Women and Education
Women and Health
Women and Economy
Women and Politics
A woman’s lack of education also has a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of her children. For instance, a recent survey in India found that infant mortality was inversely related to mother’s educational level
“The day a woman can walk freely on the roads at night, that day we can say that India has achieved independence.”
--Mahatma Gandhi
This slide describes about the position where a woman used to stand or stands in the current era or even in the days of vintage and the struggles a woman faces in her day to day life.
“The day a woman can walk freely on the roads at night, that day we can say that India has achieved independence.”
--Mahatma Gandhi
This slide describes about the position where a woman used to stand or stands in the current era or even in the days of vintage and the struggles a woman faces in her day to day life.
Gender Discrimination & Women Empowermentsachin tiwari
This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
A detailed Powerpoint Presentation that will enable you to understand the concept of women's empowerment in easy language and in the best possible way. I hope you will like it and kindly give your suggestion so that improvement can be made in this presentation.
Gender Inequality is one of the most common topics given in presentations in schools and colleges. this ppt can be used to explain the content and analyze the causes of gender Inequality.
The PowerPoint presentation is all about the need for empowerment, existing problems, and gender equality. (Also an interview transcript is attached with the PPT)
ideal for policies for women in India, basically for health services provided y government. it consist of health policy and there brief information of the same. ideal for bsw students
Given the predominantly patriarchal
setup in the country, the health and
education of a girl child is highly
neglected. Special programmes have
indeed been initiated to stop early
marriages and reduce school dropout
rates. But a lot more needs to be done.
Health & Education
of Girl Child in
India: An Increasing
Concern
– Dr Vibhuti Patel
Gender Discrimination & Women Empowermentsachin tiwari
This presentation is about women empowerment & gender discrimination. Here, I have added a lot of facts & figures.
I have tried to highlight all the problems & hurdles regarding this problem and also suggested some ideas that can overcome all these problems.
PPT ON WOMEN EMPOWERMENT, empowerment,india, ppt on women empowerment,women,women empowerment,rights, women rights, powerpoint presentation on women empowerment, women empowerment in India, government policies on women empowerment
A detailed Powerpoint Presentation that will enable you to understand the concept of women's empowerment in easy language and in the best possible way. I hope you will like it and kindly give your suggestion so that improvement can be made in this presentation.
Gender Inequality is one of the most common topics given in presentations in schools and colleges. this ppt can be used to explain the content and analyze the causes of gender Inequality.
The PowerPoint presentation is all about the need for empowerment, existing problems, and gender equality. (Also an interview transcript is attached with the PPT)
ideal for policies for women in India, basically for health services provided y government. it consist of health policy and there brief information of the same. ideal for bsw students
Given the predominantly patriarchal
setup in the country, the health and
education of a girl child is highly
neglected. Special programmes have
indeed been initiated to stop early
marriages and reduce school dropout
rates. But a lot more needs to be done.
Health & Education
of Girl Child in
India: An Increasing
Concern
– Dr Vibhuti Patel
Assessment and Analysis of the Overall Situation of Women and Children: Bangl...Premier Publishers
This article focuses on the situation assessment and analysis of children and women in Bangladesh provides an overview of the situation regarding education, health and nutrition, protection from abuse and exploitation, participation, and water, sanitation, and hygiene. As Bangladesh turns 46, improvements in women’s wellbeing and increased agency are claimed to be some of the most significant gains in the post-independence era. Various economic and social development indicators show that in the last 20 years, Bangladesh has made substantial progress in increasing women’s access to education and healthcare and in improving women’s participation in the labor force. In Bangladesh the latest BDHS finds that only twenty percent women work for cash. Among them only 48 percent are able to spend their money on their own, the rest are dependent upon spouses or other family members to take joint decisions on spending. Women in rural areas of Bangladesh enjoy less freedom and choices regarding their reproductive health rights than men. Male domination and socio-economic barriers impede the reproductive health rights of women in rural Bangladesh and to improve maternal and child health more organizational intervention is needed in the rural areas in Bangladesh and to initiate change in existing rural social order.
Gender based discrimination against female children is pervasive across the world. It is seen in all the class of society and manifests in various forms.
This article has been written for Techkriti Blog for a Cause Contest.
The topic was:
90% of children in India don’t go for College Degree.” How far have we progressed in terms of Education and what can be done to improve the scenario?
For more information visit: http://www.socialscribblers.in/techkriti-blog-cause/
A girl is like a flower to be nurtured. She is a goddess to be revered. She is mother earth that sustains the very breath of humanity. How can man even think of killing her in the womb? It is said in the Bhagwat Gita that the karma of the past catches up. For those who have killed their daughters mercilessly they will go through the same fate. But the woman whose tender heart continues to nurture will still give a chance to evil to redeem. Unless India gives women a chance to survive, it would fail as the world’s largest democracy.
Enhancing Women Education:A step Towards EqualityZaraB5
Education is the powerful sword which can conquer any obstacle.Women can change the face of the world , if given the major opportunities of education and other human rights.
International Journal of Humanities and Social Science Invention (IJHSSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Humanities and Social Science. IJHSSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Humanities and Social Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
Similar to Women empowerment unit-iii- Problems and Challenges in india (20)
Computer Networks:
Types of networks – Network Topologies –
Introduction to Internet
- Internet Concepts - E-Mail - WWW Concepts - Web Browser- Search Engine - Finding websites for Recipes - How to applying for job using job web sites.
Introduction to Computers – Classification of Digital Computer Systems – Anatomy of a Digital Computer - Generations of Computers – Memory Units – Input Devices –Output Devices – Auxiliary Storage Devices. Computer Hardware and Software –Programming Languages: Machine Languages- Assembly level languages and highlevel languages. Operating Systems.
பொருளாதார அளவையியல் அறிமுகம் - Econometrics an IntroductionDr. Mani Madhavan
Econometrics an Introduction -Tamil, Introduction to econometrics in Tamil, Basics of econometrics, Econometrics terms.
Reference : பொருளாதார அளவையியல்,
By - Dr.S.சியாமளா, M.A., M.Sc., M.Phil.,
இணைப் பேராசிரியர், பொருளாதாரத் துறை,
அமெரிக்கன் கல்லூரி,
மதுரை -625 002.
Women Empowerment – Conceptual Framework, மகளிர் அதிகாரமளித்தல் – கருத்தியல் கட்டமைப்பு, Sex and Gender
Meaning and Role of Gender
Gender Staratification in Historical Perspective
Gender Socialiszation
Gender Inequality and Gender injustice.
பாலினம்
Women's empowerment is the process of empowering women.
Empowerment can be defined in many ways, however, when talking about women's empowerment, empowerment means accepting and allowing people (women) who are on the outside of the decision-making process into it.
Women’s empowerment is the most crucial point to be noted for the overall development of a country.
Women Empowerment includes the action of raising the status of women through education, raising awareness, literacy, and training. Women's empowerment is all about equipping and allowing women to make life-determining decisions through different problems in society.
Women empowerment unit-iv - laws related to women empowermentDr. Mani Madhavan
Women Empowerment, BA Economics, Unit-IV, Laws Related to Women Empowerment, Indian Laws on Women’s Rights, Need for Uniform Civil Code in India, Labour laws, Laws related to Crimes Against Women, The Prohibition of Sexual Harassment of Women at Workplace Act, 2013, The Maternity Benefit Act, 1961, Indian Factories Act 1948, The Equal Remuneration Act, 1976,
Presentation at State level FDP at Government Arts College, Kangayam, Tamil Nadu by Dr.M.Madhavan, Coordinator, IQAC, Arignar Anna Government Arts College, Namakkal
PERIYAR UNIVERSITY - B.A. ECONOMICS- IV SEMESTER - INTERNATIONAL ECONOMICS - UNIT – V: Evolution, Role and Functions of International Institutions - IMF, IBRD, GATT, WTO and ADB.
The financial theory of investment has been developed by James Duesenberry.
It is also known as the cost of capital theory of investment. The accelerator theories ignore the role of cost of capital in the investment decision by the firm.
They assume that the market rate of interest represents the cost of capital to the firm which does not change the amount of investment it makes. It means that unlimited funds are available to the firm at the market rate of interest. In other words, the supply of funds to the firm is very elastic. In reality, an unlimited supply of funds is not available to the firm in any time period at the market rate of interest.
As more and more funds are required by it for investment spending, the cost of funds (rate of interest) rises.
To finance investment spending, the firm may borrow in the market at whatever interest rate funds are available.
International economics deals with the economic relations among nations. The resulting interdependence is very important to the economic well-being of most nations of the world and is on the increase. The economic relations among nations differ from the economic relations among the various part of a nation. This gives rise to different problems, requiring somewhat different tools of analysis, and justifies International Economics as a distinct and separate branch of “Applied” Economics.
International economics deals with
1) The Pure Theory of Trade. This examines the basis for trade and the gains from trade.
2) The Theory of Commercial Policy. This studies the reasons for and the results of obstructions to the free flow of trade.
3) The Balance of Payments. This examines a nation’s total payments to and total receipts from the rest of the world. These involve the exchange of one currency with others.
4) Adjustment in the Balance of Payments. This deals with the mechanism of adjustment to balance of payments disequilibria under different international monetary systems.
The Major reason for the people’s demand for money is that it is needed in any economy in which almost every person and firm sells goods and services for money and in turn uses money to buy the goods and services offered by others. Functionally this amount of money used as a medium of exchange. Classical theory explained the demand for money as essentially a demand resulting from this need for money as medium of exchange.
In Keynesian theory, money becomes much more than a medium of exchange, much more than a medium of exchange, much more than a device for meeting transactions in the marketplace. People also demand money for speculative purposes and as security against unforeseen needs for cash reserves. The break down of the demand for money into transactions and precautionary and speculative demands plays a vital part in the theory of Keynes.
The trade cycle refers to the ups and downs in the level of economic activity which extends over a period of several years. If we examine the past statistical record of the business conditions, we will find that business has never run smoothly forever. There are many fluctuations in the period. Sometimes prosperity is followed by adversely. In Economics this tendency of the business activities, to fluctuate from prosperity to adversely is called business cycle.
Prof. Keynes says: " A trade cycle is composed of periods of bad trade characterized by falling prices and high unemployment percentages while a period of a good trade is characterized by rising prices and high employment, percentages."
Paul H. Douglas, Professor at the University of Chicago introduced the production function in 1934. Another prominent economist Robert Solow has also conducted extensive research and found out how the technological progress has improved the productivity of inputs, viz., capital and labour in America.
In modern terminology, the various factors like land, labour, capital, organization skill, raw materials and other factors made use of in production are given a wider connotation called inputs. The product realized due to the inputs is called output. Inputs indicate the cost involved in procuring various factors, commodities as raw materials, power, etc., while output indicates the goods and services produced. Production is a process in which the physical inputs are transformed into physical output. The output is thus the function of inputs. The functional relationship between physical inputs and physical outputs of a firm is known as a production function. The production function is a catalogue of output possibilities.
Among several laws of production, the law of Diminishing Returns is the oldest and universal law. This law establishes a relationship between input and output and points out that with increasing input, output has a tendency to decline under certain circumstances. The classical economists associated the law of Diminishing Returns with agriculture as they thought that this law manifested in agriculture as they thought that this law manifested in agriculture (land).
Economists agree that supply means the commodity offered for sale at a price. In other words, supply refers to total supply offered for sale at a price to retailers and wholesalers. Sometimes the term market supply is used to denote the supply of perishable commodities with retailers only.
Break-even analysis is a study of costs, revenues and sales of a firm and find out the volume of sales where the firm’s costs and revenues will be equal. The Break-even point is the zone of no-profit and no-loss as the costs equal revenues.
Demand forecasting is essential for a firm to enable it to produce the required quantities at the right time and proper arrangements of all factors of production (Land, Labour, Capital, and Organisation). Demand Forecasting helps a firm to assess the probable demand for its products and plan its production accordingly.
Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank Introduce New Co-Branded Credit Cardnickysharmasucks
The unveiling of the IndusInd Bank Poonawalla Fincorp eLITE RuPay Platinum Credit Card marks a notable milestone in the Indian financial landscape, showcasing a successful partnership between two leading institutions, Poonawalla Fincorp and IndusInd Bank. This co-branded credit card not only offers users a plethora of benefits but also reflects a commitment to innovation and adaptation. With a focus on providing value-driven and customer-centric solutions, this launch represents more than just a new product—it signifies a step towards redefining the banking experience for millions. Promising convenience, rewards, and a touch of luxury in everyday financial transactions, this collaboration aims to cater to the evolving needs of customers and set new standards in the industry.
Empowering the Unbanked: The Vital Role of NBFCs in Promoting Financial Inclu...Vighnesh Shashtri
In India, financial inclusion remains a critical challenge, with a significant portion of the population still unbanked. Non-Banking Financial Companies (NBFCs) have emerged as key players in bridging this gap by providing financial services to those often overlooked by traditional banking institutions. This article delves into how NBFCs are fostering financial inclusion and empowering the unbanked.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
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USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview.pptxmarketing367770
USDA Loans in California: A Comprehensive Overview
If you're dreaming of owning a home in California's rural or suburban areas, a USDA loan might be the perfect solution. The U.S. Department of Agriculture (USDA) offers these loans to help low-to-moderate-income individuals and families achieve homeownership.
Key Features of USDA Loans:
Zero Down Payment: USDA loans require no down payment, making homeownership more accessible.
Competitive Interest Rates: These loans often come with lower interest rates compared to conventional loans.
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Eligibility Criteria:
Location: The property must be located in a USDA-designated rural or suburban area. Many areas in California qualify.
Income Limits: Applicants must meet income guidelines, which vary by region and household size.
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Application Process:
Find a USDA-Approved Lender: Not all lenders offer USDA loans, so it's essential to choose one approved by the USDA.
Pre-Qualification: Determine your eligibility and the amount you can borrow.
Property Search: Look for properties in eligible rural or suburban areas.
Loan Application: Submit your application, including financial and personal information.
Processing and Approval: The lender and USDA will review your application. If approved, you can proceed to closing.
USDA loans are an excellent option for those looking to buy a home in California's rural and suburban areas. With no down payment and flexible requirements, these loans make homeownership more attainable for many families. Explore your eligibility today and take the first step toward owning your dream home.
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024 - Ricerca sulle Startup e il Sistema dell'Innov...Quotidiano Piemontese
Turin Startup Ecosystem 2024
Una ricerca de il Club degli Investitori, in collaborazione con ToTeM Torino Tech Map e con il supporto della ESCP Business School e di Growth Capital
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how can i use my minded pi coins I need some funds.DOT TECH
If you are interested in selling your pi coins, i have a verified pi merchant, who buys pi coins and resell them to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
Because the core team has announced that pi network will not be doing any pre-sale. The only way exchanges like huobi, bitmart and hotbit can get pi is by buying from miners.
Now a merchant stands in between these exchanges and the miners. As a link to make transactions smooth. Because right now in the enclosed mainnet you can't sell pi coins your self. You need the help of a merchant,
i will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant below. 👇 I and my friends has traded more than 3000pi coins with him successfully.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins in all Africa Countries.DOT TECH
Yes. You can sell your pi network for other cryptocurrencies like Bitcoin, usdt , Ethereum and other currencies And this is done easily with the help from a pi merchant.
What is a pi merchant ?
Since pi is not launched yet in any exchange. The only way you can sell right now is through merchants.
A verified Pi merchant is someone who buys pi network coins from miners and resell them to investors looking forward to hold massive quantities of pi coins before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
what is the best method to sell pi coins in 2024DOT TECH
The best way to sell your pi coins safely is trading with an exchange..but since pi is not launched in any exchange, and second option is through a VERIFIED pi merchant.
Who is a pi merchant?
A pi merchant is someone who buys pi coins from miners and pioneers and resell them to Investors looking forward to hold massive amounts before mainnet launch in 2026.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade pi coins with.
@Pi_vendor_247
The secret way to sell pi coins effortlessly.DOT TECH
Well as we all know pi isn't launched yet. But you can still sell your pi coins effortlessly because some whales in China are interested in holding massive pi coins. And they are willing to pay good money for it. If you are interested in selling I will leave a contact for you. Just telegram this number below. I sold about 3000 pi coins to him and he paid me immediately.
Telegram: @Pi_vendor_247
what is the future of Pi Network currency.DOT TECH
The future of the Pi cryptocurrency is uncertain, and its success will depend on several factors. Pi is a relatively new cryptocurrency that aims to be user-friendly and accessible to a wide audience. Here are a few key considerations for its future:
Message: @Pi_vendor_247 on telegram if u want to sell PI COINS.
1. Mainnet Launch: As of my last knowledge update in January 2022, Pi was still in the testnet phase. Its success will depend on a successful transition to a mainnet, where actual transactions can take place.
2. User Adoption: Pi's success will be closely tied to user adoption. The more users who join the network and actively participate, the stronger the ecosystem can become.
3. Utility and Use Cases: For a cryptocurrency to thrive, it must offer utility and practical use cases. The Pi team has talked about various applications, including peer-to-peer transactions, smart contracts, and more. The development and implementation of these features will be essential.
4. Regulatory Environment: The regulatory environment for cryptocurrencies is evolving globally. How Pi navigates and complies with regulations in various jurisdictions will significantly impact its future.
5. Technology Development: The Pi network must continue to develop and improve its technology, security, and scalability to compete with established cryptocurrencies.
6. Community Engagement: The Pi community plays a critical role in its future. Engaged users can help build trust and grow the network.
7. Monetization and Sustainability: The Pi team's monetization strategy, such as fees, partnerships, or other revenue sources, will affect its long-term sustainability.
It's essential to approach Pi or any new cryptocurrency with caution and conduct due diligence. Cryptocurrency investments involve risks, and potential rewards can be uncertain. The success and future of Pi will depend on the collective efforts of its team, community, and the broader cryptocurrency market dynamics. It's advisable to stay updated on Pi's development and follow any updates from the official Pi Network website or announcements from the team.
Even tho Pi network is not listed on any exchange yet.
Buying/Selling or investing in pi network coins is highly possible through the help of vendors. You can buy from vendors[ buy directly from the pi network miners and resell it]. I will leave the telegram contact of my personal vendor.
@Pi_vendor_247
how to sell pi coins on Bitmart crypto exchangeDOT TECH
Yes. Pi network coins can be exchanged but not on bitmart exchange. Because pi network is still in the enclosed mainnet. The only way pioneers are able to trade pi coins is by reselling the pi coins to pi verified merchants.
A verified merchant is someone who buys pi network coins and resell it to exchanges looking forward to hold till mainnet launch.
I will leave the telegram contact of my personal pi merchant to trade with.
@Pi_vendor_247
Women empowerment unit-iii- Problems and Challenges in india
1. WOMEN EMPOWERMENT IN INDIA
PROBLEMS AND CHALLENGES
Dr. M. Madhavan
Assistant Professor Of Economics
Arignar Anna Government Arts College
Namakkal
COURSE : BA ECONOMICS
SUBJECT : WOMEN EMPOWERMENT
UNIT : III
4. Introduction
The Indian government has expressed a strong commitment towards education for all,
however, India still has one of the lowest female literacy rates in Asia.
In 1991, less than 40 percent of the 330 million women aged 7 and over were literate,
which means today there are over 200 million illiterate women in India.
This low level of literacy not only has a negative impact on women’s lives but also on
their families’ lives and on their country’s economic development.
Numerous studies show that illiterate women have high levels of fertility and mortality,
poor nutritional status, low earning potential, and little autonomy within the household.
A woman’s lack of education also has a negative impact on the health and wellbeing of
her children. For instance, a recent survey in India found that infant mortality was
inversely related to mother’s educational level
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
5. Introduction (Contd … … …)
Involvement of women in all sectors has increased India’s growth rate. Now
women are taking over every sector of society. That, in turn, is helping to
expand our countries’literacy rate.
Women’s education is a major step toward success. Furthermore, from the day
of the independence of women’s literacy rate is increasing.
From 8.6% it is now at 65%. The success rate of the country in women’s
literacy is quite high. But still, there are some reasons women are not able to
emerge in a proper manner.
6. Setbacks of the Women Education
System in India
Women’s literacy rate is increasing day by day but still
due to some reasons the growth is hampering.
The main reason for this is a crime against women.
Various crimes against women take place every day.
Because of which women are not able to roam freely on
the roads.
Crimes like Rape, women trafficking, murders, abortion
of a girl child are a shame for the country.
Furthermore, these crimes are prevalent, though being us
in the 21st Century. This is a huge setback for the growth
of India.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
7. Setbacks of the Women
Education System in India
(Contd … … …)
In small villages, girls are not allowed to go to school. They are
confined at home to take care of the house. Because the people
there still consider that women are only made to take care of the
house by staying back at home.
Gender discrimination and male superiority are still common.
One of the main reasons for the reduced women literacy rate is
the population of women in the entire country. In a recent survey,
for 1000 men there were only 936 women. This represents the
scarcity of female gender in our society.
However, there are many steps that the government is taking to
promote women’s education.
8. Methods to Promote Women’s
Education in India
The promotion of women’s education should begin from the rural
areas.
Awareness to educate a female child in different villages should
take place.
Diverting the mindset of the parents towards the education of
women.
If high quality schools got constructed in villages., the female
child may feel safe and have to travel for shorter distances.
Proper security for the women should be there so that the women
may not hesitate in coming out of their houses.
Also, strict actions and punishment should be there for any crime
against woman. So that the criminals may think of committing any
crime. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
9. Steps taken by government
to Promote Women’s
Education in India
Union Human Resource and Development Minister
Dr Ramesh Pokhriyal on Thursday, June 27, 2019
has presented number of schemes supporting girl
students to take up higher studies. The University
Grants Commission (UGC) has two specific
schemes for promotion of Women's Studies in
universities and colleges:
1. Development of Indian Studies in Indian
Universities & Colleges
2. Capacity Building and Women Managers in
Higher Education.
10. Schemes Under Which Girl
Students Can Avail Special
Scholarship
1. Post-Graduate Indira Gandhi Scholarship for Single
Girl Child
2. Swami Vivekananda Single Girl Child Scholarship for
Research in Social Science.
UGC has special schemes for promotion of women
hostels in universities and colleges and establishment
of day care centres.
UGC has provided support for eight exclusive women
universities.
11. Scholarship for Technical
Education
The All India Council for Technical Education is
implementing the PRAGATI scholarship scheme for
assistance of girls pursuing technical education.
12. Steps to Increase the
Enrolment of Girl
Students
To improve female enrolment in the Indian Institute of
Technology (IITs), the government has decided to
increase female enrolment in BTech programmes of IITs
from the current 8% to 14% in 2018-19, 17% in 2019-20
and 20% in 2020-21 by creating supernumerary seats.
The Government has also decided to increase female
enrolment from existing 14% to 20% over a period of 2-
4 years by creating supernumerary seats in
undergraduate programmes of National Institute of
Technology and Indian Institute of Engineering Science
and Technology, Shibpur
14. Women and Health in
India - Introduction
Women’s health refers to the branch of medicine that
focuses on the treatment and diagnosis of diseases and
conditions that affect a woman’s physical and emotional
well-being.
Health is an important factor that contributes to human
wellbeing and economic growth.
Currently, women in India has to face numerous health
issues, which ultimately affect the aggregate economy’s
output. Addressing the gender, class or ethnic disparities
that exist in healthcare and improving the health outcomes
can contribute to economic gain through the creation of
quality human capital and increased levels of savings and
investment.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
15. Women’s Health in
India
India is one of the few countries in the world where women and men have nearly the same life
expectancy at birth.
The fact that the typical female advantage in life expectancy is not seen in India suggests there
are systematic problems with women’s health Indian women have high mortality rates,
particularly during childhood and in their reproductive years
The health of Indian women is intrinsically linked to their status in society. Research on women’s
status has found that the contributions Indian women make to families often are overlooked, and
instead they are viewed as economic burdens.
There is a strong son preference in India, as sons are expected to care for parents as they age.
This son preference, along with high dowry costs for daughters, sometimes results in the
mistreatment of daughters.
Further, Indian women have low levels of both education and formal labor force participation.
They typically have little autonomy, living under the control of first their fathers, then their
husbands, and finally their sons. All of these factors exert a negative impact on the health status of
Indian women.
17. Fertility Intertwined With
Women’s Health
Many of the health problems of Indian women are related
to or exacerbated by high levels of fertility.
Overall, fertility has been declining in India; by 1992-93
the total fertility rate was 3.4.
Utter Pradesh, the most populous state in India, has a
total fertility rate of over 5 children per woman.
On the other hand, Kerala, which has relatively high levels
of female education and autonomy, has a total fertility
rate under 2.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
18. Over 100,000 Indian Women Die Each
Year From Pregnancy-Related Causes
Maternal mortality and morbidity are two health concerns
that are related to high levels of fertility. India has a high
maternal mortality ratio—approximately 453 deaths per
100,000 births in 1993.3 This ratio is 57 times the ratio in
the United States.
India’s maternal mortality ratio is lower than ratios for
Bangladesh and Nepal but higher than those for Pakistan
and Sri Lanka
The high levels of maternal mortality are especially
distressing because the majority of these deaths could be
prevented if women had adequate health services
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-NC
19. Pregnant Women and Prenatal
Care
National Family Health Survey (NFHS) found that 37 percent of all
pregnant women in India received no prenatal care during their
pregnancies (IIPS, 1995).
The proportion receiving no care varied greatly by educational level
and place of residence.
Nearly half of illiterate women received no care compared to just 13
percent of literate women.
Women in rural areas were much less likely to receive prenatal care
than women in urban areas (42 percent and 18 percent, respectively).
Most women who did not receive health care during pregnancy said
they did not because they thought it was unnecessary.
20. Place of
Births
Place of birth and type of assistance during birth
have an impact on maternal health and mortality.
Births that take place in nonhygienic conditions or
births that are not attended by trained medical
personnel are more likely to have negative
outcomes for both the mother and the child.
The NFHS survey found that nearly threequarters
of all births took place at home and two-thirds of
all births were not attended by trained medical
personnel. This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
21. Mother’s
Education
and
Children’s
Malnutrition
Mother’s education, according to the NFHS,
is highly correlated with the level of
malnutrition among children.
Children of illiterate mothers are twice as
likely to be undernourished or stunted as
children whose mothers have completed at
least high school.
The differentials are even larger when
severely undernourished children are
considered.
23. Women and economy: The Indian
perspective
Women play a major role in the economy of a nation,
including housewives. Housewives are the largest
workforce in the world, the most underpaid and
receive undue scoff.
If she is paid the role of a housewife’s duties can
amount to billions of dollars annually.
A woman purchases household goods not limited to
food items, but clothing, accessories, and many daily
use items as simple as a scrub to wash dishes.
24. Women and economy … …
She is the dictator of large companies producing goods in
manifold, she purchases the chips and cold-drinks for her child
consumes and treats guests with, she decides which commodities
will be used and in what quantity.
Most shopping outlets are directed towards women. Women are
ultimately the largest consumers in the market, especially so in the
Indian market where culture is upheld by women, where it’s the
wifely duty to ensure all goods are stocked in the house and family
members are able to work without a hiccup.
Yet women are the most overlooked consumer of the market, and
the corporates which target female-consumers lack the female
workforce within their company.
25. Women and economy … …
As women are the largest consumers in the market,
any product targeted towards them will surely
become a success.
Yet India’s largest economic benefit from women is
achieved by the cultural values bestowed.
India achieved a savings rate of 33 per cent of the
GDP, of which 70 per cent comes from household
saving and 20 per cent from the private corporate
sector and 10 per cent from public sector.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA
26. Women and economy
… …
The staggering 70% of household saving is the fuel of the economy,
with a tendency to have extra cash stacked away hidden from the
family but no spending at all, the Indian culture seems to drive the
Indian economy positively.
International Women’s day on March 2017 saw large scale strikes by
women, the theme this year was ‘A Day Without a Woman’.
If women in India were to take a day off then the economy would face
a serious setback, teachers in schools are mostly women and children
would face a difficult time learning, household chores would not be
done which would bring down the productivity and ease with which this
patriarchal regime thrives upon, even though the private sector sees
only a small percentage of women in the workforce that is still enough
to create a loss.
27. Contribution of Female
Entrepreneurship
The female entrepreneur are those women who think of a business enterprise, initiate it,
organize and combine the factors of production, operate the enterprise, undertake risk and
handle economic uncertainties involved in running a business enterprise. With education and
training, the female entrepreneur can gained confidence to do all work, which was the
prerogative of man and do it excellently, The most important role played by an average female
entrepreneurs include the following (Hafsat, S.2013).
$Exploring the possibilities and prospects of starting a new business venture.
$Risk taking and handling of economic uncertainties involved in running a business venture.
$Serving as agents of innovations and imitations of innovative tendencies.
$Coordinating all factors of production, administration and control of their businesses.
$Supervision and effective leadership style.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
28. Enhancing women's contribution
to the economy
Enhancing women's contribution to the economy involves factors influencing women's productivity.
Women workers comprise the majority of those classified as workers with "family responsibilities" by
the ILO. They are faced with the need to reconcile their dual tasks at work and at home. Given the
fact that women still have to perform their domestic duties, factors which increase the burden of
domestic duties make it more difficult for women to be efficient at work, they are classified into two
broad groups i.e. access to resources and socio-cultural constraints.
Access to resources includes affordable education, credit facilities, technology, land, extension
services, transportation and marketing services.
29. Obstacles to Female
Entrepreneurs
In Adequate Access to Finance
Multiple Responsibilities
Inadequate Education
Social and Family Background
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY
30. INDIAN WOMEN AND
POLITICS
The term 'political participation' has a very wide meaning. It is
not only related to 'Right to Vote', but simultaneously relates
to participation in: decision-making process, political activism,
political consciousness, etc. Women in India participate in
voting, run for public offices and political parties at lower
levels more than men.
Political activism and voting are the strongest areas of
women's political participation.
To combat gender inequality in politics, the Indian
Government has instituted reservations for seats in local
governments.
31. INDIAN WOMEN AND
POLITICS (Contd … … …)
Women turnout during India's parliamentary general
elections was 65.63%, compared to 67.09% turnout for
men. India ranks 20th from the bottom in terms of
representation of women in Parliament.
Women have held the posts of president and prime
minister in India, as well as chief ministers of various
states. Indian voters have elected women to numerous
state legislative assemblies and national ministry for many
decades.
32. Constitutional
rights of
women
The Constitution of India establishes
a alimentary system of government,
and guarantees its citizens the right to
be elected, freedom of speech,
freedom to assemble and form
associations, and vote.
The Constitution of India attempts to
remove gender inequalities by
banning discrimination based on sex
and class, prohibiting human
trafficking and forced labor, and
reserving elected positions for
women.
This Photo by Unknown Author is licensed under CC BY-SA-NC
33. Constitutional rights of
women (Contd … … …)
The Government of India directed state and local
governments to promote equality by class and gender
including equal pay and free legal aid, humane working
conditions and maternity relief, rights to work and education,
and raising the standard of living.
Women were substantially involved in the Indian
independence movement in the early 20th century and
advocated for independence from Britain.
Independence brought gender equality in the form of
constitutional rights, but historically women's political
participation has remained low.
34. Your best quote that
reflects your
approach… “It’s one
small step for man,
one giant leap for
mankind.”
- NEIL ARMSTRONG