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Towards Social Inclusion
Presented By:
Anoop Kumar Mishra
Social inequalities;
Castes: rest of society, religious groups: Muslims
Estimates: Human Development Index (134) for
each state,
Employment
Poverty,
Hunger and Nutrition,
Health
Education,
Housing
Electricity
Telephones, elderly and disabled
Social inclusion
Human development-related indicators
HDI : composite index: three indicators
Expenditure
Education and health
Consumption
The top five ranks: states
Kerala, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Goa and
Punjab
States: better on health and education
Higher HDI
Higher per capita income
Over the eight year period, HDI has risen by 21 per cent compared to a
rise of 18 per cent in India’s (2000-2010).
HDI increase largely guided by a 28.5 per cent increase in the Education
index.
While the education index has pulled up the HDI, it is the health index
which constrains its improvement.
Human development indicators for SCs, STs and Muslims
converging with the national average – a move towards
social inclusion.
The eight poorer states –
Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya
Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and
Uttarakhand, are home to nearly 48 per cent of all SCs, 52
per cent of the STs and 44 per cent of all Muslims in the
country.
States doing well, do it across the board – for all social
groups
Done remarkably well in human development : north eastern states (excluding
Assam)
HDI: below the national average:
Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Uttar
Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Assam
Achievements Consistently declining incidence
of poverty.
SC poverty rate is declining faster than the
national average, but STs’ poverty is falling
slower.
Rising consumption and wages between
2004/5 and 2012/13.
Declining unemployment rate.
A further decline in child labour.
Increasing participation of females in education
is reducing female labour force participation
There are only very limited achievements in the
area of nutrition.
Challenge of high malnutrition compounded by
continuing Social Inclusion/exclusion.
India is the worst performer in terms of low
birth weight (28%), underweight and wasting
among children in BRIC and SAARC counties.
SCs, STs & Muslims are converging with IMR
national average - fall in IMR has been sharper
in case of STs compared to SCs.
Convergence in case of SCs & Muslims; but STs
see a rise in TFR - Maximum fall in fertility rate
experienced by Muslims along with a sharp
increase in CPR.
Despite an increase in number of toilets, open
defecation remains the single largest threat to
health & nutritional status
Decline in inter-State variation in literacy rate, so poor
States are converging with richer one.
Convergence across social groups in literacy rate, thereby
implying social inclusion.
Improvement in net enrolment ratio (NER) atall levels.
India is home to the largest chunk of illiterates.
Illiterates among Muslims concentrated in 3 States (UP,
BIHAR, WB).
Female illiteracy in rural India is a major challenge holding
back social inclusion.
High drop-out rate is a major hindrance in success of
Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan.
Decline in attendance at higher level of education, again a
challenge for SSA.
Low mean years of schooling is a major challenge for
inclusive growth .
Two-third of Indians now reside in pucca houses.
Electrification probably holds the greatest reward in
terms of multiplier effects on human Development.
A greater proportion of Muslims than SCs and STs
live in pucca houses mostly due to their urban
concentration.
with 66 per cent of the total population living in pucca
houses. But one-third of Indians still reside in kutcha
or semi-pucca houses.
Sharp Decline in Percentage of Working and No-where Children.
Children Work Participation Rate has been Declining, with Girl
Child WPR Falling at a Faster Rate.
In terms of Child Work Participation Rate Muslims are doing
better than STs.
Not only Convergence of Child WPR of SCs with national average
but also they are performing better.
Convergence of Child WPR of STs with National Average.
importance of good governance and massive social mobilization
India human index: Towards Social Inclusion

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India human index: Towards Social Inclusion

  • 1. Towards Social Inclusion Presented By: Anoop Kumar Mishra
  • 2. Social inequalities; Castes: rest of society, religious groups: Muslims Estimates: Human Development Index (134) for each state, Employment Poverty, Hunger and Nutrition, Health Education, Housing Electricity Telephones, elderly and disabled Social inclusion Human development-related indicators
  • 3. HDI : composite index: three indicators Expenditure Education and health Consumption The top five ranks: states Kerala, Delhi, Himachal Pradesh, Goa and Punjab States: better on health and education Higher HDI Higher per capita income
  • 4. Over the eight year period, HDI has risen by 21 per cent compared to a rise of 18 per cent in India’s (2000-2010). HDI increase largely guided by a 28.5 per cent increase in the Education index. While the education index has pulled up the HDI, it is the health index which constrains its improvement.
  • 5. Human development indicators for SCs, STs and Muslims converging with the national average – a move towards social inclusion. The eight poorer states – Bihar, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, Madhya Pradesh, Orissa, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand, are home to nearly 48 per cent of all SCs, 52 per cent of the STs and 44 per cent of all Muslims in the country. States doing well, do it across the board – for all social groups
  • 6. Done remarkably well in human development : north eastern states (excluding Assam) HDI: below the national average: Chhattisgarh, Orissa, Bihar, Madhya Pradesh, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, Rajasthan, and Assam
  • 7. Achievements Consistently declining incidence of poverty. SC poverty rate is declining faster than the national average, but STs’ poverty is falling slower. Rising consumption and wages between 2004/5 and 2012/13. Declining unemployment rate. A further decline in child labour. Increasing participation of females in education is reducing female labour force participation
  • 8. There are only very limited achievements in the area of nutrition. Challenge of high malnutrition compounded by continuing Social Inclusion/exclusion. India is the worst performer in terms of low birth weight (28%), underweight and wasting among children in BRIC and SAARC counties.
  • 9. SCs, STs & Muslims are converging with IMR national average - fall in IMR has been sharper in case of STs compared to SCs. Convergence in case of SCs & Muslims; but STs see a rise in TFR - Maximum fall in fertility rate experienced by Muslims along with a sharp increase in CPR. Despite an increase in number of toilets, open defecation remains the single largest threat to health & nutritional status
  • 10. Decline in inter-State variation in literacy rate, so poor States are converging with richer one. Convergence across social groups in literacy rate, thereby implying social inclusion. Improvement in net enrolment ratio (NER) atall levels. India is home to the largest chunk of illiterates. Illiterates among Muslims concentrated in 3 States (UP, BIHAR, WB). Female illiteracy in rural India is a major challenge holding back social inclusion. High drop-out rate is a major hindrance in success of Sarva Shiksha Abhiyan. Decline in attendance at higher level of education, again a challenge for SSA. Low mean years of schooling is a major challenge for inclusive growth .
  • 11. Two-third of Indians now reside in pucca houses. Electrification probably holds the greatest reward in terms of multiplier effects on human Development. A greater proportion of Muslims than SCs and STs live in pucca houses mostly due to their urban concentration. with 66 per cent of the total population living in pucca houses. But one-third of Indians still reside in kutcha or semi-pucca houses.
  • 12. Sharp Decline in Percentage of Working and No-where Children. Children Work Participation Rate has been Declining, with Girl Child WPR Falling at a Faster Rate. In terms of Child Work Participation Rate Muslims are doing better than STs. Not only Convergence of Child WPR of SCs with national average but also they are performing better. Convergence of Child WPR of STs with National Average. importance of good governance and massive social mobilization