An industrial training was held at Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) for Aprup Sarkar, Gautam Kumar, and Manish Kumar. BSNL is India's largest fixed line and fourth largest mobile provider, as well as a broadband internet services provider. The training covered an overview of BSNL's services including universal services, mobile, internet, and newer technologies like 3G and WiMax. Participants learned about core telecommunication topics like telephone exchanges, pulse code modulation, optical fiber, broadband technologies, and wireless options. The training provided an overview of BSNL's telecommunications network and operations.

1. INDUSTRIAL TRAINING HELD AT BSNL
APRUP SARKAR
GAUTAM KUMAR
MANISH KUMAR

2. INTRODUCTION:
Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (abbreviated BSNL)is an Indian state
owned telecommunications company headquartered in New Delhi. It is
the largest provider of fixed telephony and fourth largest mobile
telephony provider in India, and is also a provider of broadband
services
Technological developments in the field of telecommunication in India
have been taking place at much
faster as per the global trend. Particularly during last three Year
There has been a major transformation in the switching Technology

3. SERVICES
Universal Telecom Services
Cellular Mobile Telephone
Services
WLL-CDMA Telephone Services
Internet
Intelligent Network (IN)
3G
 WiMax

4. OVERVIEW OF TELECOMMUNICATION
Telephone is a telecommunication device
that
isusedto transmit and receive electronically
or digitally encoded speech between two or
more people conversing.
Telecommunication networks carry
information signals among entities , which
are geographically a part. The
telecommunication links and switching were
mainly design for voice communication

5. TELEPHONE EXCHANGE
Telephone exchange is a hub to
which all subscribers are
connected .For smooth working of
exchange following unit are very
important
1.Computer Unit
2.Power Supply
3.AC
4.MDF

6. Computer Unit: - it deals with additional
services of the change to the customers
with the help of computers.
Power Plant:- to feed proper power supply
to exchange AC
Plant: - to maintain the continuous
temperature + or- 2 degree Celsius to the
digital switch (exchange).

7. MDF(MAIN DISTRIBUTION FRAME)
The fault of telephone number is removed in
the MDF; it is called as Fault Remove
Section . These testing are T.T.Y. testing,
Group testing, etc. The telephone numbers
are also disconnected in the MDF because
of some specific reason
ORGANISATION OF THE MDF PARTS:-
Horizontal side Vertical side

8. HORIZONTAL SIDE
It is subdivided into two parts
Exchange side Line side Description of
the horizontal side:-Rack-On the rack,
the tags are situated. One rack is
having eight tags.
WEDGE:-If we want to disconnect any
two numbers then we insert a wedge
between subscriber side and exchange
side. Here wedge works as insulator
made of plastic

9. VERTICAL SIDE
The vertical side connected to the
underground cable .This cable is having
100 pairs . These pair is distributed when
we allot the telephone number to the
subscriber .Vertical side is again subdivided
in two parts : One part is connected with
the horizontal side and another with the
subscriber line by using
100 pair underground cable.

10. NIB(NETWORK INTERNET BACKBONE)
Networking is a key component of any Internet
Services Provider (ISP) operations .The Internet
Backbone refers to the principal data routes between
large, strategically interconnected networks and core
routers in the Internet.
BASIC BLOCKS OF NIB
1.MDF 2.Router 3.DSLAM 4.BNG

11. DSLAM (DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE ACCESS
MULTIPLEXER)
 Maximum capacity of each DSLAM is 480 kbps
 Minimum capacity of each DSLAM is 120 kbps
480 kbps DSLAM has 16 cards, each card
has48pairs of broad band customers
One end of the DSLAM is connected to MDF
through the cables which are filled

12. PULSE CODE MODULATION(PCM)
1.Filtering
2.Sampling
3.Quantizing
4.Encoding
converts analog signals to a digital
format(signal).This process has four
major step

13. OPTICAL FIBRE
The latest technology that we use today is
Optical fibre communication system.
In this system sound energy is converted to
light which is transmitted over optical fibres .
This has 99%efficiency.The fibre is made
up of borosilicate glass

14. ADVANTAGES OF FIBER OPTIC CABEL
Fibre Optics has the following advantages :
SPEED:
Fiber optic networks operate at high speeds -up into the
gigabits
BANDWIDTH
: large carrying capacity
DISTANCE:
Signals can be transmitted further without needing to be
"refreshed" or strengthened.
RESISTANCE:
Greater resistance to electromagnetic noise such as radios,
motors or other nearby cables.
MAINTENANCE:
Fiber optic cables costs much less

15. OVERVIEW OF BROADBAND TECHNOLOGY
Broadband is the nonspecific term for high-
speed digital Internet access .Communication of
data with different throughput is feasible by
following technologies:
Narrow Band 2.4Kbps – 128Kbps.
Broadband 256Kbps–8000Kbps.
LAN 1000 –100Mbps

16. Broadband communication
technology can be divided broadly in
to categories:
Wire line Technology.
Wireless Technology .
Wireline Technologies include:
Digital Subscriber Lines (DSL)
on copper loop.
Optical Fibre Technologies.
Cable TV Networks.
PLC (power line communication)

17. WIRELESS TECHNOLOGIES INCLUDE:
 Satellite Media
Terrestrial Wireless
3G Mobile
Wi-Fi (wireless Fidelity)
 Wi Max.
FSO (free space optics)

18. THANK YOU