This document provides an overview of HTML and the World Wide Web. It discusses that the Web is a network of computers that can exchange text, graphics, and multimedia over the Internet. It also defines key terms like websites, web servers, URLs, browsers, hyperlinks, and HTML. HTML uses tags to mark up text and enable it to function as hypertext that can link between web pages.

1. • Instructor:
Mr. Tawfik Aljobory
• Required: Text editor (e.g. Notepad)
• Textbook: HTML, XHTML, and CSS
Bible, Brian Pfaffenberger, Steven M.
Schafer,Charles White, Bill Karow,2004
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2. What Is the World Wide Web?
is a network of computers able to exchange
text, graphics, and multimedia information
via the Internet.
•The Web is a collection of files organized as a huge
hypertext .
•Many of these files produce documents called Web pages
•Web site - location on a computer somewhere on the
Internet that stores a collection of Web pages
http://www.yahoo.com
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5. • Web server - computer with special software for
transmitting Web pages over the Internet
– Domain names prefixed with www
• Home page - identifies the site and contains
links to other pages at the site
• Web sites are composed of a series of Web
pages
– Each page stored as a file
– Referred to by a unique URL
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6. What is the Web?
• URL (Uniform Resource Locator) - an
Internet address of a document on a
computer
– Begins with http://
• HTTP stands for Hypertext Transfer
Protocol - the protocol that allows Web
browsers to communicate with Web
servers
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7. • Hyper Text Transfer Protocol (HTTP) This is the "native"
protocol of the Web, designed specifically to transmit hypertext
over networks.
• File Transfer Protocol (FTP) This protocol allows a user to
transfer text or binary files among computer hosts across
networks.
• Gopher This protocol allows users to share information using a
system of menus, documents, or connections to Telnet
sessions.
• Network News Transfer Protocol (NNTP) This is the protocol
for Usenet news distribution. Usenet is a system for
asynchronous text discussion in topic subdivisions called
newsgroups.
• Telnet This protocol is used for (possibly remote) logon to a
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computer host.

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10. • Browsers
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11. • What is a browser?
• Web browsers provide Internet users with
all-purpose client software for accessing
many types of servers
– Internet Explorer
– Netscape
– Opera
– Chrome
– Firefox
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12. Exactly what does a browser do?
A browser fetches and displays Web
pages
• The server sends your computer data
that’s stored
• The data consists of information that you
want to see and HTML tags, codes that
tell your browser how to display it
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14. How Does the Web Work?
• The computers that make all these Web
pages available are called Web servers.
On any computer that’s connected to the
• Web, you can run an application called a
Web browser. Technically, a Web browser
is called a Web client
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15. • They all speak a common “language,” called
HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP).
• HTTP It’s a set of rules or
• procedures, called protocols, that enables
computers to exchange information over
the Web.) Regardless of where these computers
reside—China, Norway, or Texas—they can
communicate with each other through HTTP.
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16. • Most Web pages contain hyperlinks,
which are specially formatted words or
phrases that enable you to access another
page on the Web.
• When you click the hyperlink, your
computer sends a message called an
HTTP request. This message says, in
effect, “Please send me the Web page that
I want.”
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18. • If the page isn’t found, you see an
• error message, which probably includes
the HTTP code for this error: 404, “Not
• Found.”
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20. • What Is Hypertext?
Hypertext is a type of text that contains
hyperlinks
which enable the reader to jump from one
hypertext page to another.
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21. • Where Does HTML Fit In?
Hyper Text Markup Language (HTML) enables
you to mark up text so that it can
function as hypertext on the Web.It is
Computer Language understood by internet
browser
HTML consists of its own set of symbols that
tell Web browsers how to display the page.
These symbols, called elements, include the
ones needed to create hyperlinks. 21

22. Standard Generalized Markup Language
(SGML), an international standard for
marking up text for presentation on a
variety of physical devices.
The basic idea of SGML is that the
document’s structure should be separated
from its presentation:
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