This presentation is about a research proposal aiming to study inclusiveness by looking into variations in human development across different sub-groups of population in India (a country with 17% of world population but with more than 33% of the global poor) as a case. Presentation by Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan and Srijit Mishra, National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS) and Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research GDN 14th Annual Conference Manila, Philippines June 19-21, 2013

1. Inclusiveness of
human development in India
Japanese Award for Outstanding Research on Development
GDN 14th Annual Development Conference
Hippu Salk Kristle Nathan1 and Srijit Mishra2
1National Institute of Advanced Studies (NIAS), Bangalore
1Indira Gandhi Institute of Development Research (IGIDR), Mumbai
Jun 19-21, 2013
Asian Development Bank (ADB) Headquarters, Manila

2. Inclusiveness
INCLUSIVE GROWTH – goes beyond income dimension (money)
Human Development Paradigm
Motivation
(UNDP, 1990; Haq, 1995; Sen, 1999; 2000)
2
– addresses concerns of the ‘vulnerable’
HDI - 3 dimensions – health, education, income
• go beyond HDI (MDGs and other parameters)
• compute HDI for different population sub groups
• improvise HDI

3. India – a case for analysis
Study area
17% world population, with more than 33% of world’s income poor
Inclusive growth – ‘main agenda’ in 11th & 12th 5-year Plans
Income (vertical) and inter-group (horizontal) inequality persist
HDI: India - bottom 30% of countries; 2013- rank 136/187
(Planning Commission, 2008; 2013)
(Jayraj & Subramanian, 2012; 2013)
(UNDP, HDR, various years)
3
(World Bank, 2013)

4. Objectives
• To understand inclusiveness using human development
parameters
• To study progress in HDI and its components across states and
different sub-groups of population
• To explore the reasons behind certain sub-groups doing better
• To derive policy lessons for sub-groups not doing well.
4

5. HDI measurement (pre 2010)
Methods
0 ≤ h, e, y ≤ 1
Life Expectancy at birth1. A long and healthy life
2. Knowledge
3. Ability to achieve decent
standard living
Adult literary rate (2/3)
Gross enrolment ratio (1/3)
Three dimensions –
h
GDP per capita
(PPP)
e
y
HDI = 1/3 (h) + 1/3 (e) + 1/3 (y)

6. HDI measurement (post 2010)
Methods
0 ≤ h, e, y ≤ 1
Life Expectancy at birth1. A long and healthy life
2. Knowledge
3. Ability to achieve decent
standard living
Mean year of schooling (1/2)
Expected year of schooling (1/2)
Three dimensions –
h
GNI per capita
(PPP)
e
y
HDI = (h * e * y) 1/3

7. Displaced Ideal Method
Methods
7
dj
dk
j
k
e
h
ej ek
hk
hj
I (1, 1)
Zeleny (1974)
HDIj > HDIk iff dj < dk
HDII
j = HDIk iff dj = dk
HDIj < HDIk iff dj > dk
Mishra and Nathan (2008)
22
)1()1( iii hed
HDI: Additive Inverse of distance
better system should have less distance from “ideal”.

8. Properties of HDI
Methods
MANUSH Axioms –
8
M: Monotonicity
A: Annonimity
N: Normalization
U: Uniformity
S: Signalling
H: Hiatus Sensitivity
Cont…
(Mishra and Nathan, 2008;
Nathan and Mishra, 2013)
LA
GM
DI

9. Signalling property of HDI
Methods
9
Cont…
I (1,1)
j k
h
e
Movement is along the
direction proportion to
shortfall
Ideal paths
Iso-HDI lines

10. Analysis
0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
y
h , e
(1,1)
Ideal paths
(UNDP, HDR, 2010)
India 1970–2010 HDI components

11. Further Work Plan
• Compute sub-group specific HD measures (to understand inclusiveness)
• States
• Rural-Urban
• Socio-economic groups (caste, class, gender)
(Data: Census, National Sample Survey, National Family and Health
Survey, Annual Status of Education Report, among others)
• Primary survey - interview with stakeholders of selected states;
case studies on selected sub-groups (to probe and identify structural
vulnerabilities explaining reasons for some performing better than the other)
11

12. Policy relevance
Contribute to the public policy discourse regarding:
Lessons for other developing countries, vulnerable societies.
Identification of reasons structural vulnerabilities could have
specific policy implications on:
- Human Development Measurement
- Multi Dimensional Poverty Measures
- Assessment of Inclusiveness
- sub-groups (caste, class and gender) and
- different aspects of human development (like
education, health, and livelihood)

13. Timeline
13
Activities Q1 Q2 Q3 Q4 Q5 Q6 Q7 Q8
Understand the progress of HD
for different sub-groups
Develop methodology to
assess inclusiveness in HD
Explore preliminary reasons
behind certain sub-groups
doing better
Primary survey of selected
sub-groups and stakeholders
Identification of policies that
promote inclusive growth
Disseminations

14. Budget
14
Items Amount ($)
Personnel (Researchers, support staffs,
field staffs )
14500
Data collection:
Secondary 1000
Primary 6500
Equipment 3000
Other costs (Workshops/dissemination
and Overheads)
5000
TOTAL 30000

15. Suggestion and Queries
E-mails:
hsknathan@nias.iisc.ernet.in
srijit@igidr.ac.in