The document discusses the fundamental resources of information systems, which include hardware, software, data, people, processes, and network resources. It then describes different types of information systems such as transaction processing systems, management information systems, decision support systems, expert systems, executive information systems, office automation systems, and artificial intelligence. Finally, it covers contemporary approaches to information systems including technical, behavioral, and potential risks and security issues.

1. Uttar Tamang
7/15/2017
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2. Fundamental Resources Of IS:
1. Hardware:
 Physical layer of Information system
 Like a human body
 Includes computer, network, communication devices , etc
2. Software:
 Programs that allow performing various tasks
 Like a soul of human body
 Includes word processors, spreadsheets, antivirus
programs, email programs, etc.
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3. 3. Data:
 A kind of raw fact or source
 Unstructured information
 Ultimately transforms into useful information
4. People:
 Users of the information system
 Includes external and internal users
 Success or failure of IS based on users satisfaction
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4. 5. Process:
 Shows how the task is performed
 Based on specific business model
6. Network Resources:
 Connects multiple users
 Communication media and network structure
 Helps to manage data and users
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5. How resources are used in Information System?
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6. Types of Information System
• TPS
• MIS
• DSS
• ES
• EIS
• OAS
• AI
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7. 1. Transaction Processing System (TPS):
 First computerized form of IS
 Handles routine and recurring transactions
 Data are collected & presented to hand
 Prepared by operative level management
2. Management Information System (MIS):
 Manages data in summarized form
 Prepared by middle level management
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8. 3. Decision Support system (DSS):
 Handles non-routine tasks
 Emphasizes on data manipulation
 Prepared by top level management
4. Expert System (ES):
 Capture knowledge of human experts
 Stimulate expertise to benefits of non- experts
5. Executive Information System (EIS):
 Summarize information from MIS, DSS & external
events
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9. 1. Office Automation System (OAS):
 Use of mechanical, electrical and electronic devices
 Enhance communication in workplace
 Operative flow of works between workers
1. Artificial Intelligence:
 Develop machines that emulate human intelligence
 i.e., playing games, language, robotics, etc.
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10. Contemporary Approach to IS:
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11. 1. Technical Approach:
 Computer Science:-
Concerned with computability theories,
methods and data storage
 Management Science:-
Development of models for decision making
& management practices
 Operational Research:-
Mathematical technique for optimizing
selected parameters of organization
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12. 2. Behavioral Approach:
 Psychology:-
Individual responses and cognitive thinking to
information system
 Economics:-
focus on economic strength and weakness and
its emphasis on information system
 Sociology:-
focus on impact of information system on
groups, organization and Society
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13. Potential Risk and IS Security
Human Intervention and Natural calamities
(Adequate physical security of technical building)
Failure in Software Recovery
(Backup and recovery capabilities)
Hacking & system configuration manipulation
(access control and prevention)
Data loss and system damage
(Training to staff)
Ensure to be aware of security precautions
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