This document outlines the syllabus for the course "Information System Year/Part: IV/II" taught by Keshav Raj Joshi. The syllabus covers 8 chapters related to information systems, including information system classification and evolution, control and security of information systems, enterprise management systems, decision support and intelligent systems, and emerging information system techniques. It also includes details of practical exercises and evaluation criteria. The document provides an overview of the topics that will be covered in the course.
This slide explain or includes:
1. Fundamental Resources Of IS
1.1. Hardware
1.2. Software
1.3. Data
1.4. People
1.5. Process
1.6. Network Resources
2. Types of Information System
3. Contemporary Approach to IS
4. Potential Risk and IS Security
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- Uttar Tamang
This presentation will help you understand the basic building blocks of Business Intelligence. Learn how decisions are triggered, the complete decision process and who makes decisions in the corporate world.
More importantly, understand core components of a Business Intelligence architecture such as a data warehouse, data mining, OLAP (Online analytical procession) , OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) and data reporting. Each component plays an integral part which enables today's managers and decision makers collect, analyze and interpret data to make it actionable for decision making.
Business intelligence has become an integral part that needs to be incorporated to ensure business survival. It is a tool that helps analyze historical data and forecast future so that your are always one step ahead in your business.
Please feel free to like, share and comment as you please!
This slide explain or includes:
1. Fundamental Resources Of IS
1.1. Hardware
1.2. Software
1.3. Data
1.4. People
1.5. Process
1.6. Network Resources
2. Types of Information System
3. Contemporary Approach to IS
4. Potential Risk and IS Security
Like & Share
- Uttar Tamang
This presentation will help you understand the basic building blocks of Business Intelligence. Learn how decisions are triggered, the complete decision process and who makes decisions in the corporate world.
More importantly, understand core components of a Business Intelligence architecture such as a data warehouse, data mining, OLAP (Online analytical procession) , OLTP (Online Transaction Processing) and data reporting. Each component plays an integral part which enables today's managers and decision makers collect, analyze and interpret data to make it actionable for decision making.
Business intelligence has become an integral part that needs to be incorporated to ensure business survival. It is a tool that helps analyze historical data and forecast future so that your are always one step ahead in your business.
Please feel free to like, share and comment as you please!
Abstract: Knowledge has played a significant role on human activities since his development. Data mining is the process of
knowledge discovery where knowledge is gained by analyzing the data store in very large repositories, which are analyzed
from various perspectives and the result is summarized it into useful information. Due to the importance of extracting
knowledge/information from the large data repositories, data mining has become a very important and guaranteed branch of
engineering affecting human life in various spheres directly or indirectly. The purpose of this paper is to survey many of the
future trends in the field of data mining, with a focus on those which are thought to have the most promise and applicability
to future data mining applications.
Keywords: Current and Future of Data Mining, Data Mining, Data Mining Trends, Data mining Applications.
The presentation is an overview of the Transaction Processing System (TPS) as a component of the Accounting Information System (AIS). It is part of a lecture series on Management Information Systems from an accountant's perspective.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24719.87206
Are you having doubts and questions about how to use Big Data in your organizations? The presentation here would clear some of your doubts.
Feel free to comment if you have more queries or write to us at: bigdata@xoriant.com
Abstract: Knowledge has played a significant role on human activities since his development. Data mining is the process of
knowledge discovery where knowledge is gained by analyzing the data store in very large repositories, which are analyzed
from various perspectives and the result is summarized it into useful information. Due to the importance of extracting
knowledge/information from the large data repositories, data mining has become a very important and guaranteed branch of
engineering affecting human life in various spheres directly or indirectly. The purpose of this paper is to survey many of the
future trends in the field of data mining, with a focus on those which are thought to have the most promise and applicability
to future data mining applications.
Keywords: Current and Future of Data Mining, Data Mining, Data Mining Trends, Data mining Applications.
The presentation is an overview of the Transaction Processing System (TPS) as a component of the Accounting Information System (AIS). It is part of a lecture series on Management Information Systems from an accountant's perspective.
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.24719.87206
Are you having doubts and questions about how to use Big Data in your organizations? The presentation here would clear some of your doubts.
Feel free to comment if you have more queries or write to us at: bigdata@xoriant.com
MANAGEMENT INFORMATION SYSTEM, MIS, CASE REPORT, ROLE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (IT) IN INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS), IT VS IS, CLASSIFICATION OF INFORMATION SYSTEMS, INFORMATION SYSTEM (IS) SUCCESS AND FAILURE, LIBCORPIO786, BUSINESS ADMINISTRATION, MANAGEMENT SCIENCE, EDUCATION AND LEARNING,
Running head Key Factors in Computer Information Systems1Ke.docxwlynn1
Running head: Key Factors in Computer Information Systems
1
Key Factors in Computer Information Systems
2
Does Management Plays A Key Factor in Computer Information System Field?
Keenen L. Rush
Savannah State University
Business Research (BUSA 2185 02)
Dr. Lundy
February 6, 2019
Abstract
This paper purpose is to give key factors on why it is important to have management throughout the Computer Information System field. There has been reports that fortune 500 companies believe management is not a key factor pertaining to computer information systems. People believe in this field that management is to controlling over people and don’t allow the workers to finish their objective. As I reviewed companies that are stricter on management versus others the ones that are strict are usually more successful and last longer. This study is to answer one question does management really plays a key factor in the CIS world. Overall this study should help you realize management should be mandatory throughout this field and should always be implemented in any company.
What does Computer Information System consist of?
What are some roles of Management in Computer Information Systems?
Do companies find Computer Information Systems necessary for their company?
Keywords: Controlling, Strict, Successful, Computer Information Systems
Does Management Plays A Key Factor in Computer Information System Field?
Many people wonder what Computer Information Systems is and how companies implement it within their business. Questions have been constantly asked what the purpose of management within the CIS department of a company is. Godfrey B (2018) felt that storing, managing, documenting, analyzing, and visualizing geographic data were some of the main components of CIS. Every company in the world functions with an Information System department without one a company can not be successful. Management in CIS provides wide-ranging and reactive property management services for the entire CIS portfolio, as well as third-party contracts. CIS is also devoted to constructing lasting tenant relations by employing open-minded community managers.
Many experts have study that management is one of the biggest components in the computer information system field. There have been companies who try to disregard having management in their cis department because of the cost. Cis perform remote troubleshooting including power check, physical connection review and power cycling to restart hardware and this doesn’t come cheap. Studies have shown fortune 500 companies spends millions on IT equipment for multiple reasons. First reason to keep up with data and also collect data on sales, customers, competitors, marketing strategies and so much more. Another reason is everything you can think of is run through a computer within a company whether it’s the company Wi-Fi, Website, E-mail, Phones, which are all things you need for a company to be successful.
One deficiency within my studies is.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Overview of the fundamental roles in Hydropower generation and the components involved in wider Electrical Engineering.
This paper presents the design and construction of hydroelectric dams from the hydrologist’s survey of the valley before construction, all aspects and involved disciplines, fluid dynamics, structural engineering, generation and mains frequency regulation to the very transmission of power through the network in the United Kingdom.
Author: Robbie Edward Sayers
Collaborators and co editors: Charlie Sims and Connor Healey.
(C) 2024 Robbie E. Sayers
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
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2. SYLLABUS
Chapter 1: Information system (3 hours)
1. Classification and evolution of IS [IT vs. IS]
2. IS in functional area
3. Information system architecture
4. Qualities of information systems
5. Managing Information System resources
6. Balanced scorecard – case studies
Chapter 2: Control, Audit and Security of Information system (5 hours)
1. Control of information system
2. Audit of information system
3. Security of information system
4. Consumer layered security strategy
5. Enterprise layered security strategy
6. Extended validation and SSL certificate
Keshav Raj Joshi
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3. 7. Remote access authentication
8. Content control and policy based encryption
9. Example of security in e-Commerce transaction
Chapter 3: Enterprise Management Systems (4 hours)
1. Enterprise management Systems (EMS)
2. Enterprise Software: ERP/SCM/CRM
3. Information Management and Technology of Enterprise Software
4. Role of IS and IT in Enterprise Management
5. Enterprise engineering, Electronic organism, Loose integration vs full
integration, Process alignment, Frame work to manage integrated
change, future trends
Chapter 4: Decision support and Intelligent systems (7 hours)
1. DSS, operations research models
2. Group decision support systems
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4. 3. Enterprise and executive decision support systems
4. Knowledge Management, Knowledge based Expert system
5. Al Neural Networks, virtual reality, Intelligent Agents
6. Data mining, Data ware housing, OLAP, OLTP
7. Anomaly and fraud detection
Chapter 5: Planning for IS (3 hours)
1. Strategic information system
2. Tactical information system
3. Operational information system
Chapter 6: Implementation of information systems (7 hours)
1. Change Management
2. Critical Success Factors
3. Next generation Balanced scorecard
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5. Chapter 7: Web based information system and navigation
1. The structure of the web
2. Link Analysis
3. Searching the web
4. Navigating the web
5. Web uses mining
6. Collaborative filtering
7. Recommender systems
8. Collective intelligence
Chapter 8: Scalable and Emerging information System techniques (8 hours)
1. Techniques for voluminous data
2. Cloud computing technologies and their types
3. MapReduce and Hadoop systems
4. Data management in the cloud
5. Information retrieval in the cloud
6. Link analysis in cloud setup
7. Case studies of voluminous data environment
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6. Practicals:
The practical exercise shall include following three types of projects
on designing of information system
E-commerce based information system for online transaction
processing
web uses mining or collaborative filtering based processing system
Scalable and emerging information system
Balanced scorecard, Strategy Map
References:
Leonard Jessup and Joseph valacich, “Information Systems Today.”
Prentice hall
J.Kanter, “Managing With Information System”, PHI
M Levene, “ An Introduction to Search Engines and Web
Navigation” Pearson Education
Jimmy Lin and Chris Dyer, “Data-Intensive Text Processing with Map
Reduce”, Morgan and Claypool.
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7. Evaluation and Marking Scheme
Chapters Hours Mark Distribution
1 4 8
2 8 14
3 4 8
4 7 12
5 3 5
6 3 5
7 8 14
8 8 14
Total 45 80
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8. CHAPTER 1
Information System (IS)
A combination of hardware, software, infrastructure and
trained personnel organized to facilitate planning, control,
coordination, and decision making in an organization.
Made up of 5 components:
Hardware: Physical components of the technology
Software: set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do
Data: Collection of facts. E.g. your street address details and
your phone number are all pieces of data
People: All people (Staffs) involved in IS
Process: series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired
outcome or goal
Keshav Raj Joshi
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9. Data Vs Information
DATA INFORMATION
Data are simply facts or figures that need
to be processed
When data is processed, organized,
structured or processed in a given
context so as to make it useful is called
information
e.g the number of visitor to a website by country is an example of data, finding out
traffic (increasing/decreasing) from some country is meaningful information.
Data Data
Processing
Information
Input
Processing
Output
Feedback
Information System
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10. IS Vs IT
IT
Hardware
Software
Database
Network
Other related
components
IS
Customer Service
system
Payroll system
Inventory system
Marketing system
IT
Hardware
Software
Database
Network
Other related
components
IS
Customer Service
system
Are used to build
IT can be considered as subset of IS
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11. Evolution of Information System
Electronic Data Processing (1950-1960)
During this period, the role of IS was mostly to perform activities like
transaction processing, recordkeeping and accounting. IS was
mainly used for electronic data processing (EDP). EDP is use of
computers in recording, classifying, manipulating, and summarizing
data. It helps workers.
Management Information Systems (1960-1970)
MIS process data into useful informative reports and provide
managers with the tools to organize evaluate and efficiently manage
departments within an organization. E.g. Cost trend, sales analysis
and production performance reporting systems. It helps middle
managers.
Decision Support Systems (1970-1980)
In this era, a major advancement was an introduction of the personal
computers (PC). It is developed to provide computer based support
for complex, non-routine decisions. It helps Senior managements. E.g
product pricing and risk analysis systems.
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12. Executive Information Systems (1980-1990)
This period gave rise to departmental computing due to many
organizations purchasing their own hardware and software to
suit their departmental needs. Instead of waiting for indirect
support of centralized corporate service department,
employees could use their own resources to support their job
requirements. This trend led to new challenges of data
incompatibility, integrity and connectivity across different
departments. Top executives then not using MIS and hence EIS
is developed.
EIS offers decision making facilities to executives through
providing both internal and external information relevant to
meeting the strategic goals of the organization.
Examples of the EIS are systems for easy access to actions of all
competitors, economic developments to support strategic
planning and analysis of business performance
Keshav Raj Joshi
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13. Knowledge management Systems (1990-2000)
During this era, the rapid growth of the intranets,
extranets, internet and other interconnected global
networks dramatically changed the capabilities of IS
in business, Moreover, there was a breakthrough in
the development and application of artificial
intelligence (AI) techniques to business information
systems. E.g. feedback database and helpdesk
systems.
E-Business (2000 - Present)
The Internet and related technologies and
applications changed the way businesses operate
and people work. Greater connectivity and higher
level of integration across application is done.
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14. Classification of Information System
Information System
Operations support system Management support system
Transaction
processing
system
Process
Control
System
Enterprise
Collaboration
System
Management
Information
System
Decision
Support
System
Executive
Information
System
Classification of Information System
Support of
business
operations
support of
managerial
decision
making
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15. Transaction Processing System:
They record and process data resulting from business transactions,
update operational databases and produce business documents.
are designed to process routine transactions efficiently and
accurately .
e.g. billing system to send invoice to customers, system to calculate
the weekly and monthly payroll and tax payments
Process Control Systems:
They monitor and control physical processes.
In process control systems, decisions regarding the adjustment of
physical process are automatically made by computers.
e.g. petroleum refiner uses electronic sensors linked to computers to
continually monitor chemical processes and make instant
adjustments that control the refinery process.
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16. Enterprise collaboration systems:
They use a variety of information technologies to help people work
together.
They help to communicate ideas, share resources and co-ordinate work
as a team.
These information systems are used to enhance productivity and
creativity of teams in modern business.
The team can efficiently communicate and co- ordinate their activities
via electronic mail, discussion forums, videoconferencing and multimedia
project
Management Information systems:
They provide managerial end users with information that supports day-to-
day decision making needs of managers and business professionals.
MIS provide a variety of reports and displays to management.
e.g sales managers may use their networked computers and web
browsers to get instant details about the sales of their products and
access their corporate intranet for daily sales reports that evaluate sales
made by each person.
Keshav Raj Joshi
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17. Decision Support Systems:
Computer systems that provide users with support to analyze complex
information and help to make decisions are called decision support systems
(DSSs).
Decision Support systems are computer based information systems that
provide interactive information support to managers and business
professionals during decision making process.
e.g. GIS uses geographic databases to construct and display maps and
other graphic displays that support decisions affecting geographic
distribution of people and other resources.
E.g. Credit scoring system on banks
Executive Information System:
Is a kind of decision support system (DSS) used in organizations to help
executives in decision making. It does so by providing easy access to
important data needed in an organization to achieve strategic goals. It
usually has graphical displays on a user-friendly interface.
E.g. top executives may use touch screen terminals to instantly view text and
graphics displays that highlight key areas of organizational and competitive
performance.
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18. IS in Functional Area
Sales and Marketing systems:
Is responsible for selling the organization‟s products or services.
Marketing – concerned with identifying the customers for the
organization‟s product or service, determining what customer need or
want, planning and developing products and services to meet their
needs and advertising and promoting these products
Sales- concerned with contacting customers, selling the products and
services, taking order, and following on sale.
Manufacturing and production Systems:
Is responsible for actually producing the firm‟s goods and services.
Deals with planning, development and maintenance of production
facilities; establishment of production goal; storage and availability of
production materials; scheduling of equipment, facilities, materials and
labor requirement
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19. Finance and Accounting System:
Finance function is responsible for managing the firm‟s financial assets
such as cash stock and other investments to maximize the return on
these financial assets.
To determine whether the firm is getting the best return on its
investments, the finance function must obtain a considerable amount
of information from sources external to the firm.
Account function is responsible for maintaining and managing to
firm‟s financial records – receipts, depreciation, payroll, - for the flow of
fund in a firm
Human Resources System:
Responsible for attracting, developing and maintaining the firm‟s
workforce.
Supports activities such as identifying potential employees,
maintaining complete records on existing employees, and creating
programs to develop employees‟ talents and skills.
Manpower requirements for meeting the firm‟s plan (skill, education
level, position, number and talent)
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21. Qualities of information systems
Understandable:
information should already in a summarized form, it must be
understood by the receiver so that he/she will interpret it correctly
must be able to decode any abbreviations, shorthand notations or
any other acronyms contained
Relevant:
should be pertinent and meaningful to the decision maker and
should be in his area of responsibility
Complete:
should contain all the facts that are necessary for the decision maker
should be enough to satisfactorily solve the problem at hand
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22. Qualities of information systems
Available:
Information may be useless if it is not readily accessible in the desired
form, when it is needed
Advances in technology have made high availability of information
Reliable:
information should be counted on to be trustworthy
should be accurate, consistent with facts and verifiable
Inadequate or incorrect information generally leads to decisions of
poor quality
Concise:
Too much information is a big burden on management and cannot
be processed in time
information should be to the point and just enough – no more, no less
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23. Qualities of information systems
Timely:
Information must be delivered at the right time and the right place to
the right person
Premature information can become obsolete or be forgotten by the
time it is actually needed
some crucial decisions can be delayed because proper and
necessary information is not available in time, resulting in missed
opportunities
the time gap between collection of data and the presentation of the
proper information to the decision maker must be reduced as much
as possible.
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24. Qualities of information systems
Cost effective:
The information is not desirable if the solution is more costly than the
problem
cost of gathering data and processing it into information must be
weighed against the benefits derived from using such information
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25. Balanced Scorecard
is a strategic planning and management system used to align
business activities to the vision and strategy of the organization by
monitoring performance against strategic goals
The approach is to provide 'balance' to the financial perspective.
Why Use a Balanced Scorecard?
Improve organizational performance by measuring what matters
Increase focus on strategy and results
Align organization strategy with workers on a day-to-day basis
Improve communication of the organization‟s Vision and Strategy
Prioritize Projects / Initiatives
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26. 4 Original Business Perspectives
The Balanced Scorecard model suggests that we view the organization
from 4 perspectives
Then Develop metrics, collect data and analyze it relative to each of
these perspectives
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27. 4 Original Business Perspectives
Financial:
What must we do to create sustainable economic value?
Internal:
To satisfy our stakeholders, what must be our levels of productivity,
efficiency, and quality?
Innovations:
Learning and growth
To achieve our vision, how will we sustain our ability to change and
improve
Customer:
What do our customers require from us and how are we doing
according to those requirements?
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28. Balance scorecard measurements
Perspective Generic Measurements
Financial
Return of capital employed, economic value added, sales
growth, cash flow
Customer
Customer satisfaction, retention, acquision, profitability,
market share
Internal
measure of how well the company identifies the customer's
future needs.
Operation- measure of quality and costs
Post sales service - measures for warranty, repair and
treatment of defects and returns
Learning and
growth
Includes measurement for:
People - employee retention, training, skills, morale
Systems - Measures of availability of critical real time
information needed for front line employees.
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29. Key Implementation Success Factors:
Obtaining executive sponsorship and commitment
Involving a broad base of leaders, managers and employees in
scorecard development
Choose the right Scorecard Champion
Beginning interactive (two-way) communication first
Viewing the scorecard as a long-term journey rather than a short-term
project
Getting outside help if needed
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30. Framework For Information Systems Architecture
What is an Information Systems Architecture?
An information systems architecture provides a unifying
framework into which various people with different
perspectives can organize and view the fundamental
building blocks of information systems
Stakeholders have different views of the system and each has
something “at stake” in determining the success of the system.
Stakeholders can be broadly classified into four groups:
System Owners
System Users
System Designers
System Builders
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31. Framework For Information Systems Architecture
• System owners pay for the system to be built and maintained. They
own the system, set priorities for the system, and determine policies for
its use. In some cases, system owners may also be system users.
• System users are the people who actually use the system to perform
or support the work to be completed. In today‟s team-oriented
business world, system users frequently work side-by-side with system
designers.
• System designers are the technical specialists who design the system
to meet the users requirements. In many cases, system designers may
also be system builders.
• Systems builders are the technical specialists who construct, test, and
deliver the system into operation.
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32. Framework For Information Systems Architecture
INFORMATION SYSTEMS FRAMEWORK
S
Y
S
T
E
M
A
N
A
L
Y
S
T
S
SYSTEM
BUILDERS
SYSTEM
DESIGNERS
SYSTEM
USERS
SYSTEM
OWNERS
Data
Technology
INFORMATION SYSTEM COMPONENTS
(the actual, technical implementation of the system)
INFORMATION SYSTEM DESIGN
(HOW the system will be implemented using technology)
INFORMATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS
(WHAT the system "is" and "must do" independent of technology)
INFORMATION SYSTEM SCOPE
(purpose and vision; goals and objectives; costs and benefits)
INFORMATION SYSTEM FOCUSES
Networking
Technology
Interface
Technology
Software
Technology
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33. Framework For Information Systems Architecture
System Owners
Usually come from the ranks of management
usually responsible for budgeting the money and time to develop, operate, and
maintain the information system
For medium-to-large information systems, the owners are usually middle or
executive managers
For smaller systems, the owners may be middle managers or supervisors
For personal information systems, the owner and user are the same person
They are concerned with the „value‟ returned by the system. Value is measured
in different ways.
• What is the purpose of the system?
• What is the vision of the system – goals and objectives?
• How much will the system cost to build?
• How much will the system cost to operate?
• Will those costs be offset by measurable benefits?
• What about intangible benefits?
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34. Framework For Information Systems Architecture
System Users
Remote and Mobile Users: employees of the business
May be geographically separated from the business
An example is the sales and service representatives
External Users
System Designers
System designers translate users' business requirements and constraints
into technical solutions.
Design the computer files, databases, inputs, outputs, screens, networks,
and programs that will meet the system users' requirements.
System Builders
They construct the information system components based upon the
design specifications from the system designers.
The applications programmer is the example of a system builder
In many cases, the system designer and builder may be the same.
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35. Framework For Information Systems Architecture
System Analyst
For the system owners and users, the analyst typically constructs and
validates their views
For the system designers and builders, the analyst (at the very least)
ensures that the technical views are consistent and compatible with
the business views
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36. Managing Information System resources
Hardware: Physical components of the technology
Software: set of instructions that tells the hardware what to do
System software - operating system program
Application software - e.g payroll program
Data: Collection of facts. E.g. your street address details and your phone
number are all pieces of data
People: All people (Staffs) involved in IS
Process: series of steps undertaken to achieve a desired outcome or
goal
Telecommunications: are used to connect, or network, computer
systems and portable and wearable devices and to transmit
information.
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37. Benefits Managing Information System resources
Creating a context for IS resource decision-making
Aligning IS and business goals
obtaining IT capital investment approvals
Steps for managing IS resources
Assessment of current information resources
establishment of information system vision
establishment of an IT architecture for that vision
formulation of an IS strategic plan to evolve an organization's
information resources form their current status toward the
desired vision and IT architecture
Formulation of short-term operational IS plans based on the IS
strategic plan
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