1) Osteomyelitis and osteoradionecrosis of the jaw bones are inflammatory conditions that can develop due to infections, trauma, radiation therapy or bisphosphonate use. 2) They are characterized by necrosis of bone tissue which fails to heal properly and can lead to exposed bone, pain, swelling and draining fistulas. 3) Treatment involves controlling infections, relieving pain, removing devitalized bone tissue surgically if needed, and reconstructing the affected area with grafts or flaps. Preventing these conditions involves minimizing invasive dental procedures for those at high risk.