Information retrieval 15 alternative algebraic models
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The document discusses alternative algebraic models for information retrieval, including the generalized vector model. The generalized vector model allows for index terms to be non-orthogonal, representing correlations between terms. It models term dependencies through "minterms" - binary patterns of term occurrence. While allowing representation of term correlations, the model has higher computational costs than the standard vector model and it is unclear when it performs better.
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Information retrieval 13 alternative set theoretic models
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Disclosure: Release of message contents to any person or process not possess- ing the appropriate cryptographic key.
Traffic analysis: Discovery of the pattern of traffic between parties. ...
Masquerade: Insertion of messages into the network from a fraudulent source
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Message authentication aims to protect integrity, validate originator identity, and provide non-repudiation. It addresses threats like masquerading, content or sequence modification, and source/destination repudiation. A Message Authentication Code (MAC) provides assurance that a message is unaltered and from the sender by appending a cryptographic checksum to the message dependent on the key and content. The receiver can validate the MAC to verify integrity and authenticity.
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
SHA-3 is the latest member of the Secure Hash Algorithm family of standards, released by NIST on August 5, 2015. Although part of the same series of standards, SHA-3 is internally different from the MD5-like structure of SHA-1 and SHA-2
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
The Secure Hash Algorithm (SHA) is a cryptographic hash function developed by the US National Security Agency. SHA-512 is the latest version that produces a 512-bit hash value. It processes message blocks of 1024 bits using an 80-step compression function that updates a 512-bit buffer. Each step uses a 64-bit value derived from the message and a round constant. SHA-512 supports messages up to 2^128 bits in length and adds between 1 and 1023 padding bits as needed.
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Birthday attack can be used in communication abusage between two or more parties. ... The mathematics behind this problem led to a well-known cryptographic attack called the birthday attack, which uses this probabilistic model to reduce the complexity of cracking a hash function
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Message Authentication Code ... A message authentication code (MAC) is similar to a cryptographic hash, except that it is based on a secret key
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
In number theory, the Chinese remainder theorem states that if one knows the remainders of the Euclidean division of an integer n by several integers, then one can determine uniquely the remainder of the division of n by the product of these integers, under the condition that the divisors are pairwise coprime.
Information and network security 34 primality
A primality test is an algorithm for determining whether an input number is prime. Among other fields of mathematics, it is used for cryptography. Unlike integer factorization, primality tests do not generally give prime factors, only stating whether the input number is prime or not
Information and network security 33 rsa algorithm
RSA algorithm is asymmetric cryptography algorithm. Asymmetric actually means that it works on two different keys i.e. Public Key and Private Key. As the name describes that the Public Key is given to everyone and Private key is kept private
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is an encryption scheme that uses two mathematically related, but not identical, keys - a public key and a private key. Unlike symmetric key algorithms that rely on one key to both encrypt and decrypt, each key performs a unique function.
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Public-key cryptography, or asymmetric cryptography, is a cryptographic system that uses pairs of keys: public keys, and private keys. The generation of such key pairs depends on cryptographic algorithms which are based on mathematical problems termed one-way function
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Random numbers are fundamental building blocks of cryptographic systems and as such, play a key role in each of these elements. Random numbers are used to inject unpredictable or non-deterministic data into cryptographic algorithms and protocols to make the resulting data streams unrepeatable and virtually unguessable
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithm
International Data Encryption Algorithm (IDEA) is a once-proprietary free and open block cipher that was once intended to replace Data Encryption Standard (DES). IDEA has been and is optionally available for use with Pretty Good Privacy (PGP). IDEA has been succeeded by the IDEA NXT algorithm
Information and network security 28 blowfish
Blowfish is a symmetric block cipher designed as a replacement for DES. It encrypts data in 64-bit blocks using a variable-length key. The algorithm uses substitution boxes and a complex key schedule to encrypt the data in multiple rounds. It is very fast, uses little memory, and is resistant to cryptanalysis due to its complex key schedule and substitution boxes.
Information and network security 27 triple des
Part of what Triple DES does is to protect against brute force attacks. The original DES symmetric encryption algorithm specified the use of 56-bit keys -- not enough, by 1999, to protect against practical brute force attacks. Triple DES specifies the use of three distinct DES keys, for a total key length of 168 bits
More from Vaibhav Khanna (20)
Information and network security 47 authentication applications
Information and network security 47 authentication applications
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithm
Information and network security 46 digital signature algorithm
Information and network security 45 digital signature standard
Information and network security 45 digital signature standard
Information and network security 44 direct digital signatures
Information and network security 44 direct digital signatures
Information and network security 43 digital signatures
Information and network security 43 digital signatures
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication code
Information and network security 42 security of message authentication code
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Information and network security 41 message authentication code
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 40 sha3 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 39 secure hash algorithm
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Information and network security 38 birthday attacks and security of hash fun...
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Information and network security 37 hash functions and message authentication
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
Information and network security 35 the chinese remainder theorem
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Information and network security 32 principles of public key cryptosystems
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Information and network security 31 public key cryptography
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Information and network security 30 random numbers
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithm
Information and network security 29 international data encryption algorithm
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- 1. Information Retrieval : 15 Alternative Algebraic Models Prof Neeraj Bhargava Vaibhav Khanna Department of Computer Science School of Engineering and Systems Sciences Maharshi Dayanand Saraswati University Ajmer
- 2. Alternative Algebraic Models • Generalized Vector Model • Latent Semantic Indexing • Neural Network Model
- 3. Generalized Vector Model • Classic models enforce independence of index terms • In the generalized vector space model, two index term vectors might be non-orthogonal
- 4. Key Idea • As before, let wi,j be the weight associated with [ki, dj ] and V = {k1, k2, . . ., kt} be the set of all terms • If the wi,j weights are binary, all patterns of occurrence of terms within docs can be represented by minterms:
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