This document discusses different approaches to planning and the purpose of planning. It describes planning as a conscious, systematic process to determine goals and actions for the future. There are four main approaches discussed: top-down, bottom-up, composite, and team. The top-down approach centralizes planning at the top level while the bottom-up approach has lower levels draft plans. The composite approach involves discussion and debate between levels. The team approach assigns a team to develop plans. Finally, the document lists nine purposes of planning, such as facilitating objectives, ensuring economy, and coordinating activities.
This documents provides a glance on the planning activity by illustrating the associated concepts such as,
Nature of Planning
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
This documents provides a glance on the planning activity by illustrating the associated concepts such as,
Nature of Planning
Importance and purpose of planning process
Steps in Planning and Planning Premises
Types of plans
Objectives
Decision Making
Types of planning
Hierarchy of plans
This presentation is related to planning in Principles of management.
It covers the following points:
Nature & Purpose of Planning
Decision Making
Objectives And Strategies
Planning Premises
Global Planning
This presentation is related to planning in Principles of management.
It covers the following points:
Nature & Purpose of Planning
Decision Making
Objectives And Strategies
Planning Premises
Global Planning
UNIT - III: PLANNING AND CONTROL: Concept- Process and Types; Decision making
concept and process; Bounded rationality; Management by objectives; Corporate Planning;
Environment analysis and Diagnosis; Strategy Formulations; Managerial Control- Concept
and process - Designing an Effective Control System - Techniques - Traditional and Modern
(PERT and CPM).
project planning steps
steps of planning process
5 steps of planning process
the five step planning process
types of planning in management
steps in planning process pdf
5 step strategic planning process
examples of planning in management
examples of middle level managers
middle level manager definition
three types of planning
types of planning process
types of development planning
types of planning pdf
the five step planning process
project planning steps
financial planning steps
planning process pdf
planning and types of planning
types of planning in management
types of planning pdf
types of planning in business
what is planning process
four types of planning
process of planning in management
steps in business planning process
the five step planning process
planning process pdf
what is planning pdf
planning process definition
process planning in manufacturing
planning in the management process
steps in planning process
The essence of management is planning. To start a new things every people and organization first set the planning process. It is one of the essential and major beginning functions of management.
Planning - Meaning and Definition – Nature – Objectives – Advantages and Disa...Jumanul Haque
Planning - Meaning and Definition – Nature – Objectives – Advantages and Disadvantages –
Process – Types - Decision Making – Traditional and Modern Techniques – Steps involved in
Decision Making
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Honest Reviews of Tim Han LMA Course Program.pptxtimhan337
Personal development courses are widely available today, with each one promising life-changing outcomes. Tim Han’s Life Mastery Achievers (LMA) Course has drawn a lot of interest. In addition to offering my frank assessment of Success Insider’s LMA Course, this piece examines the course’s effects via a variety of Tim Han LMA course reviews and Success Insider comments.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
Introduction to AI for Nonprofits with Tapp NetworkTechSoup
Dive into the world of AI! Experts Jon Hill and Tareq Monaur will guide you through AI's role in enhancing nonprofit websites and basic marketing strategies, making it easy to understand and apply.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
2. Planning
Planning is the conscious, systematic
process of making decisions about goals
and activities that an organization will
pursue in the future.
A plan is a pre-determined course of
action. Planning is essentially a process to
determine and implement actions to achieve
organizational objectives.
3. Planning involves the task of deciding in
advance :-
What to do?
How to do?
When to do it?
Who will do it?
4. A manager has to answer four basic questions
while formulating a plan :-
Where are we now realistic assessment of current
situation?
Where do we want to be?
Gap between where we are and where we want to
be?
How do we get there?
5. Different Approaches to Planning
Top down approach
Bottom up approach
Composite approach
Team approach
6. Top down approach
Authority and responsibility is centralized at the top.
The top management defines the mission and lays
down strategies and plan of action required to achieve
stated goals.
The blueprint of the plan is passed on to the people
working at lower levels who do not participate in the
planning process.
The success of this approach depends upon the
qualification, experience and capabilities of top
management
7. Bottom up approach
Lower level managers are responsible for
preparation and implementation of plans
(make functional plans which are approved
by top management)
8. Composite approach
In such a approach the lower and middle
management is responsible of drafting out
plans in accordance with guidelines and
boundaries stated by the top
management. Every plan is up for a
discussion and debate and a middle path is
chosen to facilitate smooth implementation
of plans.
9. Team approach
In such a approach a team of managers
having relevant experience and skills in
various functional areas are assigned the job
of planning. The plans are then approved by
the top management
10. Purpose Served by Planning
1. Facilitates Accomplishment of Objectives
2. Ensures Economy in Operations
3. Precedes Control
4. Provides for Future Contingency
5. Facilitates Optimum Utilization of Resources
6. Pr-requisites for other Managerial Functions
7. All Pervasive Function
8. Coordinates the Activities
9. Provides for the Delegation of Authority