Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate. Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically, provide higher accuracy and quick response.
Part of Lecture series on EEE-413, Electrical Drives (DC Drives) delivered by me to students of VIII Semester B.E. (Electrical), Session 2018-19.
Z. H. College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
Missing materials will be uploaded shortly.
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
Part of Lecture series on EEE-413, Electrical Drives (DC Drives) delivered by me to students of VIII Semester B.E. (Electrical), Session 2018-19.
Z. H. College of Engg. & Technology, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh.
Missing materials will be uploaded shortly.
Please comment and feel free to ask anything related. Thanks!
The electricity supply industry is undergoing a profound transformation worldwide. Market forces, scarcer natural resources, and an ever-increasing demand for electricity are some of the drivers responsible for such unprecedented change. Against this background of rapid evolution, the expansion programs of many utilities are being thwarted by a variety of well-founded, environment, land-use, and regulatory pressures that prevent the licensing and building of new transmission lines and electricity generating plants.
Breaking,Types of Electrical Braking system, Regenerative Braking, Plugging ...Waqas Afzal
Why Breaking?
Requirements for Braking
Types of Electrical Braking system
Regenerative Braking.
Plugging type braking.
Dynamic braking.
Breaking implementations at DC Motor and AC Motor
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
IOT BASED POWER GRID MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEMvivatechijri
Energy generation corporations provide electricity to any or all the households via intermediate controlled power transmission hubs referred to as Electricity Grid. Generally issues arise thanks to failure of the electricity grid resulting in black out of a complete space that was obtaining provide from that individual grid. This project aims to resolve this downside victimization IOT because the means that of communication and conjointly coping with numerous alternative problems that a wise system will traumatize to avoid needless losses to the Energy producers.
The electricity supply industry is undergoing a profound transformation worldwide. Market forces, scarcer natural resources, and an ever-increasing demand for electricity are some of the drivers responsible for such unprecedented change. Against this background of rapid evolution, the expansion programs of many utilities are being thwarted by a variety of well-founded, environment, land-use, and regulatory pressures that prevent the licensing and building of new transmission lines and electricity generating plants.
Breaking,Types of Electrical Braking system, Regenerative Braking, Plugging ...Waqas Afzal
Why Breaking?
Requirements for Braking
Types of Electrical Braking system
Regenerative Braking.
Plugging type braking.
Dynamic braking.
Breaking implementations at DC Motor and AC Motor
Torque Production & Control of Speed in Synchronous Motor.
Speed of synchronous motors can be controlled using two methods called open loop and close loop control.
Open loop contol is the simplest scalar control method where motor speed is controlled by independent frequency control of the converter.
In case of close loop self control mode, instead of controlling the inverter frequency independentaly, the frequency and the phase of the output waveform are controlled by an absolute position encoder mounted on the machine shaft giving an account of position of the rotor.
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss CalculationAmeen San
Distribution System Voltage Drop and Power Loss
Calculation
Comparison of Overhead Versus Underground System
Power Loss Calculation,Voltage Drop Calculation
IOT BASED POWER GRID MONITORING & CONTROL SYSTEMvivatechijri
Energy generation corporations provide electricity to any or all the households via intermediate controlled power transmission hubs referred to as Electricity Grid. Generally issues arise thanks to failure of the electricity grid resulting in black out of a complete space that was obtaining provide from that individual grid. This project aims to resolve this downside victimization IOT because the means that of communication and conjointly coping with numerous alternative problems that a wise system will traumatize to avoid needless losses to the Energy producers.
Monitoring and Controlling of BLDC motor using IOTvivatechijri
Brushless Direct Current motors are synchronous motors which operates on DC current. These motors have various advantages over Brushed DC motors such as low cost, high speed torque characteristics, noise less operation. Speed controlling is Very important. Speed of the motor is controlled by (ESC) electronic speed controlled. The parameters like Speed, Current, Power, Temperature and Voltage are Monitored on from remote access through the configured electronic gadgets by using the Internet Of things. the purpose of this project is to control and monitor the of Brushless DC (BLDC) motor by using IOT. The Internet of Things (IOT) has led to huge development in digital world. IOT is interface that helps communication between objects Brushless DC Motor (BLDCM) has various features like high efficiency, reliability, high weight to torque ratio. Hence these motors have major significances in the industries. By utilizing this IOT, controlling and monitoring of a system is done to obtain desired output.
Feasible Interfacing and Programming of Industrial Control Technology Unit wi...theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
Understanding the Impact and Challenges of Corona Crisis on Education Sector...vivatechijri
n the second week of March 2020, governments of all states in a country suddenly declared
shutting down of all colleges and schools for a temporary period of time as an immediate measure to stop the
spread of pandemic that is of novel corona virus. As the days pass by almost close to a month with no certainty
when they will again reopen. Due to pandemic like this an alarm bells have started sounding in the field of
education where a huge impact can be seen on teaching and learning process as well as on the entire education
sector in turn. The pandemic disruption like this is actually gave time to educators of today to really think about
the sector. Through the present research article, the author is highlighting on the possible impact of
coronavirus on education sector with the future challenges for education sector with possible suggestions.
LEADERSHIP ONLY CAN LEAD THE ORGANIZATION TOWARDS IMPROVEMENT AND DEVELOPMENT vivatechijri
This paper is explaining that how only leadership is responsible for sustainable improvement and
growth and only it can lead the organization towards improvement and overall development. Leadership and its
effectiveness are discussed in this research work and also how leadership is a different way of the success of the
organization and different from the traditional management to create true work-culture and good-will of the
organization in the social scene. Leadership is only responsible in bringing positive and negative change in the
organization; if the leadership doesn’t have the concern in the organization, the organization will not be able to
lead in the right direction towards improvement and development.
The topic of assignment is a critical problem in mathematics and is further explored in the real
physical world. We try to implement a replacement method during this paper to solve assignment problems with
algorithm and solution steps. By using new method and computing by existing two methods, we analyse a
numerical example, also we compare the optimal solutions between this new method and two current methods. A
standardized technique, simple to use to solve assignment problems, may be the proposed method
Structural and Morphological Studies of Nano Composite Polymer Gel Electroly...vivatechijri
n today’s society, we stand before a change in energy scarcity. As our civilization grows, many
countries in thedeveloping world seek to have the standard of living that has been exclusive to a few nations, so
their arises a need in thedevelopment of technology that is compatible enough with the resources provided by
nature in order to have sustainabledevelopment to all class of the society. In order to overcomethe prevailing
challenges of huge energy crises in near future, there is an urgent need for the development of electrical
vehiclesor hybrid electrical vehicles with low CO2 emissions using renewable energy sources. In view of the
above, electrochemicalcapacitors can fulfil the requirements to some extent.Preparation of nano composite
polymer gel electrolyte is the best optional product to overcome these problems. When fillers are added or
dispersed to the polymer gel electrolyte, amorphous or porous nature of electrolyte increases which enhances
the liquid absorbing quality of polymer and helps in removing the drawbacks of polymer gel electrolytes such as
leakage, poor mechanical and thermal stability etc. In this work dispersion of SiO2 nano filler is done in the
[PVdF (HFP)-PC-Mg (ClO4)2] for the synthesis of nano composite PGE [PVdF (HFP)-PC-MgClO4- SiO2].
Optimization and characterization was carried out by using various techniques.
Theoretical study of two dimensional Nano sheet for gas sensing applicationvivatechijri
This study is focus on various two dimensional material for sensing various gases with theoretical
view for new research in gas sensing application. In this paper we review various two dimensional sheet such as
Graphene, Boron Nitride nanosheet, Mxene and their application in sensing various gases present in the
atmosphere.
METHODS FOR DETECTION OF COMMON ADULTERANTS IN FOODvivatechijri
Food is essential forliving. Food adulteration deceives consumers and can endanger their health. The
purpose of this document is to list common food adulterant methods commonly found in India. An adulterant is
a substance found in other substances such as food, cosmetics, pharmaceuticals, fuels, or other chemicals that
compromise the safety or effectiveness of that substance. The addition of adulterants is called adulteration. The
most common reason for adulteration is the use of undeclared materials by manufacturers that are cheaper than
the correct and declared ones. The adulterants can be harmful or reduce the effectiveness of the product, or
they can be harmless.
The novel ideas of being a entrepreneur is a key for everyone to get in the hustle, but developing a
idea from core requires a systematic plan, time management, time investment and most importantly client
attention. The Time required for developing may vary from idea to idea and strength of the team. Leadership to
build a team and manage the same throughout the peak of development is the main quality. Innovations and
Techniques to qualify the huddles is another aspect of Business Development and client Retention.
Innovation for supporting prosperity has for quite some time been a focus on numerous orders, including PC science, brain research, and human-PC connection. In any case, the meaning of prosperity isn't continuously clear and this has suggestions for how we plan for and evaluate advances that intend to cultivate it. Here, we talk about current meanings of prosperity and how it relates with and now and then is a result of self-amazing quality. We at that point center around how innovations can uphold prosperity through encounters of self-amazing quality, finishing with conceivable future bearings.
An Alternative to Hard Drives in the Coming Future:DNA-BASED DATA STORAGEvivatechijri
Demand for data storage is growing exponentially, but the capacity of existing storage media is not keeping up, there emerges a requirement for a storage medium with high capacity, high storage density, and possibility to face up to extreme environmental conditions. According to a research in 2018, every minute Google conducted 3.88 million searches, other people posted 49,000 photos on Instagram, sent 159,362,760 e-mails, tweeted 473,000 times and watched 4.33 million videos on YouTube. In 2020 it estimated a creation of 1.7 megabytes of knowledge per second per person globally, which translates to about 418 zettabytes during a single year. The magnetic or optical data-storage systems that currently hold this volume of 0s and 1s typically cannot last for quite a century. Running data centres takes vast amounts of energy. In short, we are close to have a substantial data-storage problem which will only become more severe over time. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) are often potentially used for these purposes because it isn't much different from the traditional method utilized in a computer. DNA’s information density is notable, 215 petabytes or 215 million gigabytes of data can be stored in just one gram of DNA. First we can encode all data at a molecular level and then store it in a medium that will last for a while and not become out-dated just like floppy disks. Due to the improved techniques for reading and writing DNA, a rapid increase is observed in the amount of possible data storage in DNA.
The usage of chatbots has increased tremendously since past few years. A conversational interface is an interface that the user can interact with by means of a conversation. The conversation can occur by speech but also by text input. When a chatty interface uses text, it is also described as a chatbot or a conversational medium. During this study, the user experience factors of these so called chatbots were investigated. The prime objective is “to spot the state of the art in chatbot usability and applied human-computer interaction methodologies, to research the way to assess chatbots usability". Two sorts of chatbots are formulated, one with and one without personalisation factors. the planning of this research may be a two-by-two factorial design. The independent variables are the two chatbots (unpersonalised versus personalised) and thus the speci?c task or goal the user are ready to do with the chatbot within the ?nancial ?eld (a simple versus a posh task). The results are that there was no noteworthy interaction effect between personalisation and task on the user experience of chatbots. A signi?cant di?erence was found between the two tasks with regard to the user experience of chatbots, however this variation wasn't because of personalisation.
The Smart glasses Technology of wearable computing aims to identify the computing devices into today’s world.(SGT) are wearable Computer glasses that is used to add the information alongside or what the wearer sees. They are also able to change their optical properties at runtime.(SGT) is used to be one of the modern computing devices that amalgamate the humans and machines with the help of information and communication technology. Smart glasses is mainly made up of an optical head-mounted display or embedded wireless glasses with transparent heads- up display or augmented reality (AR) overlay in it. In recent years, it is been used in the medical and gaming applications, and also in the education sector. This report basically focuses on smart glasses, one of the categories of wearable computing which is very popular presently in the media and expected to be a big market in the next coming years. It Evaluate the differences from smart glasses to other smart devices. It introduces many possible different applications from the different companies for the different types of audience and gives an overview of the different smart glasses which are available presently and will be available after the next few years.
Future Applications of Smart Iot Devicesvivatechijri
With the Internet of Things (IoT) bit by bit creating as the resulting time of the headway of the Internet, it gets critical to see the diverse expected zones for the utilization of IoT and the research challenges that are connected with these applications going from splendid savvy urban areas, to medical care administrations, shrewd farming, collaborations and retail. IoT is needed to attack into for all expectations and purposes for all pieces of our day-to-day life. Despite the fact that the current IoT enabling advancements have immensely improved in the continuous years, there are so far different issues that require attention. Since the IoT ideas results from heterogeneous advancements, many examination difficulties will arise. In like manner, IoT is planning for new components of exploration to be finished. This paper presents the progressing headway of IoT advancements and inspects future applications.
Cross Platform Development Using Fluttervivatechijri
Today the development of cross-platform mobile application has under the state of compromise. The developers are not willing to choose an alternative of either building the similar app many times for many operating systems or to accept a lowest common denominator and optimal solution that will going to trade the native speed, accuracy for portability. The Flutter is an open-source SDK for creating high-performance, high fidelity mobile apps for the development of iOS and Android. Few significant features of flutter are - Just-in-time compilation (JIT), Ahead- of-time compilation (AOT compilation) into a native (system-dependent) machine code so that the resulting binary file can execute natively. The Flutter’s hot reload functionality helps us to understand quickly and easily experiment, build UIs, add features, and fix bugs. Hot reload works by injecting updated source code files into the running Dart Virtual Machine (VM). With the help of Flutter, we believe that we would be having a solution that gives us the best of both worlds: hardware accelerated graphics and UI, powered by native ARM code, targeting both popular mobile operating systems.
The Internet, today, has become an important part of our lives. The World Wide Web that was once a small and inaccessible data storage service is now large and valuable. Current activities partially or completely integrated into the physical world can be made to a higher standard. All activities related to our daily life are mapped and linked to another business in the digital world. The world has seen great strides in the Internet and in 3D stereoscopic displays. The time has come to unite the two to bring a new level of experience to the users. 3D Internet is a concept that is yet to be used and requires browsers to be equipped with in-depth visualization and artificial intelligence. When this material is included, the Internet concept of material may become a reality discussed in this paper. In this paper we have discussed the features, possible setting methods, applications, and advantages and disadvantages of using the Internet. With this paper we aim to provide a clear view of 3D Internet and the potential benefits associated with this obviously cost the amount of investment needed to be used.
Recommender System (RS) has emerged as a significant research interest that aims to assist users to seek out items online by providing suggestions that closely match their interests. Recommender system, an information filtering technology employed in many items is presented in internet sites as per the interest of users, and is implemented in applications like movies, music, venue, books, research articles, tourism and social media normally. Recommender systems research is usually supported comparisons of predictive accuracy: the higher the evaluation scores, the higher the recommender. One amongst the leading approaches was the utilization of advice systems to proactively recommend scholarly papers to individual researchers. In today's world, time has more value and therefore the researchers haven't any much time to spend on trying to find the proper articles in line with their research domain. Recommender Systems are designed to suggest users the things that best fit the user needs and preferences. Recommender systems typically produce an inventory of recommendations in one among two ways -through collaborative or content-based filtering. Additionally, both the general public and also the non-public used descriptive metadata are used. The scope of the advice is therefore limited to variety of documents which are either publicly available or which are granted copyright permits. Recommendation systems (RS) support users and developers of varied computer and software systems to beat information overload, perform information discovery tasks and approximate computation, among others.
The study LiFi (Light Fidelity) demonstrates about how can we use this technology as a medium of communication similar to Wifi . This is the latest technology proposed by Harold Haas in 2011. It explains about the process of transmitting data with the help of illumination of an Led bulb and about its speed intensity to transmit data. Basically in this paper, author will discuss about the technology and also explain that how we can replace from WiFi to LiFi . WiFi generally used for wireless coverage within the buildings while LiFi is capable for high intensity wireless data coverage in limited areas with no obstacles .This research paper represents introduction of the Lifi technology,performance,modulation and challenges. This research paper can be used as a reference and knowledge to develop some of LiFitechnology.
Social media platform and Our right to privacyvivatechijri
The advancement of Information Technology has hastened the ability to disseminate information across the globe. In particular, the recent trends in ‘Social Networking’ have led to a spark in personally sensitive information being published on the World Wide Web. While such socially active websites are creative tools for expressing one’s personality it also entails serious privacy concerns. Thus, Social Networking websites could be termed a double edged sword. It is important for the law to keep abreast of these developments in technology. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate the limits of extending existing laws to battle privacy intrusions in the Internet especially in the context of social networking. It is suggested that privacy specific legislation is the most appropriate means of protecting online privacy. In doing so it is important to maintain a balance between the competing right of expression, the failure of which may hinder the reaping of benefits offered by Internet technology
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCEvivatechijri
THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE that is GFS. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, THE USABILITY METRICS FOR USER EXPERIENCE is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
Google File System was innovatively created by Google engineers and it is ready for production in record time. The success of Google is to attributed the efficient search algorithm, and also to the underlying commodity hardware. As Google run number of application then Google’s goal became to build a vast storage network out of inexpensive commodity hardware. So Google create its own file system, named as Google File System that is GFS. Google File system is one of the largest file system in operation. Generally Google File System is a scalable distributed file system of large distributed data intensive apps. In the design phase of Google file system, in which the given stress includes component failures , files are huge and files are mutated by appending data. The entire file system is organized hierarchically in directories and identified by pathnames. The architecture comprises of multiple chunk servers, multiple clients and a single master. Files are divided into chunks, and that is the key design parameter. Google File System also uses leases and mutation order in their design to achieve atomicity and consistency. As of there fault tolerance, Google file system is highly available, replicas of chunk servers and master exists.
A Study of Tokenization of Real Estate Using Blockchain Technologyvivatechijri
Real estate is by far one of the most trusted investments that people have preferred, being a lucrative investment it provides a steady source of income in the form of lease and rents. Although there are numerous advantages, one of the key downsides of real estate investments is lack of liquidity. Thus, even though global real estate investments amount to about twice the size of investments in stock markets, the number of investors in the real estate market is significantly lower. Block chain technology has real potential in addressing the issues of liquidity and transparency, opening the market to even retail investors. Owing to the functionality and flexibility of creating Security Tokens, which are backed by real-world assets, real estate can be made liquid with the help of Special Purpose Vehicles. Tokens of ERC 777 standard, which represent fractional ownership of the real estate can be purchased by an investor and these tokens can also be listed on secondary exchanges. The robustness of Smart Contracts can enable the efficient transfer of tokens and seamless distribution of earnings amongst the investors. This work describes Ethereum blockchainbased solutions to make the existing Real Estate investment system much more efficient.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
About
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Technical Specifications
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
Key Features
Indigenized remote control interface card suitable for MAFI system CCR equipment. Compatible for IDM8000 CCR. Backplane mounted serial and TCP/Ethernet communication module for CCR remote access. IDM 8000 CCR remote control on serial and TCP protocol.
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system
• Copatiable with IDM8000 CCR
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
Application
• Remote control: Parallel or serial interface.
• Compatible with MAFI CCR system.
• Compatible with IDM8000 CCR.
• Compatible with Backplane mount serial communication.
• Compatible with commercial and Defence aviation CCR system.
• Remote control system for accessing CCR and allied system over serial or TCP.
• Indigenized local Support/presence in India.
• Easy in configuration using DIP switches.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
1. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
C-11
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
INDUCTION MOTOR PROTECTION USING PLC
Dhiraj Bukale1
, Pawan Balugade2
, Vrushabh Kamerkar3
Prof. Mukeshkumar Mishra4
1(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
2(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
3(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
4(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract : Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical
energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high
efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its
construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component
such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction
motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in
the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate.
Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically,
provide higher accuracy and quick response.
Keywords : Economical, Fault analysis, Induction motor, PLC, Reliable
1. INTRODUCTION
Induction motors are perplexing electrical machine used in most of the industrial applications for the
transformation of power from electrical to mechanical. Induction Motors are utilized worldwide as the
workhorse as a part of the mechanical provisions. Such motors are robust machines utilized for general purposes,
in risky areas and serious situations. Broadly useful provisions of induction motors in corporate pumps,
transports, machine instruments, diffusive machines, presses, lifts. Induction motor is the most moderate
electrical machine from construction point of view. Induction motor are highly reliable, require less maintenance
and have high efficiency. The motor fault is due to mechanical and electrical stress. Mechanical stress is caused
by overload and suddenly load changes, which can produce vibration in motor. Electrical stress is caused by
Short circuit, temperature rise and some other faults like speed, single phasing etc., Hence the failure is occurs in
the motor, such failure is costly, increase maintenance cost and wasted raw material. To overcome the above
problem, the fault detection and protection of induction motor by using PLC (Programmable Logic Control)
method can be used. [1]
2. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
C-12
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
2. METHODOLOGY
The following is the design methodology for the project Induction motor protection using PLC.
2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 1: Block Diagram [2]
2.2 Working Principle
As per shown in the block diagram, CT (current transformer) & PT (potential transformer) are used for
current and voltage measurement, any temperature sensor for measuring temperature and speed by using
incremental encoder /optimal sensor. The output of these sensors are given to PLC. In this method of protection,
the online monitoring of induction motor is done and all the necessary electrical parameters – voltage, current
and temperature, speed are monitored. If the parameters are bounded which mean all the parameters are within
their normal operating range, the PLC will continuously be allowing the induction motor to be connected with
the three phase supply. However, if there is any disturbance found, PLC will trip the induction motor by giving a
tripping- signal to magnetic contactor and relay as per the programmed conditions.
Types of faults with their normal and abnormal magnitude:
Table 1: Motor normal and abnormal fault magnitude [3]
Fault Type Normal Abnormal
Over Voltage 220 V 235 V
Under Voltage 220 V 190 V
Over Temperature 27 o
C 40 o
C
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ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
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2.3 Circuit Diagram
Figure 2: Circuit Diagram[2]
2.4 Components and specifications
Table 2: Components and Specifications
Sr. No. Components Specifications
1 DELTA PLC 20.4 to 28.8 VDC I/O 8/6
2 CURRENT TRANSFORMER RATIO 50:5A
3 POTENTIAL TRANFORMER RATIO 230:V
4
LM 35 TEMPERATURE
SENSOR
4 to 30V DC
5 INDUCTION MOTOR Three phase,415V,50Hz,5HP
2.5 Mathematical Analysis
Table 3: Mathematical Formula for designing
Sr. No. Formula Description
1. For current Transformer :
Np Is
Ns Ip
For full load current of 7A we use CT ratio 50:5A
From the above we get output of CT will be 0.7 A
Np = Primary turns
Ns = Secondary turns
Is = Secondary current
Ip = Primary current
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2. For Potential Transformer
230:5 V ratio PT we use
PT = Potential Transformer
3. For temperature sensor LM35 :
10mV/Degree C, 40*10 = 400mv output we get for 40 Degree C
3. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE SCOPE
3.1 Conclusion
System for protection of System for protection of induction motor from abnormal conditions using
PLC is built and tested. PLC can be used even in unclean circumstances and environments of high
temperatures, humidity and chemicals and thus suitable in an industry than any other logic devices. They
have direct interoperability to other industrial devices such as relays, valves, actuators, transmitters, motor
starters etc. Simplicity in programming of PLC makes the system more popular. The project can be modified
by implementing supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA), which provides real time monitoring of
various parameters of the motor on a computer screen. Further, the protection can be implemented with large
three phase motors used in industries.[4]
3.2 Future Scope
3.2.1 Latest trends in industrial automation
Latest trends in the industrial automation include increased use of analytic, growing use of PLC and
increased cloud-based supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems. These tendency
will be effect the industrial automation control market, according to a report. The report also forecast
that these trends will also result in an eight percent compound annual growth rate (CAGR) for the
Asia region, but the direction are likely to be seen globally. Automation industry is moving towards
the future of the unparalleled productivity spurred by superior energy efficiency, better design and
operator visualization.[5]
3.2.2 Latest PLC technology
Latest PLC technology helps to monitor and control distributed multiple user applications. It also
provides a accurate and overall picture of operations, meeting the demands of multiple stakeholders
including maintenance and production information technology (IT). Reliable and robust functions can
be obtained using the latest technologies of PLC. These technologies enable you to take the
advantage of visualization and other new technologies, meeting various challenges in operation,
discrete applications and delivering critical visibility when you need it.
3.2.3 Scope of PLC programming
PLC’s are continuously growing and evolving to be the best option for a variety of industrial
automation applications. Scope of PLC programming is increasing rapidly because of greater
programming flexibility and ease, more memory, smaller sizes and built-in wireless features, less
time consuming. PLC’s are getting benefits from USB technology and thus make it easier than other
methods and monitor your control systems. PLC programming will evolve, and with the availability
of smaller micro and mini USB connectors, you can expect to see this option on more of the smaller
PLC’s. In the future, PLC will continuously evolve because of adapting technology increases in
communications, hardware, and software. [6]
5. VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
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3.2.4 SCADA system
SCADA stands for Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition. SCADA is a system that collects data
from various sensors at a industry or in other remote locations and then sends this data to a central
computer which then manages and controls the data. SCADA is a term that is used broadly to
properly control and management solutions in a wide range of industries in worldwide.
One of the special feature of SCADA is the ability to monitor an entire system in real time. The main
purposes for the use of a SCADA system would be to collect the data from remote sites and even the
local site, displaying them on the monitor screen in the control room, storing the appropriate data to
the hard drive of the master computer and allowing the control of field devices (remote or local) from
the control room.[7]
SCADA systems are equipped to make instant corrections in the operational system, so that they can
increase the life-period of component and save on the need for costly repairs and saves time. It also
translates into saved man-hours and enabled to focus on tasks that require human involvement.
3.2.5 Different types of protection
There are various other methods for the control of IM, like Advance vector control , Direct torque
control, Sensor less direct torque control. The monitoring system can be connected to the web,
making the system control from any place or from control room. The system would be more
adaptive so that it can be configured for different type of application such as servo motors,
stepper motors etc.[8]
In next some years GSM service are often added during this system to understand consumer,
when fault occurred.
The fault is automatically detected but by extending this we will automatically clear the fault in
future and in minimum time.
By using his type of PLC based system the cost effective automation system for residence scan be
developed in future and it is very user friendly for the operator.
Similar kind of work can be done with the help of SCADA, DCS etc. Other types of faults can
also be considered such power factor problems ground faults etc.[9]
REFERENCE
[1] Ambili Pradeep, Elizabeth Thomas, Kavya Mohan, “Protection of Induction Motor From Abnormal Conditions using PLC”,
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electrical, Electronics and Instrumentation Engineering, Vol. 6, Issue 4, April 2017.
[2] Arti K. Rode, Mahesh S. Pathe, “Fault Detection and Protection of Induction Motor by using PLC”, International Journal of Research
in Engineering, Science and Management Volume-3, Issue-7, June-2019
[3] Dileep Kumar1, Abdul Basit1, Aisha Saleem, "PLC Based Monitoring & Protection of 3-Phase Induction Motors against Various
Abnormal Conditions ",International Conference on Computing, Mathematics and Engineering Technologies, July-2019, pp. 294-298.
[4] Colak, “Protecting of Induction Motor using PLC ”, 12, April 2007
[5] Bhagyashree S. Bhosale, Mohit V. Burad, “Protection and automated of AC motor by using PLC”, International Research Journal of
Engineering and Technology, volume -05, Issue 4, pp. 3672-3675,April 2018.
[6] M. Peltola, “Slip of induction motors and how to minimize it”, ABB Drives Technical Paper, ABB, New Berlin, 2015, pp.1–5.
[7] G. S. Yadava, and B. Singh, “A survey of stator fault analysis techniques for AC motors ”, IEEE Trans. Energy Convers., vol. - 20,
no.2, pp.106–111, Mar.2010.
[8] W. Bin,“A survey on AC motors online fault identification”, in 3rd Int. Power Electron. Motion Control Conf, vol. 3, pp.1353–1358,
May. 2018
[9] Nordin Saad, Rosdiazli Ibrahim, “Development of intelligent condition monitoring system for AC induction motors using PLC”,IEEE
Business Engineering and Industrial Applications Colloquium (BEIAC), vol no 5,pp 1466-1472, Feb.2018.
![VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
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INDUCTION MOTOR PROTECTION USING PLC
Dhiraj Bukale1
, Pawan Balugade2
, Vrushabh Kamerkar3
Prof. Mukeshkumar Mishra4
1(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
2(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
3(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
4(Electrical Department, VIVA Institute of Technology, India)
Abstract : Induction motor is rotating type of electro-mechanical device. Induction motor convert electrical
energy into mechanical energy. Induction motor is highly reliable, require less maintenance and have high
efficiency. Induction motor are wide in range of operation and it used in many application because its
construction is simple and robust. In past induction motor can be protected by manual operation of component
such as timer, contactor, electromagnetic switch, voltage and current transformer. Protection of an induction
motor against problem such as short circuit, temperature rise, single phasing and motor vibration occurring in
the operation is very important. Manual operation of protection system are very slow and is not accurate.
Looking to this issues, in this paper PLC based protection method is used. Which operated automatically,
provide higher accuracy and quick response.
Keywords : Economical, Fault analysis, Induction motor, PLC, Reliable
1. INTRODUCTION
Induction motors are perplexing electrical machine used in most of the industrial applications for the
transformation of power from electrical to mechanical. Induction Motors are utilized worldwide as the
workhorse as a part of the mechanical provisions. Such motors are robust machines utilized for general purposes,
in risky areas and serious situations. Broadly useful provisions of induction motors in corporate pumps,
transports, machine instruments, diffusive machines, presses, lifts. Induction motor is the most moderate
electrical machine from construction point of view. Induction motor are highly reliable, require less maintenance
and have high efficiency. The motor fault is due to mechanical and electrical stress. Mechanical stress is caused
by overload and suddenly load changes, which can produce vibration in motor. Electrical stress is caused by
Short circuit, temperature rise and some other faults like speed, single phasing etc., Hence the failure is occurs in
the motor, such failure is costly, increase maintenance cost and wasted raw material. To overcome the above
problem, the fault detection and protection of induction motor by using PLC (Programmable Logic Control)
method can be used. [1]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/14-210711122620/85/Induction-Motor-Protection-Using-PLC-1-320.jpg)
![VIVA-Tech International Journal for Research and Innovation
ISSN(Online): 2581-7280
Volume 1, Issue 4 (2021)
VIVA Institute of Technology
9th
National Conference on Role of Engineers in Nation Building – 2021 (NCRENB-2021)
C-12
www.viva-technology.org/New/IJRI
2. METHODOLOGY
The following is the design methodology for the project Induction motor protection using PLC.
2.1 Block Diagram
Figure 1: Block Diagram [2]
2.2 Working Principle
As per shown in the block diagram, CT (current transformer) & PT (potential transformer) are used for
current and voltage measurement, any temperature sensor for measuring temperature and speed by using
incremental encoder /optimal sensor. The output of these sensors are given to PLC. In this method of protection,
the online monitoring of induction motor is done and all the necessary electrical parameters – voltage, current
and temperature, speed are monitored. If the parameters are bounded which mean all the parameters are within
their normal operating range, the PLC will continuously be allowing the induction motor to be connected with
the three phase supply. However, if there is any disturbance found, PLC will trip the induction motor by giving a
tripping- signal to magnetic contactor and relay as per the programmed conditions.
Types of faults with their normal and abnormal magnitude:
Table 1: Motor normal and abnormal fault magnitude [3]
Fault Type Normal Abnormal
Over Voltage 220 V 235 V
Under Voltage 220 V 190 V
Over Temperature 27 o
C 40 o
C](data:image/gif;base64,R0lGODlhAQABAIAAAAAAAP///yH5BAEAAAAALAAAAAABAAEAAAIBRAA7)