The document discusses railway communication systems in India. It describes the layout and control of the Eastern Railways, the types of signals used, and communication technologies like MTRC, walkie talkies, voice loggers, and emergency portable control telephones. It also outlines the basic features of GSM-R communication and types of control systems. Various communication mediums are presented, including overhead, underground, microwave, and optical fiber systems.

1. Presented by-
Suraj kumar soni(27300313021)
Purusottam singh(27300313012)
Manoj kisku(27300313009)
Pintoo sharma(27300313010)
Vocational Training

2. INTRODUCTION
• Railways were first introduced to India in the year 1853 from
Mumbai to Thane.
• Its operations cover twenty nine states and seven union
territories and also provides limited international services
to Nepal , Bangladesh and Pakistan.
• Indian Railways is divided into 17 zones , which are further
sub-divided into divisions.

3. Layout of Eastern Railways

4. TRAIN TRAFFIC CONTROL
• Railway Control Circuits are omnibus telephone
circuits which provide communication with each train
working point, thus facilitating efficient train
operation.
• They should provide satisfactory and reliable
communication between the controller and the
various way-side stations, important signal cabins,
loco sheds, yard offices etc.

5. CONTROLLER’S EQUIPMENT:
The control office equipment consists of operating console with DTMF code generator
and voice communication equipment.
(i) The operating console with code generator has following facilities:
a)Standard DTMF Key Pad for calling 99 stations with two push button operation.
(ii) The communication equipment consists of loudspeaker/microphone with amplifiers
and hand micro telephone and controller’s headset.

6. • WAY STATION EQUIPMENT: The way station
equipment shall consist of
DTMF decoder which can be assigned any DTMF
station code/group code selectable with DIP
switches, voice communication equipment and
2-Wire/4-Wire desk type control telephone.

7. TYPES OF SIGNAL:
1. BLOCK SIGNAL [Trains can collide with each other if they are not permitted to occupy
the same section of track at the same time, so railway lines are divided into sections known
as blocks. In normal case, only one train is permitted in each block at a time.]
2. FIXED SIGNAL [In most railways, physical signals are erected at the lineside to indicate
drivers whether the line ahead is occupied and to ensure that sufficient space exists
between trains to allow them to stop.]
3. MECHANICAL SIGNAL [Older forms of signal displayed their different aspects by
their physical position.]
4. COLOUR LIGHT SIGNAL [in modern railways, colour light signals have largely
replaced mechanical ones. Colour light signals have the advantage of displaying the
same aspects by night as by day, and require less maintenance than mechanical
signals. Eg: Green, Yellow, Red]
5. CAB SIGNAL [Cab signalling is a system that communicates signalling information
into the train cab. between Drivers and Guard]

8. MTRC
• Mobile Train Radio communication is a digital wireless network
based on GSM-R.
[GSM-R, Global System for Mobile Communications – Railway
or GSM-Railway is an international wireless communications
standard for railway communication and applications.]
• Designed on EIRENE (European Integrated Railway Radio
Enhanced Network).
[A sub-system of European Rail Traffic Management
System (ERTMS), it is used for communication between train
and railway regulation control centres. The system is based
on GSM.]
• Indian railways has 20 channels for communication starting from
144.400 MHz to 151.450 MHz.

9. THE BASIC FEATURES OF GSM-R
• Point to Point call Allows user to make a distinct call.
• Voice Broadcast call Allows groups of user to receive
common information.
• Voice Group call Allows groups of user to make calls
within/among the groups.
• Emergency call Allows user to call controller during
emergency.

10. Types of control system:
1. Section Control/Train Control
2. Deputy Control
3. Loco power Control
4. S&T Control.
5. Emergency Wireless Control
Communication

11. Communication system:
• The process of sending and receiving signal
between two station through different
medium in known as communication system.
• In communication system there are three
essential components that should be
consider.
1. Sender (Tx)
2. Receiver (Rx)
3. Medium

12. COMMUNICATION SYSTEM FOR
RAILWAY
• Optical Systems
• Microwave Systems
• Wireless Media
• Radio System
• Telephone Systems
• Passenger Information
• Public Address Systems
• Signal Post Telephones
Over Head
communication
Underground
Communication
Microwave
Communication
Optical
Communication

13. OVER HEAD COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
UNDERGROUND COMMUNICATION SYSTEM

14. MICROWAVE TRANSMISSON:
Microwave transmission refers to the technology of transmitting
information or energy by the use of electromagnetic
waves whosewavelengths are conveniently measured in small
numbers of centimetre, these are called microwaves. This part of
the radio spectrum ranges across frequencies of roughly 1.0 GHz to
30 GHz.

15. OPTICAL FIBER COMMUNICATION
Optical fiber communication is a method of transmitting information
from one place to another by sending pulses of light through an optical
fiber. The light forms an electromagnetic carrier wave that is
modulated to carry information.

16. wokie tokies:-
Walkie-talkies are handheld, portable radios: they communicate wirelessly (using radio
waves) on a single, shared frequency band. Each battery-powered unit contains a
transmitter/receiver and antenna (for sending and receiving radio waves),
a loudspeaker that often doubles up as a microphone when you talk into it, and a button
that you "push-to-talk" (PTT)

17. VOICE LOGGER:-
Voice logging is the practice of regularly recording
telephone conversations. Railway sectors which
often do voice logging include public safety, every
conversation between controller and station
master is being recorded. Although voice logging
is usually performed on conventional telephone
lines, it is also frequently used for recording open
microphones and for broadcast radio.
The equipment can also be used as a missed call
monitor. VDRPU – Voice and Data Recording and
Processing Unit forms the heart of this system

18. EMERGENCY-PORTABLE-CONTROL-
TELEPHONES
This telephone provides inter communication
between any way side point along the train
route and the controller. This can be
connected through 6 Pin Socket located along
the Railway Track in 4 Wire side and 2 Wire
side. The telephone has transmitter and
receiver Speech Circuits. The telephone
works on 3V DC with the aid of 2 Nos. of 1.5 V
dry cells.

19. PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION
RAILNET
PRS
PASSENGER
RESERVATION
SYSTEM
UTS
UNRESERVED
TICKETING SERVICE
P.A. SYSTEM
IVRS
INTERACTIVE VOICE
RESPONSE SYSTEM