An overview about the Information Processing Theory in the Cognitive Development of the child

1. J U L I E A N N D . C R U Z
M A E D - E C E
Information
Processing
Theory
COGNITIVE DEVELOPMENT OF THE PRESCHOOL

3. What is IPT?
• IPT (Information Processing Theory)
• cognitive theory that focuses on how information is
encoded into our memory.
• describes how our brains filter information, from what
we’re paying attention to in the present moment, to
what gets stored in our short-term or working memory
and ultimately into our long-term memory.
• not only explains how information is captured, but
how it is stored and retrieved as well

4. GEORGE A. MILLER
Quick Background
• American Psychologist
• One of the proponent of IPT
• Discovered about the 7 plus or minus 2 items.
• The IPT development pertains to the study and analysis of
what occurs in a person’s mind as he or she receives a bit
of information (1956)
• IPT later developed by John William Atkinsons and
Richard Shiffrin- Multi-stage theory of memory.
• Alan Baddeley and Graham Hitch-Working Memory Model

5. • Information stores- different places in mind where information
is stored (sensory memory, short-term memory, long term memory and
more)
• Cognitive processes- various processes that transfer memory
among different memory stores. (perception, coding, recording,
chunking, and retrieval.)
• Executive cognition- awareness of the individual of the way
information is processed within him or her. (strengths and weakness)
Elements of Information
Processing Theory

6. MODELS of Information processing theory
0

7. MODELS of Information processing theory
• Sensory Memory- It holds the information
that the mind perceives through various senses
Iconic Memory
Lasts half a second
Echoic Memory
Lasts for 3 to 4 seconds
Auditory
Information
Visual
Information

8. MODELS of Information processing theory
• Short-Term Memory-Information in short-term
memory only lasts around 30 seconds.
Cognitive abilities affect how individuals process
information in working memory.
- Baddeley and Hitch Working Memory Model
7 2
+
-
Remember:

9. MODELS of Information processing theory
• Central Executive- It is considered the control center of the mind
where information processes are regulated between various
memory stores.
• Visuo-Spatial Sketch Pad- it holds spatial and visual information.
It helps the mind imagine objects and maneuver through the
environment
• Phonological Loop- holds auditory information.
- Phonological Store
- Articulatory Rehearsal process
• Episodic Buffer- believed that the episodic buffer transfers
information between short-term memory, perception, and long-term
memory. It acts as a connector for the long-term memory.

10. MODELS of Information processing theory
• Long Term Memory-It is thought that long-term memory
has an unlimited amount of space as it can store memories from
a long time ago to be retrieved later.
• Various methods are used to store information in the long-term
memory such as repetition, connecting information, relating
information to meaningful experience or other information, and
breaking up the information into smaller chunks.
Like the Short-term memory it is also divided in to two
types:
EXPLICIT-Declarative Knowledge(Knowing that)
IMPLICIT- Procedural Knowledge(Knowing how)

11. MODELS of Information processing theory
One of the earliest and most influential distinctions of long-term memory was proposed
by Tulving (1972).
EXPLICIT
• EPISODIC (experienced events)- responsible for storing information about events (i.e. episodes) that we
have experienced in our lives.
• SEMANTIC (Knowledge and Concepts)- responsible for storing information about the world. This
includes knowledge about the meaning of words, as well as general knowledge.
IMPLICIT
• PPROCEDURAL (Skills and Actions)-responsible for knowing how to do things, i.e., memory of motor skills.
• Emotional Conditioning

12. CLASSROOM APPLICATIONS
Now that we have a basic understanding of the learning process, how
can we apply this information to improve student performance in the
classroom?
1. Learning Objectives
2. Engagement strategies
3. Elaborative Rehearsal
4. Repetitions for retrieval

13. TanhK YOU!