This document discusses various topics related to information systems including information system risks, the role of the chief information officer, advances in parallel computing, system and application software, data mining, telecommunications and networking, content management systems, e-commerce websites, supply chain management, generating information system solutions, and expert systems in taxation.

1. INFORMATION SYSTEMS
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INFORMATION SYSTEM RELATED RISK
THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER (CIO)
ADVANCES IN PARALLEL COMPUTING
SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION SOFTWARE
DATA MINING
TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND NETWORKING
CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS (CMS)
E-COMMERCE WEB SITES
SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF AMAZON.COM INC.
GENERATING IS SOLUTION
EXPERT SYSTEMS IN TAXATION FIELD

2. INFORMATION SYSTEM RELATED
RISK
• Insufficient IT expertise.
• High complexity.
• Isolation of IT in Development phase.
• loss of privacy an organization might encounter.
The outsourcing firm gains access to all of the information that passes
through the organization's computer system. This information includes
financial data, which if released, could place the organization in a vulnerable
position.
• When an organization outsources its IT functions to
a third party, it loses its confidentiality.

3. THE CHIEF INFORMATION OFFICER
(CIO)
The CIO is a job title in the area of information technology in
businesses, firms, enterprises. This is a job title for the head information
technology within an organization. The CIO is the senior executive
responsible for information and communication in an organization. They
head the organization’s knowledge resources.
• He is to help the business achieve its goal
• He is supposed to bridge the gap between IT and the business through
communication
• Develop and innovates the IT department of the organization
• He hires and recruits personnel who work hand in hand to achieve the goal
of the organization
• He must encourages innovation to help the organization visualize their
potential

4. ADVANCES IN PARALLEL COMPUTING
• The simultaneous use of more than one processor or computer to
solve a problem is known as parallel computing. Many applications
today require more computing power than a traditional sequential
computer can offer.
• Parallel computing has advanced to the extent that multi-core CPUs
and GPUs now standard fare on desktops and in servers. Also another
sign of this advancement is the advent of Google-style multi-node
computing and storage on Isilon's latest rev of its OS, OneFS
6.5, which it is targeting at the business analytics market. Parallelism
has taken up the slack, enabling scalable cloud-based computing
using a combination of general-purpose and specialized cores.

5. SYSTEM SOFTWARE AND APPLICATION
SOFTWARE
System software is a set of programs that coordinates the activities and
functions of hardware and other programs.
1) operating system (windows, Linux and Mac),
2) utility programs (antivirus and antispyware), and
3) mild ware
Application software is a type of computer software consisting of programs
that employs the capabilities of a computer directly to a task that the user
wishes to perform. Examples are:
1) Microsoft Word (Word Processing)
2) Microsoft Excel (Spreadsheet software)
3) MySQL (Database Software)
4) Microsoft PowerPoint (Presentation Software)

6. DATA MINING
• Data mining is the computational process of discovering patterns in
large data set involving methods at the intersection of artificial
intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and database systems.
• The overall goal of the data mining process is to extract information
from a data set and transform it into an understandable structure for
further use.

7. TELECOMMUNICATIONS AND
NETWORKING
• Videoconferencing is the conduct of a videoconference (also known as
a video conference or video teleconference) which allow two or more
locations to communicate by simultaneous two-way video and audio
transmissions.
• With the introduction of relatively low cost, high capacity
broadband telecommunication services in the late 1990s, coupled with
powerful computing processors and video
compression techniques, videoconferencing has made significant inroads in
business, education, medicine and media.
• Videoconferencing can be used by administrators and other staff to
conduct meetings, professional development, and interviews.
Videoconference technology also allows for sessions to be recorded for
future use.

8. CONTENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
(CMS)
Content management system, or CMS, is a web application designed to make it
easy for non-technical users to add, edit and manage a website . A content
management system can also be said to be a set of automated processes that may
support the following features:
• Import and creation of documents and multimedia material.
• Identification of all key users and their roles.
• The ability to assign roles and responsibilities to different instances of content
categories or types.
• Definition of workflow tasks often coupled with messaging so that content
managers are alerted to changes in content.
• The ability to track and manage multiple versions of a single instance of content.
• The ability to publish the content to a repository to support access to the content.

9. E-COMMERCE WEB SITES
Amazon and Ebay web sites.
• Both eBay and Amazon e-commerce web site helps transact business
on line without the need of going directly to the market place to buy.
They both operate on what is called the online market. This market
creates the platform for other manufacturers to sell their good across
bored, that is to say, expand their market o throughout the whole
world. Over the past years both sites have engaged in several
activities that have led to their success. Some of these elements are
as follows based on the various e-business web sites.

10. SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
OF AMAZON.COM INC.

11. GENERATING IS SOLUTION
Decision Making as a Component of Problem Solving
• Decision-making phase:
I) Intelligence stage:
• Identify and define potential problems or opportunities
II) Design stage:
• Develop alternative solutions to the problem and evaluate their feasibility
III) Choice stage:
• Select a course of action

12. EXPERT SYSTEMS IN TAXATION
FIELD
• Expert systems are software programs that store knowledge extracted
from human experts and appear to mimic human experts in a
particular field or domain such as tax or auditing. There have been
applications of expert systems in accounting in the areas of
auditing, financial accounting, personal financial planning, and
management accounting. The expect domain, Rudimentary Legal
Reasoning, is handled by the software, TAXMAN (eg. Lexware
TAXMAN 2013 Download version, picture is below).

13. SUMMARY
• The value of information is directly linked to how it helps decision
makers achieve the organization’s goals.
• Computers and information systems help make it possible for
organizations to improve the way they conduct business.
• Knowing the potential impact of information systems and having the
ability to put this knowledge to work can result in a successful
personal career and in organizations that reach their goals.
• Information systems must be applied thoughtfully and carefully so
that society, businesses, and industries can reap their enormous
benefits.