The document summarizes the failure of Reconstruction and the rise of Jim Crow laws in the post-Civil War South. It explains that Reconstruction did not achieve economic or equal rights gains for freed African Americans. After Reconstruction ended, Southern states passed "Black Codes" and later "Jim Crow" laws that legalized racial segregation and discrimination. The Supreme Court upheld these laws in Plessy v. Ferguson, establishing the "separate but equal" doctrine. African Americans faced racism in the North as well and began migrating in large numbers during the Great Migration. There were also disagreements over the best strategies for achieving racial equality, with Booker T. Washington advocating for economic success and W.E.B. Du Bo

2. Warm-up Match the following!
• Light bulb
• Telephone
• Airplane
• Assembly line
• Steel
• Oil
• Finance
• Railroads
• Rockefeller
• Ford
• Bell
• Morgan
• Wright brothers
• Carnegie
• Edison
• Vanderbilt

3. How Reconstruction Failed
•No economic gains were made by freedmen
•Political gains were only temporary
•Reconstruction did not guarantee African
Americans of equal rights
•State governments found loopholes in 14th and
15th Amendments and passed discriminatory
laws

4. 1. What does this image
show?
2. What images does
Thomas Nast use to
make his point?
3. What does Nast want
to happen?
Worse than Slavery by Thomas
Nast

5. Where does Jim Crow come from?
•Jim Crow was the name of a
blackface minstrel character
who became associated with
the harsh "Black Codes” of
the South
• "Come listen all you galls and boys, I'm
going to sing a little song, My name is
Jim Crow. Weel about and turn about
and do jis so, Eb'ry time I weel about I
jump Jim Crow."

6. Black Codes
• Laws that limited African-American
freedoms in the South
• These laws limited property
ownership, regulated labor, denied
legal rights in courts, established
curfews, and upheld corporal
punishment.
• Purpose was to retain social
structure of the South (how it was
before the Civil War)
What does this show?

7. Jim Crow Laws
•After reconstruction,
many southern state
governments passed “Jim
Crow” laws forcing
separation of the races in
public places.

8. Discrimination and Segregation
• Intimidation and crimes
were directed against
African Americans
(lynchings).
• Lynching: illegally execute,
usually by hanging
• African Americans looked to
the U.S. courts to protect
their rights.

9. Plessy v. Ferguson
• In 1896’s Plessy v. Ferguson,
the Supreme Court ruled that
“separate but equal” did not
violate the 14th Amendment,
upholding the “Jim Crow” laws
of the era.
• Facilities were separate, but
never equal.

11. Great Migration
• During the late 19th and early
20th century, African Americans
began the “Great Migration” to
northern cities in search of jobs
and to escape poverty and
discrimination in the South.
• Jim Crow laws were not popular
in the North, but the migrants
still suffered from discrimination!
“Greats” of American history:
Great Awakening
Great Compromise
Great Migration
Great Depression

13. Northern Problems
•African Americans faced racism and
discrimination in the North, too.
•Confrontations with immigrant groups were a
result of competition for jobs.
•De facto segregation arose as African Americans
settled in their own ethnic communities.

14. Disagreements over How
to Solve Discrimination

15. Ida B. Wells
• She led an anti-lynching
crusade and called on the
federal government to take
action.
• Congress failed to make a law
preventing lynchings.
However, Wells raised a great
deal of public awareness
about the horrors of lynching.

16. Booker T. Washington
• Believed the way to racial
equality was through
vocational education and
economic success
• Vocational: specific job
• Accepted social separation
(separated by race)
• Believed economic success
would lead to social equality!

17. W.E.B. DuBois
• Believed that education was
meaningless without equality.
• Helped found the National
Association for the
Advancement of Colored
People (NAACP) to advocate
for political equality for
African Americans.