amendments and laws aimed at protecting the rights of former slaves. However, southern states later imposed Jim Crow laws and policies like literacy tests and poll taxes to deny African Americans the right to vote and maintain racial segregation.
To kill a mockingbird powerpoint
This PowerPoint presentation traces African American discrimination from the end of the Civil War through the Civil Rights Movement of the 1950s-1960s. It discusses the abolition of slavery, Jim Crow laws that enforced racial segregation, and organizations like the NAACP and KKK that respectively advocated for or opposed equality. Key events covered include the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling, Rosa Parks' bus boycott, and the March on Washington. The goal is to help students understand the historical context and motivations of characters in To Kill a Mockingbird.
BCR
The document discusses several key barriers to civil rights for Black Americans up to 1941, including legal impediments, lack of political influence, and the activities of the Ku Klux Klan. Legally, the 1896 Plessy v. Ferguson Supreme Court decision upheld racial segregation. Politically, Southern states used measures like poll taxes and literacy tests to prevent most Black Americans from voting. Meanwhile, the resurgent Ku Klux Klan used intimidation and violence to oppress Black communities and deter civil rights efforts.
Segregation in the Post World War II Period
The document summarizes segregation and racial discrimination faced by African Americans in the post-World War II period in the United States. It describes how segregation was practiced in schools, housing, marriage, workplaces, and politics through both de jure and de facto means. It also discusses early efforts to challenge segregation through organizations like CORE and NAACP, as well as important court cases that began dismantling Jim Crow laws in the 1930s-1940s. The landmark Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court case in 1954 overturned the separate but equal doctrine and outlawed racial segregation in public schools.
The End of Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow Laws
The document summarizes the end of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the Southern United States after the Civil War. It explains that after Reconstruction ended in 1877, without federal protection, African Americans lost many rights and freedoms. Southern states then began passing Jim Crow laws that legalized racial segregation and discrimination, denying African Americans equal access to public spaces, education, jobs, voting rights, and more. This led to the widespread oppression and disenfranchisement of African Americans under an entrenched system of racial segregation in the South for the next 70+ years.
Civil Rights Movement (1).ppt
we know that sometimes we have to do it late rbut struggling is possible than we havce to do it fasdt for sometime we civil engineers obey our teachers and there demand
Civil Rights Movement.ppt
The document provides background information on the Civil Rights Movement in the United States from the 1950s to 1970s. It describes how prior to the movement, racial segregation and discrimination were enforced through Jim Crow laws in the South and de facto segregation in the North. Key events that advanced civil rights included the Brown v. Board of Education Supreme Court decision in 1954 declaring segregated schools unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott in 1955-1956 protesting segregation in public transit, and the March on Washington in 1963 where Martin Luther King Jr. delivered his iconic "I Have a Dream" speech. The Civil Rights Acts of 1964 and 1968 were passed to prohibit racial segregation and discrimination. The movement achieved many victories but also faced ongoing
Similar to Institutionalized racism (20)
004 The Civil Rights Movement brown v board of ed.pptx
004 The Civil Rights Movement brown v board of ed.pptx
The Struggle for Civil RightsFrom the earliest colonial days, Am.docx
The Struggle for Civil RightsFrom the earliest colonial days, Am.docx
The End of Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow Laws
The End of Reconstruction and the Rise of Jim Crow Laws
More from Emily Holmes
The growth of industrialism
This document discusses the growth of industrialism in the United States in the late 19th century. It describes how technological innovations led to a transformation from an agrarian to an industrial economy, with a shift from farm goods to industry. This industrialization process resulted in urbanization as many migrated from rural to urban areas for new job opportunities. However, the growth of industry also brought poor living and working conditions, long hours, child labor, and other hardships for many Americans.
Immigration
This document provides information about European immigration to the United States between 1865 and 1915. It discusses the types of immigrants, their living and working conditions, and the hardships they faced. Students will assume the role of a European immigrant and record journal entries describing their reasons for leaving their homeland, the journey to America, processing at Ellis Island, living conditions in ethnic enclaves in cities, and working conditions and treatment by native-born Americans.
Claims and evidence immigration
This document provides instruction on writing claims, evidence, and reasoning. It defines a claim as a statement that answers a question or states an opinion. Evidence is defined as facts that support a claim. Reasoning is a justification for how the evidence supports the claim using facts or data. An example is provided of a claim about harsh conditions faced by Chinese immigrants, supported by evidence of a riot targeting Chinese residents and reasoning about further discrimination with the Chinese Exclusion Act.
The creation of new governments
This document provides an overview of the creation of new governments following the American Revolution. It describes how the Articles of Confederation created a very weak national government with limited powers, which led to problems like financial troubles, inflation, and Shays' Rebellion. This convinced leaders that a stronger central government was needed, which led to the drafting of the U.S. Constitution to address the failures of the Articles of Confederation by strengthening the national government while balancing federal and state powers.
Declaration of independence
The document discusses the Declaration of Independence and its relationship to Enlightenment ideas of natural rights and social contract. It provides context for the grievances listed in the Declaration of Independence against King George III, including taxation without representation, imposition of troops, and deprivation of trial by jury. It also summarizes the preamble and conclusion of the Declaration which reference the need to dissolve political ties with the King due to tyranny and assert the right to self-governance.
The vietnamwar
This document provides background on the Vietnam War from 1954 to 1975. It summarizes key events including France's loss of control to Ho Chi Minh's forces in 1954, the division of Vietnam along the 17th parallel, the US escalation of military involvement under Kennedy and Johnson, the Tet Offensive of 1968 that turned US public opinion against the war, Nixon's Vietnamization policy, the 1973 ceasefire agreement, and the fall of Saigon to North Vietnamese forces in 1975. It also discusses the human and financial costs of the war as well as its lasting impacts.
People in societies
This document provides an overview of different cultural perspectives in the United States. It discusses the contributions made by African Americans, Hispanic Americans, Native Americans, and Asian Americans. It also profiles four prominent political action groups: the NAACP, NOW, AIM, and UFW. The document concludes by assigning students an activity where they will create a "quilt square" representing the contributions of one of these cultures to American society.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. John Adams appointed William Marbury as a judge on his last day in office, but the appointment was not delivered before Thomas Jefferson took office as the new president. Jefferson refused to deliver the appointment. The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that while Marbury was entitled to his appointment, the court did not have constitutional authority to force Jefferson to deliver it. This established the Supreme Court's ability to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
Marbury v. Madison
Marbury v. Madison established the Supreme Court's power of judicial review. John Adams appointed William Marbury as a judge on his last day in office, but the appointment was not delivered before Thomas Jefferson took office as the new president. Jefferson refused to deliver the appointment. The Supreme Court, led by Chief Justice John Marshall, ruled that while Marbury was entitled to his appointment, the court did not have constitutional authority to force Jefferson to deliver it. This established the Supreme Court's ability to declare acts of Congress unconstitutional.
Civil Rights
The civil rights movement aimed to end segregation and racial discrimination through nonviolent protest. Major events included the 1954 Brown vs. Board of Education Supreme Court ruling declaring segregation unconstitutional, the Montgomery Bus Boycott led by Martin Luther King Jr., and the 1965 Voting Rights Act and Civil Rights Act addressing legal discrimination. However, the movement faced resistance through violent attacks and the emergence of more militant groups like the Black Panthers advocating for black power through any means necessary.
Populism
The document summarizes key events and developments during the Agricultural Revolution period in late 19th century America. It discusses the Homestead Act, cattle drives, wheat imports, irrigation projects, and population growth in the West. It also outlines concerns farmers faced like overproduction and natural disasters, as well as movements like the Grange and Populism that aimed to empower farmers politically and address issues like railroad rates and trusts.
Labor unions
By 1904, over two million laborers had joined labor unions in hopes of improving poor working conditions and policies set by big businesses. Two major unions that emerged were the Knights of Labor, which advocated for all workers, and the American Federation of Labor, which focused on skilled white male workers. Businesses strongly opposed unions and their demands for higher wages and safer work environments. They viewed unions as socialist and had many leaders arrested. Disputes between businesses and unions often led to violent strikes and riots between police and protesters. Over time, unions succeeded in establishing limits on work hours and compensation for workers injuries, and many states passed child labor laws.
Nixon to present
The document summarizes major events and trends in the United States between 1969-1980. It describes Richard Nixon's presidency and foreign policy successes but also the Watergate scandal that led to his resignation. It discusses the economic challenges of stagflation and energy crises. It also outlines social changes including the women's and gay rights movements and shifting family structures.
Kennedy and johnson
Kennedy intensified tensions during the Cold War through military buildups and confrontations with the Soviet Union over Berlin and Cuba. His policies deepened American involvement in Vietnam by supporting the Diem regime and increasing military advisors. Kennedy took responsibility for the failed Bay of Pigs invasion but successfully navigated the Cuban Missile Crisis. His domestic policies pursued economic growth and reform but made limited progress on civil rights due to Southern opposition in Congress. Johnson continued and expanded Kennedy's reforms through Great Society programs while also escalating US involvement in the unpopular Vietnam War. The turbulent 1960s saw widespread social unrest and protest movements emerge over civil rights, Vietnam, and other issues.
Cold war truman eisenhower
1) After WWII, Europe was divided between the Soviet-controlled Eastern bloc and the US-influenced Western bloc.
2) The US sought to contain Soviet expansion through policies like the Truman Doctrine and Marshall Plan, and alliances like NATO.
3) The Cold War expanded to Asia, with the Soviets backing Mao's China and the US supporting Chiang Kai-shek in Taiwan and consolidating control of Japan. The Korean War further escalated tensions.
Wwii
World War II was a transformative event that required unprecedented mobilization of the US economy and society. The US initially adopted a strategy of holding actions in the Pacific while focusing on Europe. Key battles like Midway arrested Japanese expansion and allowed resources to shift to Europe. At home, wartime production and millions of new workers transformed the nation. The war also accelerated social changes like the civil rights movement and women's roles. After Allied victories in Europe and the Pacific, the war ended with the atomic bombings of Hiroshima and Nagasaki in August 1945.
Wwii
World War II was a transformative event that required unprecedented mobilization of the US economy and society. The US initially adopted a strategy of holding actions in the Pacific while focusing on Europe. Key battles like Midway arrested Japanese expansion and allowed resources to shift to Europe. The US home front experienced massive industrial conversion and full employment of citizens in war production. The war had profound social impacts, including the integration of women and African Americans into the military and workforce. New technologies like the atomic bomb led to Japanese surrender, ending the most devastating war in world history.
Conflict In The 1920s
The document summarizes several social, political, and economic trends in the United States during the 1920s. It discusses the rise of Marcus Garvey and the UNIA movement advocating black separatism and return to Africa. It also describes the growing Mexican and Puerto Rican populations settling in southwestern cities and working low-paying jobs. Conflict arose from rapid social changes which alarmed white Protestants and led to the resurgence of the KKK. Prohibition created enforcement problems while the Scopes trial debated teaching evolution in schools. The Sacco and Vanzetti case and corruption scandals plagued Harding's presidency, while Coolidge avoided scandals and focused on business interests. The stock market crash of 1929 marked the
Roaring 20s
The document summarizes several key events and trends in the United States during the 1920s. It mentions the Red Scare following World War 1 and fears of communism. It also discusses Warren G. Harding being elected in 1920 on a platform of returning to normalcy. Finally, it outlines major economic developments of the Roaring Twenties such as rising consumerism, mass production, and credit availability, as well as social changes including urbanization, changes for women and African Americans, and conflicts over religion and culture.
More from Emily Holmes (20)
Institutionalized racism
- 1. Institutionalized Racism 10th Grade American History
- 2. Learning Targets ● I can analyze how post-Reconstruction political and social developments led to institutionalized racism in the United States. ● I can describe institutionalized racist practices in post-Reconstruction America.
- 3. Post-Reconstruction ● 13th Amendment: Slavery outlawed ● 14th Amendment: Grants Citizenship ● 15th Amendment: Voting Rights to former slaves ● Post-Civil War, many African-Americans farmed their own land, opened businesses, voted and attended schools.
- 4. White Backlash ● Ku Klux Klan-used terror and violence to intimidate. ● Many rights were taken away through segregation, elimination of jobs/positions, denial of voting rights. ● Supreme Court made rulings that stated that equal access to public accommodations was to be determined at local levels.
- 5. Loss of Freedoms ● Limitations of Rights – Poll taxes-required voters to pay a tax to vote – Literacy tests-must be passed in order to vote – Grandfather Clause-allowed a person to vote as long as their ancestor voted prior to 1866. ● Segregation – Jim Crow Laws-enforced separation of black and white public facilities. – Created laws based on discrimination
- 6. Plessy vs. Ferguson ● The Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of Jim Crow Laws. (1898) – It argued that “separate but equal” was indeed legal. – Violates the 14th Amendment – Not overturned until 1954!
- 7. Opposition to Injustice ● Booker T. Washington – Argued that African-Americans needed to accommodate themselves to segregation. – Not focus on overturning Jim Crow, but instead “pull themselves up from their bootstraps” and establish themselves as hardworking and honest citizens. ● W.E.B. DuBois – Argued that Blacks should demand full and immediate equality.
- 8. Opposition Continued ● Ida B. Wells – Local newspaper Free Speech-condemned the mistreatment of Blacks. – Spoke out against lynchings
- 9. Video Clips ● Jim Crow Documentary Part I ● Jim Crow Documentary Part II
- 10. Video Clips ● Jim Crow Documentary Part I ● Jim Crow Documentary Part II