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- 1. 1 Thursday, July 28,2022 Medical Gases
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- 3. 3 MEDICAL GASES • 1.Define a medical gas. • 2. Describe the types of gases used in respiratory care. • 3. Explain how medical gases are delivered to the patient. • 4. Describe how liquid oxygen is formed. • 5. Describe how liquid oxygen is delivered to the patient. • 6. Differentiate between liquid and compressed gas.
- 4. 4 MEDICAL GASES • 7.Describe the piping system used in acute care facilities. • 8. Discuss the use of station outlets and the types of connectors used. • 9. Explain the various methods of testing the hospital gas distribution system. • 10. Identify problems with a hospital piping system. • 11. Discuss how medical gases are stored and transported. • 12. Identify the various cylinder sizes and colors and how they relate to the particular medical gas contents. • 13. Discuss how oxygen concentrators work.
- 5. 5 MEDICAL GASES • Webreathe earth’s atmosphere composed of: • Nitrogen (78%) • Oxygen (21%) • Carbon Dioxide (0.03%) • Argon and trace gases (0.93%) • Neon, Xenon, Krypton and Deon
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- 7. How Oxygen isproduced Fractional Distillation Physical Separation -Nitrogen Molecular sieve Semi-Permeable membrane
- 8. How Oxygen isproduced
- 9. 9 Fractional Distillation • Atmosphericair is filtered of pollutants, carbon dioxide and water • Air is compressed and cooled to a liquid • Then it is slowly heated and the nitrogen boils off. • Liquid oxygen remains
- 10. Medical Gases Oxygen, CarbonDioxide, Helium, Nitrous Oxide, Nitric Oxide, Nitrogen, Carbon Monoxide
- 11. RsCr 220 11 Oxygen: ◼ Oxygen (O2) is an elemental gas that is colorless, odorless, and tasteless at normal pressures and temperatures. ◼ When oxygen is in liquid form, it has a pale bluish tint and is slightly heavier than water. ◼ A common misconception is that oxygen is flammable. Oxygen is not flammable, but it will support combustion. Oxygen will accelerate combustion, causing the materials to burn at a higher temperature.
- 12. RsCr 220 12 Oxygenuses in Respiratory Care: ◼ Diagnostic and therapeutic purposes : ◼ Diagnostically : ◼ It is used as a source gas to calibrate respiratory care monitoring equipment ◼ Oxygen is used in concentrations greater than ambient air to treat and/or prevent the manifestations or symptoms of Hypoxia.
- 13. RsCr 220 13 Propertiesof Common Gases • Chemical symbol • Molecular weight • Color, odor, taste • Physical state • Critical temperature, boiling point • Combustion characteristics
- 14. RsCr 220 14 Oxygen •02 • Molecular Weight 32 • Colorless, odorless, tasteless • Slightly heavier than air • Density of 1.29 g/L • Nonflammable but supports combustion
- 15. RsCr 220 15 CompressedAir • Is the same mixture of nitrogen, oxygen, carbon dioxide and argon. • Is piped in to all modern hospitals • Used to power pneumatically powered equipment
- 16. Carbon Dioxide • C02 •Colorless and Odorless • Does not support combustion • Used in fire extinguishers • More soluble in liquids than oxygen • Easier transporting in blood then oxygen • Used to treat hiccups (singulation)
- 17. Carbon Dioxide • Carbondioxide is used as an insufflation gas and as a cryotherapy agent. Carbon dioxide is commonly used as an insufflation gas for minimal invasive surgery (laparoscopy, endoscopy, and arthroscopy) to enlarge and stabilize body cavities to provide better visibility of the surgical area.
- 18. 18 Helium • He • Odorless,tasteless, non-flammable • Second lightest of gases • Combined with oxygen (heliox) to reduce work of breathing with swollen upper airways
- 19. Nitrous Oxide • N20 •Nonflammable but supports combustion • Used as an anesthesia in OR (laughing gas) • Always mixed with oxygen (Entonox) and other anesthesia agents
- 20. RsCr 220 20 NitricOxide
- 21. RsCr 220 21 NitricOxide • NO • Is nonflammable but supports combustion • Used experimentally in low concentrations (ppm) for pulmonary vasodilation • Recently has had excellent results with premature babies
- 22. Nitrogen • N2- inertgas, most abandoned in the atmosphere • Used as lab gas (liquid) for freezing tissue
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- 24. 24 Carbon Monoxide • CO •Used in Pulmonary Function Lab • Very diffusible – used to test how easily gas will pass through the lung membranes
- 25. 25 Cyclopropane • Strictly ananesthesia gas Cyclopropane is explosive , colorless gas used in medicine since 1934 as a general anesthetic. Cyclopropane is nonirritating to mucous membranes and does not depress respiration. Induction of and emergence from cyclopropane anesthesia are usually rapid and smooth.
- 26. RsCr 220 26 EthyleneOxide • Used to gas sterilize medical equipment • Useful for equipment that can’t handle high temperatures or immersion in water
- 27. Oxygen Storage Tanks –Liquid Tanks - Gas
- 28. Tank Sizes andCapacities Large Cylinders Small Cylinders made of aluminium
- 29. RsCr 220 29 OxygenTank Sizes
- 30. 30 Types and colorsof cylinders • Air - Yellow • Oxygen - Green – Int’l (White) • Helium - Brown • CO2 - Grey • Nitrogen - Black • Nitrous Oxide-Blue Do NOT trust the color of the tank as sole Indicator of it’s contents
- 31. RsCr 220 31 Labels– The only sure way
- 32. RsCr 220 32 OtherOxygen Tank Markings
- 33. RsCr 220 33 LargeOxygen Supply System
- 34. RsCr 220 34 SmallBank of Cylinders
- 35. RsCr 220 35 Liquidvs Gas • Insulated – Liquid • Solid metal - Gas • Large continuous demand – Liquid • Small portable – Liquid or tank • Tanks act differently if they contain gas or liquid • No accurate gauge on liquid tank content
- 36. RsCr 220 36 Gofigure
- 37. RsCr 220 37 LiquidOxygen • Constantly losing oxygen despite insulation • Needs pressure and insulation for cold temperature (-118oC) • Low pressure (200 psi) • Large system has vaporizers fins to help with heat transfer when liquid turns to gas (frozen year round) • Small system is great for mall shopping
- 38. RsCr 220 38 BulkLiquid Oxygen supply
- 39. RsCr 220 39 HomeLiquid Oxygen
- 40. Medical Gas Supplysystem
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- 45. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 45 ⚫ A central supply ⚫ Piping extending to location where gas supply is required ⚫ Terminal point
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- 50. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 50
- 51. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 51
- 53. MAIN SHUT OFFVALV
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- 55. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 55 PIPED DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM ⚫ Main lines pipe connecting the source to riser or branches lines or both ⚫ Risers vertical pipe line connecting the main lines with branch lines at various levels ⚫ Branch line that service a room or rooms ⚫ Pipes are made of copper ⚫ Oxygen pipe lines have ½ inch outer diameter.
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- 57. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 57
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- 59. MAIN ALARM PANELAREA ALARM PANEL
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- 62. ⚫Wall mounted Types ofterminal unit
- 63. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 63 ⚫Ceiling mounted Types of terminal unit
- 64. ⚫ QUICK CONNECTOR ⚫Allows apparatuses to be connected or disconnected by a single action ⚫ Each quick connector consist of a pair of gas specific male and female part ⚫ A releasable spring mechanism locks the components together
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- 66. ⚫ connection betweenterminal units and the ventilator or anaesthesia machine ⚫ color coded and have the name and chemical symbol of the gas Hoses
- 67. WALL TYPE OUTLET CPSTYPE OUTLET
- 68. • NSV TYPEOUTLET WALL TYPE OUTLET
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- 70. MOTOR DRIVEN CEILINGCOLUMN
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- 74. PROBLEMS WITH THEPIPING SYSTEM ⚫ Inadequate pressure ⚫ Causes: damage of any part, compressor failure, leaks, closure off shut off valve , obstruction, kinking of hose etc ⚫ Leaks ⚫ May hazardous if oxidizing gases are allowed accumulate in a closed room
- 75. High pressure ⚫ Causes,most commonly failure of regulator, ice formation Alarm problems ⚫ Failure, absence or disconnection ⚫ False alarm.
- 76. ⚫ Contamination ofgases ⚫ can be serious problem when a new pipeline is opened
- 77. Thursday, July 28,2022 RT.Saleem Hamilah , BSc,RCP 2018 77
- 78. RsCr 220 78 Flowmeters •Thorpe Tube is most common • Can use Bourdon Gauge
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- 80. Have a great day 80 Thursday,July 28, 2022