This document discusses three common inhalants: oxygen, carbon dioxide, and nitrous oxide. It provides details on their formulas, preparation methods, properties, actions and uses, and storage. Oxygen is prepared by fractionation of air or electrolysis of water. It is colorless, odorless, and tasteless. Carbon dioxide is prepared by burning carbon-containing materials or treating carbonates with acid. It is colorless and odorless with an acidic taste. Nitrous oxide is prepared by heating ammonium nitrate and is also known as laughing gas.

1. INHALANTS
Presentation By:
Ms. Krutika H. Pardeshi.

2. WHAT ARE INHALANTS?
 Inhalants are the chemical substances which are
directly administered by nasal or oral respiratory
route for local or systemic effect.

3. COMMONLY USED INHALANTS
 Nitrogen
 Oxygen
 Carbon dioxide
 Nitrous oxide

6. 1.OXYGEN
 Formula – O2
 Important air constituent. 21% of total air volume.
 According to IP, oxygen contains not less than 99%
v/v of O2
 It is available and supplied in metallic cylinder in
compressed form.

7. I. PREPARATION
 By fractionation of air
-air is purified by removing moisture, dust and carbon
dioxide and compressed to get liquefied air. That air
is then fractionated to obtain oxygen by distillation
method. Compressed oxygen is supplied in metallic
cylinder.
 By electrolysis of water
- Direct current is passed through a cell between iron
or steel electrode immersed in 10% of potassium
hydroxide.
- Oxygen is librated at anode and hydrogen is librated
at cathode.

8. II. PROPERTIES
 Colorless gas
 Odourless
 Tasteless
 Soluble in water
 Soluble in alcohol
 Freely soluble in silver solution
 Slightly heavier than air

9. 1. It react with carbon form carbon dioxide
C + O2 CO2
2. It react with sulpher form sulpher dioxide
S + O2 SO2
3. It does not combine directly with halogen or inert
gas
4. Most metal for oxide when heated and combine
with oxygen.
4Fe + 3O2 2Fe2O3

10. III. ACTION AND USES
1.It is require for producing useful energy in cells in
the form of ATP.
2.It is reversibly bound to hemoglobin undergoes
dissociation and release oxygen.
Hb+O2 HbO2
3. In the treatment of hypoxia(40-100%) and as a
anesthesia
4.In carbon monoxide poisoning.
5.Liquid oxygen is use as a fuel in rocket technology

11. IV. STORAGE.
 “Oxygen is stored and supplied in metal cylinders.
The shoulder of cylinder are painted with white
color & remaining with black color.”

12. 2. CARBON DIOXIDE
 Formula - CO2
 According to IP, Carbon dioxide contains not less
than 99% v/v of CO2
 Supplied in compressed metallic cylinder

13. I. PREPARATION
 Compound containing carbon like material e.g.
coal, coke, oil etc. are burned with excess of
oxygen.
C + O2 CO2
 When carbonate treated with acid, CO2 gas is
evolved.
CaCO3 + 2 HCl H2CO3 + CaCl2
H2CO3 H2O + CO2
 By heating calcium carbonate.
CaCO3 CaO + CO2

14. II. PROPERTIES
 Colorless gas
 Odourless
 Acidic taste
 Soluble in water
 Slightly heavier than air.
 Aqueous solution is acidic in nature.

15.  When react with water it gives carbonic acid.
CO2 + H2O H2CO3
 When react with magnesium it gives magnesium
oxide.
2Mg + CO2 2MgO + C

16. III. ACTION AND USES
1. Respiratory stimulants
2. Treatment of carbon monoxide poisoning. (mixture
of CO2 with 5% oxygen and 10% air.)
3. Manufacturing of soft drinks
4. Preparation of dry ice use in minor surgery to
destroy tissue.
5. Rarely used in acid base balance.

17. IV. STORAGE
 “Carbon dioxide is stored and supplied in metal
cylinders.
 The shoulder of cylinder are painted with Grey
color.”

18. 3. NITROUS OXIDE
 Also called as “laughing gas”
 NLT 95% of N2O

19. I. PREPARATION
 By heating (double decomposition) ammonium
nitrate.
NH4NO3 N2O + 2H2O
 Gas is purified by washing with sodium chromate,
sodium hydroxide and water.

20. II. PROPERTIES
1.Colorless, Odourless, Tasteless gas.
2. Soluble in water.
3. Soluble in ether.
4. Soluble in oils.
5. Soluble in alcohol.
6. Slightly heavier than air.
7. Aqueous solution is neutral in nature.

21. 8. On heating at high temp. it decomposed and form
oxygen.
N2O 2N2 + O2
9. When react with copper it form copper oxide.
N2O + Cu CuO + N

22. III. ACTION AND USES
1.General anesthetics with mild analgesia.
2.Muscle relaxant
3.In dental surgery
4.To calm mental patients.
5.Inhalant in 60-80% or with oxygen 20—40% as
required.

23. IV. STORAGE
 “Nitrous oxide is stored and supplied in metal
cylinders.
 The shoulder of cylinder are painted with Blue
color.”