The document discusses the railway communication system in India, including Railnet which allows passengers to access information online, as well as FOIS which manages various railway operations. It describes the methods of communication used in railways like optical fiber, microwave, radio, and telephone, as well as the transmission methods of PDH, SDH, and WDM. The network components that support railway communication are also outlined, including routers, switches, firewalls, and network interface cards.

1. A VOCATIONAL TRAINING REPORT ON-Presented
RAILWAY COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
UNDER THE SUPERVISION OF-H.
O.D. MR YOGESH BAHENDWAR
by:
VIKASH KUMAR ANSHU KUMAR
RAKESH KUMAR HARSH

2. CONTENTS:
• INTRODUCTION
• PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION-
1.RAILNET
2.FOIS
• COMMUNICATION
• METHOD OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS
• TRANSMISSION METHOD
• NETWORK COMPONENTS

3. INTRODUCTION TO RAILWAYS
 Indian Railway is certainly the 'Lifeline of the Nation' with its commendable
performance since the last 150 years having 11270 trains each day on a
total rail route of 62,480km.
 Indian Railways is known to be the largest railway network in Asia and
world's largest railway system under a single management with 16 zones.
 IR employs about 1.6 million people, making itself the second largest
commercial or utility employer in the world.
 The Durg-Bhilai area comes under the South East Central Railway whose
headquarters is at Bilaspur. It started functioning as a separate zone from
5th April 2003.
1.RAILNET
PRS
PASSENGER
RESERVATION
SYSTEM
UTS
UNRESERVED
TICKETING
SERVICE
P.A. SYSTEM
IVRS
INTERACTIVE
VOICE
RESPONSE
SYSTEM
PARTS OF RAILWAY COMMUNICATION-

4. RAILNET-Railnet
is a network which is run by the Indian Railway for its customer service
purpose. Passengers can access Railnet through internet and can get user
required data about train schedule, ticketing, reservation, train running
information etc.
1.PRS- The ticketing and reservation system for
railway passenger transport completes the pre-sale
and sale management of tickets and covers all
administration levels. It is under passenger
transport department and connected with the
regional headquarters and then with the main
frame computers in Mumbai. Indian Railway’s
web-site, www.indianrail.gov.in offers PRS
enquiries on the internet Berth/Seat availability,
Passenger Status, Fare, Train Schedule etc. PRS is
running currently at 1,200 locations, Deploying
4,000 terminals , covering journeys of 3,000 trains
and executing ONE MILLION passenger
transactions per day.

5. Reservation
storage file
Passenger
Reservation
Process
Enquiry
Ticket Generation
Process
Data Storage
Report to Admin
PRS SYSTEM
2. UTS- Unreserved ticketing
system involve in printing,
accounting and issuing unreserved
tickets. A Client Based UTS system
is implemented in several locations
so that ticketing activity can continue
even if the communication link or the
server goes down for some time.

6. 3. P.A. SYSTEM- Announcements of train arrivals, departure, delays, etc.
through preprogrammed messages are stored on data voice recorders on
stations along the railway line.
4. IVRS- An interactive voice
response system that can recognize
a customer’s voice and answer
queries as well as any person. It
can enhance our organization’s
efficiency unlike conventional
interactive systems.
IVR Server
2.FOIS NETWORK
CMS(Crew Management System)
ICMS(Integrated Coach Management System)
Goods Management System
TMS(Terminal Management System)
Revenue Accounting System
CENTRAL
SWITCH

7. Process Of Communication-
Steps-a.
Input transduction
b. Processing(Amplification and Modulation)**
c. Transmission**
d. Reception
e. Output transduction

8. # Conversion from Analog to Digital-
Pulse-code modulation(PCM) is a method used to digitally represent the analog
signals. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly
at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a
range of digital steps.
For ex.- the quantized values of a
sine signal at the sampling
moments are 7, 9, 11, 12, 13, 14,
14, 15, 15, 15, 14, etc. Encoding
these values as binary
numbers would result in the
following set of nibbles: 0111
(23×0+22×1+21×1+20×1=0+4+2+1=7),
1001, 1011, 1100, 1101, 1110,
1110, 1111, 1111, 1111, 1110, etc.

9. METHODS OF COMMUNICATION IN RAILWAYS-Optical
Fibre Communication-
* Between major stations
* Multiple links possible in between
* Fastest and secure
* Largest band width
* Can carry very large no. of channels
Microwave-
* Wireless method
* Prone to weather
* Max range up to 40kms
* Bandwidth of 300MHz-300GHz
Radio Communication-
* Between driver and station master
* Low distance communication within a railway station

10. LAN-
* Wired communication between different computers at a station
* Internet or Intranet access may be there
* RJ-45(8 pin connection) cable or coaxial cable
is used.
* Works within a station
Telephonic communication-
* Connects different offices, loco-sheds, homes
of officials
* Works via a telephone line
* Often single channel is used
* Separate Railway Telecom. Exchange is set
up for this purpose

11. Transmission Methods-
1. PDH- The Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy is a technology used
in telecommunications networks to transport large quantities of data over
digital transport equipment such as fibre optic and microwave radio systems
2. SDH- The Synchronous Optical
Networking (SONET) and Synchronous
Digital Hierarchy (SDH) are
standardized protocols that transfer
multiple digital bit streams
over optical fiber using lasers or
highly coherent light from light-emitting
diodes. The method was
developed to replace the PDH system
for transporting large amounts
of telephone calls and data traffic
over the same fiber without
synchronization problems.

12. 3 .WDM(Wavelength Division Multiplexing)-
It is a technology which multiplexes a number
of optical carrier signals onto a single optical
fiber by using different wavelengths. DWDM
originally to optical signals multiplexed within
the 1550 nm band so as to leverage the
capabilities and cost of erbium doped fiber
amplifiers(EDFAs), which are effective for
wavelengths between approximately 1525–
1610nm. WDM Setup
Switch
Sender’s PC
Two way links
Router
Router
Switch
Receiver’s PC

13. Network Components-
1. Router
2. Switch
3. Firewall
4. Network Interface Card
Router
A Router
A router translates information from one network to another. It is similar
to a super intelligent bridge.
A Router Can-
1. Direct signal traffic efficiently.
2. Route messages bw any two protocols.
3. Route messages bw linear bus, star and star-wired ring topologies.
4. Route messages across fiber optics, coaxial & twisted pair cabling.
Switch
The switch is used to interconnect the nodes. But it is more complex,
versatile and also there is no division of bandwidth among the nodes.

14. Firewall
It is security purpose software, which is used to secure the server contents,
so the outside user could not temper the information; the user can read the
information but can not write any thing.
Network Interface Card
It is a device having intelligence to control access to the networks and
enable communication across the network. Through NIC the nodes are
connected functionally and physically to the network. It is also called
network adapter.
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15. QUERIES PLEASE… Thank You..

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