The document provides an overview of the key technologies that enable the World Wide Web. It discusses how the Web is a subset of the Internet that uses HTTP to access interlinked hypertext documents from servers. The TCP/IP protocol handles communication between networks, while technologies like HTML, URLs, domain names, browsers and servers allow people and computers to access and share information over the Internet through the World Wide Web. The document also reviews some common uses of the Internet and factors to consider when selecting technologies for websites.

1. Introduction

2. What is Web?
 The Web, or World Wide Web (W3), is basically
a system of Internet servers that support specially
formatted documents.
 The Web is the common name for the World Wide Web, a
subset of the Internet consisting of the pages that can be
accessed by a Web browser.
 Some people assume that Web is the same as the Internet,
and use these terms interchangeably.

3. Internet and WWW
Inter-network and World Wide Web
Interlinked hypertext documents
accessed using HTTP Protocol
Client - Server architecture

4. Some historical details
 Start of standard groups
 TCP
 handles conversion between messages and streams packets
 IP
 handles addressing of packets across networks
 TCP/IP
 enables packets to be sent across multiple networks using multiple standards
 Telnet
 One of the earliest standards for exchanging transmission, directly connect accounts
on different systems.
 SMTP
 specifies another way of direct connection

5. Some historical details
 MIME
 Extension to the SMTP Protocol which supports the exchange of richer data files
such as audio-, video-, and images data.
 FTP
 (1973) supports file transfer between Internet sites
and allows a system to publish a set of files by hosting an FTP sever
innovation  permits anonymous users to transfer files
 Archie
 Late 1980‘s distributed file system based on FTP
 Gopher
 First simple system, providing GUI

6. Why Internet?
Use of internet
 Email
 Social Networking, Chat
 Information sharing
 Getting updates – News around the world
 Entertainment – Games, Videos and Music
 Virtual classrooms
 Remote Access
 Online Jobs

7. Why Websites?
Offline Apps vs. Online Apps
ONLINE APPS
 No need to install
 Just login and use
 Available from anywhere where Internet connection is available
 Operating system independent
 No piracy issues
OFFLINE APPS
 Ease of use
 Generally have more features
 Easier to develop but difficult to update

8. Technologies Overview
List of Technologies
Client Side Technologies
 HTML, CSS, JavaScript, VBScript
 XHTML, DHTML, WML, AJAX
 FLASH
Server Side Technologies
 ASP, PHP, Perl, JSP
 ASP.NET, Java
 MySQL, SQL Server, Access

9. Technologies Overview
List of Technologies
Some More Advanced Technologies
 XML, XSLT, RSS, Atom
 X-Path, XQuery, WSDL
 XML-DOM, RDF
 Ruby on Rails, GRAIL Framework
 REST, SOAP
 ExpressJS, NodeJS, React NativeJS, AngularJS

10. How to choose a
Technology?
Depends on:
 What is the type of content?
 Who is your audience?
 Who will modify your content?
 What are your Future Plans?
 Availability of technology?
 Your previous experience?
 Portability and Data sharing

11. Core Web Technologies
HTTP(HyperText Transfer Protocol)
generic, stateless protocol
governs the transfer of files across a network
developed at CERN (Central European Research Network),
they also came up with the name WWW, later W3C
supports access to SMTP,FTP and other protocols
was designed to support hypertext

12. Core Web Technologies
 Exchanged information, can be static or dynamic
 Every resource, accessible over the Web has a URL(Uniform
resource locator)
 HTTP mechanism is based on client/server model
typically using TCP/IP sockets

13. Core Web Technologies
 since Version 1.1 HTTP requires servers to support persistent
connections, to minimize overhead associated with
opening and closing connections.
 Typical methods on the server side are:
 OPTIONS
 send information about the communication options
 GET
 retrieve document or document produced by a program
 POST
 Append or attach information
 PUT
 Store information
 DELETE
 Delete the resource indicated in the request

14. Core Web Technologies
 Another limitation HTTP is stateless
 Does not provide storing of information between requests
 No indication of any relationship between two different requests
 cookies, small data structures that a web server requests the
HTTP client to store on the local machine,
are used to maintain state information
e.g. cookies store recently view items on a web shop

15. Some Web Terms
 Web Standards
 Web Browser
 Web Services
 Web Server
 Web Page
 Web Hosting
 Web Storage
 Web Stack
 Web Site
 Web Application
 Web Portal

16. Web Engineering
 Web Engineering is the application of systematic, disciplined and
quantifiable approaches to development, operation, and
maintenance of Web-based applications.
 It is both a pro-active approach and a growing collection of
theoretical and empirical research in Web application
development.