A Presentation by Ms. Catherine Breen-Kamkong, Deputy Represenatative, UNFPA Nepal made during the Round Table with Religious Leaders and Adolescents on Child Marriage in Kathmandu, Nepal on 15 September 2013
Early marriage (child marriage) Erbil IRAQ (150 Questionnaire)Mzhda Salman
Knowledge, Attitude and practice of Early Marriage in Erbil Governate
Definition of early marriage
History and prevalence of Early Marriage.
methodology
identify women’s opinion on early marriage
the ideal age of marriage and practice of early marriage
Reasons of early marriage in our society
why Early Marriage is bad
.Early marriage : is either one or both of the married couple being under the age of 18 years old or in high school
Early marriage (child marriage) Erbil IRAQ (150 Questionnaire)Mzhda Salman
Knowledge, Attitude and practice of Early Marriage in Erbil Governate
Definition of early marriage
History and prevalence of Early Marriage.
methodology
identify women’s opinion on early marriage
the ideal age of marriage and practice of early marriage
Reasons of early marriage in our society
why Early Marriage is bad
.Early marriage : is either one or both of the married couple being under the age of 18 years old or in high school
"Child Marriage is a serious mistake. Don't make your child shed tears for the rest of their lives".
Child Marriage is a curse for our society. This presentation will give you and idea of child marriage.
Child marriage
A presemtation against Child marriage
By
Sonu
Govt. sr. sec. school(1002),Hodal,PAlWAL
What does child marriage means for GIRLS
Poverty-More likely to be poor and remain poor
Education-Drop out of school
Inequality-Little say when and whom they will marry
Health- 5 times more likely to marry when children
HIV/AIDS-High risk of HIV/AIDS
Violence
What is Child?
What is Child?A person who, if a male, has not completed twenty one years of age and, if a female has not completed eighteen years of age.
What is Child marriage?
According to UNICEF, child marriage is a formal or informal union before the age of 18.
Power Point on Child Trafficking in 2015
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
HAQ: Centre for Child Rights had undertaken a comprehensive study on Child Trafficking in 2001 for terre des hommes (Germany) and this was the basis of the starting of a national Campaign- the Campaign against Child Trafficking (CACT). It was formally launched on 12 December 2001 in Delhi and has chapters in 13 states across the country. This campaign has now been revived with the help of Krishna Rao Foundation and iPartner India
As a follow-up to the previous report, HAQ: Centre for Child Rights in partnership with CACT partners from across the state have come out with a report after a gap of 16 years.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Gender-Based Violence in Afghanistan by Wazhma HakimiDr. Wazhma Hakimi
Harmful practices identified as Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Afghanistan, Prevalence of GBV in Afghanistan and Government Efforts to tackle Violence against women (VAW).
The present study made an attempt to gain insights on determinants and psychosocial consequences of early marriage on rural women. Samples of 300 women who married early and have completed 5 to 15 years of married life were taken from 20 villages of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan as it has highest instances of child marriages. In depth investigation employed the use of interview, FGDs, observation and case study method. Research was based in district. Baseline Proforma and SES scale (self developed) was used to get the necessary details regarding the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics of respondents and their families. DEM scale (self developed), PSC Scale (self developed) and life satisfaction scale (Alam & Shrivastava, 1973) were used for data collection. Statistical test i.e. ‘z’ test, ANOVA, Regression & Pearson’s ‘r’ were applied to find out the results.
The findings of the study revealed that age at marriage is governed by various components of socio-economic status with traditions & customs, lack of education, childhood residence and castes. Effect of mass media was not found as hypothesized. Media is only meant for entertainment by rural people. The study also highlighted psycho-social consequences (PSC components) of early marriage. It was found that child marriage increases exploitation of girl child and loss of her adolescence along with denial of education & freedom, inadequate socialization & personal development and violence & abandonment. Access to contraception is highly correlated with age at marriage i.e. the lower the age at marriage lower the knowledge and less access of contraception.
The multiple regression analysis in predicting age at marriage and its determinants reveal that the Beta coefficient reflect the socio- economic status of the family and in which a girl belongs has more considerable contribution in terms of early marriage while traditions and customs follow the socio-cultural perseverance in predicting age at marriage. It is also depicted from the regression analysis that the ill consequences of early marriage in earlier ages have more awful effects on girl child. On the whole, it was found that early marriage itself means exploitation of girl child and loss of adolescence. This factor is highly significant in all studied age groups. They are treated as homely bird which means confined to four walls of house. Overall dissatisfaction level is high with the respondents who get married at the early age. There are significant correlation found between determinants and psycho-social consequences of early marriage and inter-correlation among LS and SES components.
"Child Marriage is a serious mistake. Don't make your child shed tears for the rest of their lives".
Child Marriage is a curse for our society. This presentation will give you and idea of child marriage.
Child marriage
A presemtation against Child marriage
By
Sonu
Govt. sr. sec. school(1002),Hodal,PAlWAL
What does child marriage means for GIRLS
Poverty-More likely to be poor and remain poor
Education-Drop out of school
Inequality-Little say when and whom they will marry
Health- 5 times more likely to marry when children
HIV/AIDS-High risk of HIV/AIDS
Violence
What is Child?
What is Child?A person who, if a male, has not completed twenty one years of age and, if a female has not completed eighteen years of age.
What is Child marriage?
According to UNICEF, child marriage is a formal or informal union before the age of 18.
Power Point on Child Trafficking in 2015
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
HAQ: Centre for Child Rights had undertaken a comprehensive study on Child Trafficking in 2001 for terre des hommes (Germany) and this was the basis of the starting of a national Campaign- the Campaign against Child Trafficking (CACT). It was formally launched on 12 December 2001 in Delhi and has chapters in 13 states across the country. This campaign has now been revived with the help of Krishna Rao Foundation and iPartner India
As a follow-up to the previous report, HAQ: Centre for Child Rights in partnership with CACT partners from across the state have come out with a report after a gap of 16 years.
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
Gender-Based Violence in Afghanistan by Wazhma HakimiDr. Wazhma Hakimi
Harmful practices identified as Gender-Based Violence (GBV) in Afghanistan, Prevalence of GBV in Afghanistan and Government Efforts to tackle Violence against women (VAW).
The present study made an attempt to gain insights on determinants and psychosocial consequences of early marriage on rural women. Samples of 300 women who married early and have completed 5 to 15 years of married life were taken from 20 villages of district Bhilwara, Rajasthan as it has highest instances of child marriages. In depth investigation employed the use of interview, FGDs, observation and case study method. Research was based in district. Baseline Proforma and SES scale (self developed) was used to get the necessary details regarding the socio-economic status and demographic characteristics of respondents and their families. DEM scale (self developed), PSC Scale (self developed) and life satisfaction scale (Alam & Shrivastava, 1973) were used for data collection. Statistical test i.e. ‘z’ test, ANOVA, Regression & Pearson’s ‘r’ were applied to find out the results.
The findings of the study revealed that age at marriage is governed by various components of socio-economic status with traditions & customs, lack of education, childhood residence and castes. Effect of mass media was not found as hypothesized. Media is only meant for entertainment by rural people. The study also highlighted psycho-social consequences (PSC components) of early marriage. It was found that child marriage increases exploitation of girl child and loss of her adolescence along with denial of education & freedom, inadequate socialization & personal development and violence & abandonment. Access to contraception is highly correlated with age at marriage i.e. the lower the age at marriage lower the knowledge and less access of contraception.
The multiple regression analysis in predicting age at marriage and its determinants reveal that the Beta coefficient reflect the socio- economic status of the family and in which a girl belongs has more considerable contribution in terms of early marriage while traditions and customs follow the socio-cultural perseverance in predicting age at marriage. It is also depicted from the regression analysis that the ill consequences of early marriage in earlier ages have more awful effects on girl child. On the whole, it was found that early marriage itself means exploitation of girl child and loss of adolescence. This factor is highly significant in all studied age groups. They are treated as homely bird which means confined to four walls of house. Overall dissatisfaction level is high with the respondents who get married at the early age. There are significant correlation found between determinants and psycho-social consequences of early marriage and inter-correlation among LS and SES components.
Andhra Pradesh is the home town of people speaking telugus. India is a diverse country, where every city has its own charm and glamour. Similarly, every city also has a different set of religious customs that govern that region. Here are a few common Pre Wedding Customs in Telugu Wedding.
Child Marriage and Reproductive Health Outcomes in South AsiaMEASURE Evaluation
This presentation provides an understanding of the role of child marriage on reproductive health outcomes using evidence from a multi-country study in South Asia.
ICDS have brought in new concepts in respect of Computation of Income from Financial Year 2015-16. This presentation deals with some of the intricate issues involved.
5 forms of violence that affect girls and womenSandra Dudley
Violence against girls and women is a global issue. It’s estimated around 1 in 3 women worldwide have experienced physical or sexual violence in their lives. Support ending violence against girls and women. Join the global movement for girls' rights.
'Child Rights in India' Presented by Mr. Nandeesh Y D at an International Conference. You can request for a copy of the presentation at ydnandeesh@gmail.com
Rights of Children In the Constitution
HAQ: Center for Child Rights
B1/2, Ground Floor,
Malviya Nagar
New Delhi - 110017
Tel: +91-26677412,26673599
Fax: +91-26674688
Website: www.haqcrc.org
FaceBook Page: https://www.facebook.com/HaqCentreForChildRights
At the Christian Alliance for Orphans annual gathering on May 1, 2015, Hope Through Healing Hands hosted a workshop entitled The Mother & Child Project: How to Prevent the Orphan Crisis. While most workshops were providing instructive guidance on the care of orphans and vulnerable children both at home and around the world, ours focused on the prevention side; that is, how can we stop the orphan crisis before it begins? How can we turn the tide over the next two decades?
The cards also contain recommendations for inclusion of SRHR in the post-2015 development framework. The briefing cards were developed by partners in the Universal Access Project, which aims to bolster the U.S. government’s support for international reproductive health and family planning. However, the cards are not specific to a U.S. policy context so their content will be useful for a wide range of advocates as we move toward intergovernmental negotiations and continue to make the case with governments about the importance of ensuring the comprehensive inclusion of sexual and reproductive health and rights within the post-2015 development framework.
Introduction to Risk Factors for Pregnancy
Other Risk Factors For Pregnancy
1. Adolescent Pregnancy
2. Elderly Primigravida
3. Unwed Mothers
4. Sexual abuse before and during pregnancy
Consequences Of Adolescent Pregnancy
There are many ways to prevent a teenage girl from becoming pregnan
pregnancy prevention that is parents should talk with their children early and often about sex, and be specific
Sexual education should implement at the beginning secondary school
Marriage and Divorce among Adolescents: Before and After COVID19, why we can'...Young Lives Oxford
For many young people, adolescence is a time when the world opens up as they choose their future paths. But for those living in the most marginalised families, their choices remain limited. Twelve million girls are still married under the age of 18 every year, and UN agencies warn of a doubling of this number due to the coronavirus pandemic.
This presentation was delivered on the 19th of May, as part of a webinar, organised by Young Lives, Child Frontiers, Girls not Brides and GreeneWorks, and included a presentation from WHO's Chandra Mouli.
The webinar brought together Girls Not Brides’ Agenda for Action in the face of COVID-19, new research from Young Lives and Child Frontiers on married, cohabiting and divorced adolescents, and GreeneWorks’ research on the pathways and obstacles to leaving child, early, and forced marriage.
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A Strategic Approach: GenAI in EducationPeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
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http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
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1. Sexual and Reproductive Health,
Child Marriage and Religion
Ms. Catherine Breen- Kamkong, Representative a.i, UNFPA
15th September 2013
2. Sexual and Reproductive Health,
Child Marriage and Religion
Faith and religion play a vital
role in the lives and cultures
of most people throughout
Nepal.
3. Sexual and Reproductive Health
consequences of Child Marriage
• 81 in every 1000 births in Nepal is by an adolescent mother (2nd highest
in South Asia after Bangladesh)
• The number one cause of death among girls aged 15 – 19 relates to
complications from early pregnancy
• Adolescent girls under the age of 15 are up to five times more likely to
die in childbirth than women in their 20’s
• Babies born to adolescent mothers have a
high risk of dying during their first year of life
• 86% of married adolescent girls aged 15 – 19
are not using a modern form of contraception
• There were 95,000 cases of abortions reported
in 2010/11 where 25% were teenagers
4. • In Nepal, most sexually active adolescent girls are married and
make up the overwhelming majority of those who become pregnant.
• Early childbearing is also linked to obstetric fistula and uterine
prolapse.
• Teenage mothers are more likely to have stillbirths
and children with low birth weight and anemia.
• Stillbirths and death in the first week
of life are 50 per cent higher among
babies born to mothers younger
than 20 than mothers aged 20-29
• Marriage also increases girls’ risk of
contracting HIV, often from their
husbands.
• Child marriage puts girls at a greater
risk of gender-based violence.
Sexual and Reproductive Health
consequences of Child Marriage
5. Religious leaders enjoy unique relationships
with members of local communities –
relationships often built on mutual
respect, trust, and service to those most in
need.
An Opportunity
6. What we can achieve
together in SRH programs
Through joint engagement with religious and community leaders, we can
improve the lives of adolescent girls by:
• Delaying age at marriage
• Delaying age at first pregnancy and childbirth
• Increasing contraceptive prevalence rates
• Reducing unwanted pregnancies
• Reducing other harmful practices including sex selective abortion/ son
preference
• Improving reproductive health and HIV knowledge and practice
• Preventing illnesses such as Obstetric Fistula and Uterine Prolapse
which can result from early childbearing
Together we can help ensure young people have the best chance of
achieving their full potential in life!
7. Islam
The case of Iran
The Family Progamme of Iran led to a reduction in the
fertility rate from 5.4 to 2.1 in a period of 20 years. The
figures can be partially attributed to the cooperation that has
taken place over the years between Islamic scholars and
UNFPA.
In an adolescent sexual and reproductive health
program, Islamic scholars employed the religious injunction
that ‘fathers and mothers are obliged to teach their children the
skills and knowledge of their time’ to encourage families to
teach their adolescents issues related to puberty and sexual
health as appropriate to their age.
8. The case of Nepal
In Kapilvastu, Muslim leaders and Hindu Priests
advocated to delay the age of marriage and
supported couples to access family planning and
utilize safe motherhood services.
Islam and Hinduism
9. The case of Sri Lanka
The Damrivi Foundation has developed education
and counseling courses for people on issues of
population and development. Their belief is that in
order to bring about effective change, men and
women, young and old, need to be educated
about the most urgent issues facing their
communities.
Buddhism
10. Christianity
The Case of Latin American council of Churches
Safe spaces were created around the issue of
gender justice in relation to HIV and AIDS.
By doing so, the Church has fostered environments
for healing and wholeness.
Slowly, women have moved away from being the
bearers of stereotypes, to being the bearers of
human rights.
11. As a principle, we should always ask ourselves:
• How do we see and interpret violence in all its manifestations.
Would I accept to suffer?
• Would I want my mother, wife, sister, or daughter to suffer?
• Would I want my adolescent children to suffer?
If not, then each one of us should move with full commitment
to end all forms of violence against any member in our
communities, knowing that.
Final thoughts
12. • All forms of harm towards all people are against the
basic spirit of all faiths.
• It is our duty to join the energies of our faiths and
our institutions to address abuses of human rights
with all our human and material resources.
• There is energy in faith, and in working together to
reach common ground.
Final thoughts
Editor's Notes
Indeed, about 70 per cent of people identify themselves as members of a religious or spiritual community. Religious values and practices are often deeply entwined in the fabric of daily lives, and the leaders of churches, mosques, temples and other religious communities play a powerful role in shaping attitudes, opinions and behaviour.As Human beings, we share a common humanity and together this is a perfect starting point for our dialogue
More than 600 million adolescent girls live in the developing world.Biologically, women's risk of acquiring sexually transmitted infections during unprotected sexual relations is two to four times that of men.Eighty-two million girls in developing countries who are now between the ages of 10 and 17 will be married before their 18th birthday.In developing countries, most sexually active adolescent girls are married. The overwhelming majority of adolescent girls who become pregnant are married.Some 16 million women and girls under age 20 give birth each year.The most recent estimates on unsafe abortion show that 14 per cent of all unsafe abortions are to adolescents 15-19, about 2.5 million abortions per year.Rather than discussing SRH in general, I thought it would be helpful to highlight some of the SRH consequences of child marriage which makes evident that this practice is harmful and requires dialogue and our collective action and support. Read slide
If we work together we can see a change in these statistics
In Nepal, it is religious leaders who have the best access to resources in local settings, the largest access to the poorest and most disadvantaged communities, as well as social and moral capital to leverage for positive change and transformation. Through spiritual platforms, faith-based organizations and religious leaders can access community beliefs, and influence local norms. UNagencies and development partners cannot bring about these changes alone. Together we can make a difference and we are here today to start that dialogue on how to do this
Delaying age at marriageDelaying age at first pregnancy and childbirthIncreasing contraceptive prevalence rates - the high level of unmet need for quality contraceptive services--and the corresponding number of unwanted pregnancies — is a key reason why so many seek out abortions and in the case of young people, they are often forced to marry to legitimize this pregnancy. One way that UNFPA addresses this problem is by trying to fill the unmet need for contraceptives among women and girls Reducing unwanted pregnancies which often result in abortionReducing other harmful practices including sex selective abortion/ son preferenceImproving reproductive health and HIV knowledge and practice thus ensuring these young people have the best chance of achieving their full potential in life
I WANTED TO SHARE A FEW EXAMPLES OF HOW WE HAVE WORKED IN THE PAST WITH DIFFERENT religious leaders on these SRH issues. Evidence-based dialogue with religious leaders and policymakers has proven to be a suitable approach when conducted within the framework of indigenous beliefs and culture. Together we looked at the evidence on the benefits of family planning and the harms of early, late or repeated pregnancies.In the Islamic Republic of Iran, when this evidence was presented in dialogue with religious leaders, as well as the government, it led to the implementation and full political backing of the national Family Planning Programme. The Family Progamme of Iran led to a reduction in the fertility rate from 5.4 to 2.1 in a period of 20 years. The figures can be partially attributed to the cooperation that has taken place over the years between Islamic scholars and UNFPA.The same can be said of the implementation of a programme on adolescent sexual and reproductive health. Islamic scholars employed the religious injunction that ‘fathers and mothers are obliged to teach their children the skills and knowledge of their time’ to encourage families to teach their adolescents issues related to puberty and sexual health as appropriate to their age.
In 2005, UNFPA partnered with the District Development Committees in three districts—Kapilvastu, Mahottari and Rautahat—to work with faith-based leaders on reproductive health and gender issues. The partnership was focused primarily on Hindu Priests and Muslim leaders. In Kapilvastu, UNFPA collaborated closely with the District Development Committee and District Health Office to facilitate the training and sensitization of faith-based leaders on these issues. The training sessions also served to initiate partnerships with these leaders in order to reach out to communities and communicate ways to improve reproductive health. Overall, the training sessions for the faith based leaders were beneficial in engaging them in discussion about reproductive health, family planning and gender issues in the context of religious discourse. After a three-year training period that engaged these leaders in reproductive health awareness programmes, a network of religious leaders was formed in Kapilvastu district. Based on the success of the initiative, the District Development Committee allocated funds for similar training programmes in its regular budget from 2006 to 2008.Furthermore, health facilities in some areas reported the increased acceptance of family planning methods atthe community level particularly in muslim communities.
The Damrivi Foundation is a network of Buddhist academics. Integrating Buddhist insight into development planning has been our aim, and our skill. The services of the Damrivi Foundation are available to all – irrespective of class, creed, or religion. When the disaster of the tsunami hit Sri Lanka in 2007, the Damrivi Foundation had already trained hundreds of people to assist the community in dealing with the ensuing problems and work with the wider community to help them restore their wellbeing. They also offered culturally sensitive training to medical professionals from outside the country, as they were often the first people on the scene of crises.
Safe spaces we are creating around the issue of gender justice in relation to HIV and AIDS. The issue of HIV and AIDS has graced spaces so as to require re-readings of the Bible from a gender perspective. By doing so, the Church has fostered environments for healing and wholeness. Slowly, women have moved away from being the bearers of stereotypes, to being the bearers of human rights.
Child marriage and its consequences are in fact a form of violence
We have learned that the teachings of faith traditions can, and should, address root causes of the tragedies we face today including child marriage. We must focus on prevention as the front line of defense. Together we must make progress in improving the lives of the young people of Nepal