The Harappan civilization arose along the Indus River valley around 2700 BC and lasted until 1700 BC. Major cities included Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro which had populations over 35,000. Cities featured planned neighborhoods and streets laid out in grids, along with sophisticated drainage systems. The civilization engaged in extensive trade and had a standardized system of weights, measures, and brick sizes. Though stratified, there is no evidence of warfare or rulers claiming victories. The decline of the civilization may have been due to shifting river patterns and flooding, as well as changes in trade routes.

1. Indus River Civilizations A Peaceable Kingdom?