INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY, SHORT-TERM MEMORY SYSTEM and LONG-TERM MEMORY SYSTEM
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George Miller developed information processing theory in the 1950s to focus on how information is encoded into memory. Information processing theory examines the flow of information from short-term memory to long-term memory. Short-term memory acts as a temporary storage and processing system, also called working memory, while long-term memory provides continuous storage and is divided into explicit memories that can be consciously recalled and implicit memories that are not part of consciousness.
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Information processing
The document discusses Information Processing Theory (IPT), which describes how knowledge enters and is stored in memory in three stages: encoding, storage, and retrieval. It explains the different types of knowledge and the stages of IPT - sensory register, short-term memory, long-term memory - and the processes of attention, rehearsal, and organization that guide information flow. Forgetting can occur due to decay or interference, but strategies like elaboration and context can aid retrieval.
information processing theory
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Information processing theory
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Information processing theory models how humans receive and process information. It compares the human mind to a computer, with sensory input like the computer's input and short-term memory functioning like the CPU. Information moves through different stages: sensory memory holds immediate perceptions, short-term memory processes and temporarily stores information, and long-term memory archives information through encoding and rehearsal. At each stage, unattended or unrehearsed information can be lost.
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Metacognition refers to thinking about one's own thinking. It involves awareness and understanding of one's own thought processes. There are two main components - knowledge about cognition and regulation of cognition. Knowledge of cognition includes knowledge about strategies that can be used for different learning situations. Regulation of cognition refers to skills such as planning, monitoring, and evaluating one's comprehension. Metacognitive skills are essential for effective learning as they allow students to consciously monitor and manage their learning.
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Information processing theory (IPT) focuses on how information is encoded, stored, and retrieved in memory. It describes the different memory stores - sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory - and the cognitive processes that transfer information between them. George Miller was an early proponent of IPT. John Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin later developed a multi-stage theory of memory. Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch proposed the influential working memory model. IPT provides models of how we perceive information through our senses, hold it briefly in short-term memory, and consolidate it into long-term memory through processes like rehearsal and chunking.
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This document provides an overview of memory from a psychological perspective. It defines memory as the mental capacity to store, recall, or recognize past experiences. It describes the three main types of memory according to cognitive psychologists: sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory. Long-term memory is further divided into explicit and implicit memory. The key stages of memory are encoding, storage, and retrieval. Sensory memory involves initial registration of information and lasts up to a second. Short-term memory holds small amounts of information briefly, while long-term memory stores large amounts of information potentially indefinitely.
Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptx
Views on human learning with reference to (i) Concepts and principles of each view and
their applicability in different learning situations (ii) Relevance and applicability of
various theories of learning for different kinds of learning situations(iii) Role of learner
and teacher in various learning situations
Information-processing view (Atkinson Shifrin)
Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. In 1968 these two proposed a multi-stage theory of memory. They explained that from the time information is received by the processing system, it goes through different stages to be fully stored. They broke this down to sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Atkinson). In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory, storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. It is very brief storage—up to a couple of seconds. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. An information processing model in psychology emphasises how information perceived via the senses is encoded, stored, retrieved and utilised by the human brain. It is a framework used by psychologists to explain and describe mental and cognitive processes. The premise of Information Processing Theory is that creating a long-term memory is something that happens in stages; first we perceive something through our sensory memory, which is everything we can see, hear, feel or taste in a given moment; our short-term memory is what we use to remember things for very short
Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptx
Views on human learning with reference to (i) Concepts and principles of each view and
their applicability in different learning situations (ii) Relevance and applicability of
various theories of learning for different kinds of learning situations(iii) Role of learner
and teacher in various learning situations
Information-processing view (Atkinson Shifrin)
Atkinson and Richard Shiffrin. In 1968 these two proposed a multi-stage theory of memory. They explained that from the time information is received by the processing system, it goes through different stages to be fully stored. They broke this down to sensory memory, short-term memory, and long-term memory (Atkinson). In the Atkinson-Shiffrin model, stimuli from the environment are processed first in sensory memory, storage of brief sensory events, such as sights, sounds, and tastes. It is very brief storage—up to a couple of seconds. We are constantly bombarded with sensory information. An information processing model in psychology emphasises how information perceived via the senses is encoded, stored, retrieved and utilised by the human brain. It is a framework used by psychologists to explain and describe mental and cognitive processes. The premise of Information Processing Theory is that creating a long-term memory is something that happens in stages; first we perceive something through our sensory memory, which is everything we can see, hear, feel or taste in a given moment; our short-term memory is what we use to remember things for very short
MEMORY
Memory is the ability to store, maintain, and recall experiences and information over time. The document outlines the three main processes of memory: attention and selection, encoding, and storage and retrieval. It then provides details on each memory process and type, including sensory memory, short-term memory, long-term memory, declarative and procedural memory, explicit and implicit memory. Finally, it lists some measures to improve memory such as organizing information, active learning, using visual aids, repetition, and maintaining a healthy lifestyle.
MEMORY, PROCESS AND FORGETTING IN PSYCHOLOGY
- Encoding is the first stage of memory, where sensory information is processed and represented so it can be further processed by memory systems.
- Storage is the second stage, where received information is retained over time.
- Retrieval is the third stage, referring to locating stored information and bringing it to awareness when needed.
Human Memory processes.pptx slidesshares
This document defines human memory and its key components. It discusses that memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information through different types: sensory memory holds information briefly, short-term memory for a few seconds to minutes, and long-term memory for hours to years. The memory processes of encoding, storage, and retrieval are also explained. Three important factors that affect memory retention are attention during learning, the emotional impact of experiences, and tailoring learning to an individual's preferred learning style.
The nature of memory and encoding
Memory involves encoding, storing, and retrieving information over time. Encoding occurs through rehearsal, deep processing, elaboration, imagery, and organization. Memory is stored in sensory memory briefly, working memory for 30 seconds unless rehearsed, and long-term memory for lifetimes. Memory storage involves different types like declarative and non-declarative memory as well as contents like episodic and semantic memory. Retrieving memories can be difficult due to interference, decay, or lack of cues. Effective study strategies include taking good notes, using mnemonics, asking questions, spacing out learning, monitoring progress, and managing time well.
Memory
The document discusses several factors that influence long-term memory (LTM) encoding and storage. It explains that encoding requires strategies like organization, imagery, and constructive processes. Organization involves arranging input into logical categories. Imagery involves forming mental images of concrete words. Constructive processes modify input through inference and accentuating details. Retrieval of stored memories involves cues and reconstruction. The document also discusses types of forgetting, amnesia, and their causes.
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Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptx
Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptx
Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptx
Information - Processing View (Atkinson Shiffrin).pptx
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INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY, SHORT-TERM MEMORY SYSTEM and LONG-TERM MEMORY SYSTEM
- 1. INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY, SHORT-TERM MEMORY SYSTEM & LONG-TERM MEMORY SYSTEM Allan Lloyd M. Martinez
- 4. INFORMATION PROCESSING THEORY Focuses on how information is encoded into our memory
- 5. INPUT SHORT-TERM MEMORY LONG-TERM MEMORY
- 7. SHORT-TERM MEMORY A temporary storage system that processes incoming sensory memory.
- 8. SHORT-TERM MEMORY Also called “working memory”
- 11. LONG-TERM MEMORY Divided into two parts: Explicit and Implicit
- 12. EXPLICIT MEMORY • Also called declarative memories • Those we consciously try to remember and recall.
- 13. IMPLICIT MEMORY Also called non-declarative memories, are memories that are not part of our consciousness.