IMPORTANCES OF BANDAGE.pptx
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Bandaging is the process of covering a wound using an appropriate bandage. There are several types of common bandages like roller bandages, triangular bandages, and tubular bandages. Roller bandages are made of cotton gauge in a continuous strip and are the most common. Triangular bandages can be used to construct slings. Bandages secure dressings, form slings for support, and secure pads. When applying roller bandages, only unwrap 5 cm at a time in circular or spiral patterns, facing the patient. Bandages are applied for wounds, injuries, and to immobilize areas like sprains or fractures.
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What are bandages
Bandages are used to hold dressings, compresses, or splints in place over wounds to control bleeding through pressure. They can also support injured limbs. Triangular bandages are versatile and easy to secure from a square piece of cloth like a Scout neckerchief. They are one of the most popular bandage types due to their ease of use. Adhesive tape bandages are useful for small wounds and come pre-packaged in first aid kits, though the tape should not touch wounds directly. Roller bandages are strips of cloth used mostly for fingers and toes.
What are bandages
Bandages are used to hold dressings, compresses, or splints in place over wounds to control bleeding through pressure. They should never be applied directly to a wound, but over a dressing. Triangular bandages are versatile and can be easily made from a square piece of cloth folded diagonally. They are commonly used as slings or tied around injuries. Triangular bandages are popular because they are easier to secure than roller bandages from a square piece of cloth like a Scout's neckerchief. Adhesive tape bandages are useful for small cuts or wounds, but should not be placed directly on the skin without antiseptic. Roller bandages are strips of cotton cloth used mostly for fingers and toes.
first aid
The document provides information on dressings, bandages, fractures, dislocations, and splinting. It discusses the purpose of dressings in controlling bleeding and absorbing fluids. It describes different types of dressings and bandages, including adhesive dressings for small wounds and various bandage application methods. The document outlines signs and symptoms of fractures and dislocations, and emphasizes immobilizing suspected fractures with splints until medical treatment.
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This document discusses different types of bandages and their proper use for first aid. It describes four main types of bandages: gauze, compression, triangular, and tube. It provides steps for dressing a wound, which include cleaning the wound, applying a dressing, wrapping a roller bandage over the dressing, securing it in place, and checking circulation. Roller bandages come in various materials depending on the pressure needed, and examples of other bandage types are also outlined. Proper contents for a first aid bag and applying different bandages like slings or to wounds is also reviewed.
Bandaging
Bandaging involves covering an injured body part to support it and restrict movement. The main purposes of bandaging are to support injuries, control bleeding, prevent contamination and swelling, and immobilize fractures or dislocations. Common types of bandages include roller, triangular, and special bandages. General principles for applying bandages properly include using the right size and material, supporting the injury, and ensuring the bandage is not too tight or loose. Different winding techniques are used depending on the body part, such as simple spiral, figure-of-eight, and spica wraps. Slings are also used to support injured upper limbs.
bandage ppt (1).pdf
A bandage is a piece of material used to cover wounds, control bleeding, support medical devices, or provide body support. There are several types of bandages including gauze, adhesive, compression, and triangular bandages. Basic bandaging forms include circular, spiral, figure-of-eight, recurrent, and reverse spiral techniques. When applying a roller bandage, the appropriate width is selected for the body part, an anchor wrap is applied, the bandage is wrapped around the injury while checking circulation, and the injured extremity is elevated.
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Bandages are used to hold dressings, compresses, or splints in place over wounds to control bleeding through pressure. They can also support injured limbs. Triangular bandages are versatile and easy to secure from a square piece of cloth like a Scout neckerchief. They are one of the most popular bandage types due to their ease of use. Adhesive tape bandages are useful for small wounds and come pre-packaged in first aid kits, though the tape should not touch wounds directly. Roller bandages are strips of cloth used mostly for fingers and toes.
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Bandages are used to hold dressings, compresses, or splints in place over wounds to control bleeding through pressure. They should never be applied directly to a wound, but over a dressing. Triangular bandages are versatile and can be easily made from a square piece of cloth folded diagonally. They are commonly used as slings or tied around injuries. Triangular bandages are popular because they are easier to secure than roller bandages from a square piece of cloth like a Scout's neckerchief. Adhesive tape bandages are useful for small cuts or wounds, but should not be placed directly on the skin without antiseptic. Roller bandages are strips of cotton cloth used mostly for fingers and toes.
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This document discusses different types of bandages and their proper use for first aid. It describes four main types of bandages: gauze, compression, triangular, and tube. It provides steps for dressing a wound, which include cleaning the wound, applying a dressing, wrapping a roller bandage over the dressing, securing it in place, and checking circulation. Roller bandages come in various materials depending on the pressure needed, and examples of other bandage types are also outlined. Proper contents for a first aid bag and applying different bandages like slings or to wounds is also reviewed.
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Bandaging involves covering an injured body part to support it and restrict movement. The main purposes of bandaging are to support injuries, control bleeding, prevent contamination and swelling, and immobilize fractures or dislocations. Common types of bandages include roller, triangular, and special bandages. General principles for applying bandages properly include using the right size and material, supporting the injury, and ensuring the bandage is not too tight or loose. Different winding techniques are used depending on the body part, such as simple spiral, figure-of-eight, and spica wraps. Slings are also used to support injured upper limbs.
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A bandage is a piece of material used to cover wounds, control bleeding, support medical devices, or provide body support. There are several types of bandages including gauze, adhesive, compression, and triangular bandages. Basic bandaging forms include circular, spiral, figure-of-eight, recurrent, and reverse spiral techniques. When applying a roller bandage, the appropriate width is selected for the body part, an anchor wrap is applied, the bandage is wrapped around the injury while checking circulation, and the injured extremity is elevated.
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BANDAGING
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Definition
A strip of material used mainly to support and immobilize a part of the body. Definition of a bandage. And used
To support - fractured bone
To immobilize – Dislocated shoulder/Jaw
To apply pressure – Stop bleeding & Improve venous blood flow.
To secure a dressing in place.
To retain splints in place.
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Method of Applying Bandages
Circular
Spiral
Reverse Spiral
Figure of Eight
Principles for Applying Bandages
Wash hands
Give victim comfortable position on bed or chair and support the body part to be bandaged.
Always stand in front of the part to be bandaged except when applying bandages to head, eye and ear.
Be sure the bandages is rolled firm.
Make sure the body part to be bandaged is clean and dry.
Assess skin before applying bandage for any break down.
Observe circulation by noting pulse, surface temperature, skin color and sensation of the body part to be wrapped.
Always start bandaging from inner to outer aspect and far to near end.
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Always start and end two circular turns.
Cover the area
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BANDAGING
Dr. Sankappa Gulaganji
Associate Professor
BLDEA’s Shri B M Patil Institute of Nursing Sciences, Vijayapur
Definition
A strip of material used mainly to support and immobilize a part of the body. Definition of a bandage. And used
To support - fractured bone
To immobilize – Dislocated shoulder/Jaw
To apply pressure – Stop bleeding & Improve venous blood flow.
To secure a dressing in place.
To retain splints in place.
TYPES OF BANDAGING
Crepe bandages: Crepe bandages, commonly made of cotton, are a woven, elasticated bandage. Crepe bandages are ideal to support the healing of sprains and strains, as they provide good compression to injured areas, as per the PRICE method, but as they’re elastic they don’t prevent joints or muscles from flexing. Washable & Reusable
Conforming bandages: Conforming bandages are very stretchy and, as their name suggests, conform closely to the body’s contours. These bandages are ideal for securing dressings in place, particularly on limbs. These bandages are lightweight, fray-resistant and breathable. These are usually made with synthetic materials.
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Cohesive bandages (adhesive): Cohesive bandages are designed to stick to themselves, but not to skin or hair. This makes cohesive bandages quick and easy to apply and remove, not requiring any tape or pins to hold them in place. These bandages can be used both for holding wound dressings in place and for supporting and providing compression to injured muscles or joints.
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Plaster of paris: These bandages are used for creating casts to provide rigid immobilisation of fractured or broken limbs. Impregnated with Plaster of Paris (calcined gypsum), once immersed in water, these bandages can be moulded to the limb. The bandages then set fast into a strong, solid cast. These bandages should only be applied by medical professionals.
Triangular bandage:
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Circular
Spiral
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Wash hands
Give victim comfortable position on bed or chair and support the body part to be bandaged.
Always stand in front of the part to be bandaged except when applying bandages to head, eye and ear.
Be sure the bandages is rolled firm.
Make sure the body part to be bandaged is clean and dry.
Assess skin before applying bandage for any break down.
Observe circulation by noting pulse, surface temperature, skin color and sensation of the body part to be wrapped.
Always start bandaging from inner to outer aspect and far to near end.
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Always start and end two circular turns.
Cover the area
Bandaging.pptx
The document discusses bandaging, including its definition, purposes, types, sizes, principles, application methods, and complications. Bandages are used to support fractured bones, immobilize injuries, apply pressure to stop bleeding, secure dressings, and retain splints. Common bandage types include triangular bandages, crepe/elastic bandages, and gauze/cotton bandages. The sizes of bandages vary by body part. Principles of bandaging include assessing the area, supporting the limb, starting from upper to lower parts, ensuring the bandage is not too loose or tight, and checking circulation every 4 hours using the 6 P's: pain, pulse, pallor, paresthesia, paralysis,
Chapter 10 Bandaging Wounds
Bandaging wounds involves using dressings and bandages. Dressings cover wounds and should be sterile, larger than the wound, thick and soft. Their purpose is to control bleeding, prevent infection, absorb drainage and protect the wound. Common dressings include gauze pads, adhesive strips and trauma dressings. Bandages hold dressings in place, apply pressure and provide support. Roller bandages, gauze rolls, triangular bandages and adhesive tape are common types. Bandages are applied using methods like spiral, figure-eight and cravat wraps depending on the body part. Ends are secured using techniques like looping, splitting or adhesive tape.
Dressing and bandaging
This document provides instructions on how to properly dress and bandage wounds. It discusses the purposes of dressings which include cleaning wounds, absorbing blood and secretions, and stopping bleeding. It emphasizes the importance of handling wounds with care to prevent infection. Specific instructions are given for applying dressings such as wearing gloves, using a dressing large enough to cover the wound, and securing it in place without fingers touching the wound area. Additional dressings should be applied if bleeding continues. Used materials should be disposed of properly. The document also covers bandaging to secure dressings, control bleeding, support injured limbs, and reduce swelling. It describes techniques like circular, spiral and figure-of-eight wraps and notes to check circulation regularly. Common
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During DNA elongation, DNA polymerase adds complementary DNA nucleotides to the 3' end of a newly synthesized strand using the template strand as a guide. On the lagging strand, DNA polymerase can only synthesize DNA in the 5' to 3' direction, so Okazaki fragments are formed that later need to be joined together. In contrast, the leading strand is synthesized continuously because DNA polymerase can add nucleotides to the 3' end that is open for elongation as the replication fork moves along.
DNA IS GENETIC METERIAL.pptx
This document summarizes three key experiments in the discovery of DNA as the genetic material:
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- In 1952, Hershey and Chase used radioactive labeling to show that DNA, not protein, entered bacteria during viral infection, confirming DNA as the hereditary material.
DNA IS GENETIC MATERIAL(Experimental Proof).pptx
DNA is the genetic material that is passed from parents to offspring and determines characteristics. This was proven through experiments like Frederick Griffith's 1928 experiment on bacterial transformation showing genetic material could be transferred, and experiments by Avery, Macleod and McCarty in 1944 and Hershey and Chase in 1952 that directly demonstrated DNA was the molecule transformed during bacterial infection that affected traits.
DNA Repair Mechanism And Their Types .pptx
DNA repair is the process by which damaged DNA is corrected. DNA cannot replace itself if damaged, and unrepaired DNA can lead to cancer. There are several mechanisms of DNA repair: direct reversal, excision repair, mismatch repair, and double-stranded break repair. DNA repair is crucial because it prevents unrepaired DNA damage from causing mutations that can lead to cancer.
DNA REPAIR MECHANISM AND THEIR TYPES.pptx
There are five major DNA repair pathways that cells use to repair different types of DNA damage: base excision repair, nucleotide excision repair, mismatch repair, homologous recombination, and non-homologous end joining. These pathways repair damage caused by mismatches during replication, removal of damaged bases, single-strand breaks, double-strand breaks, and DNA cross-links. Nucleotide excision repair removes a variety of lesions that cause distortions to the DNA structure by cleaving segments of DNA containing damage.
DNA STRUCTURE AND TYPES .pptx
DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The bases on one strand form hydrogen bonds with complementary bases on the other strand to form the sides of the DNA ladder. The structure of DNA was discovered by Watson and Crick who proposed a double helix model with the bases forming rungs and the sugar-phosphate backbones forming the sides. There are different conformations of DNA including A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA which differ in their structural features such as helical sense, base pair orientation, and distance between base pairs.
TOPIC- DIFFERENT TYPES OF RNA, THEIR SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURE.pptx
There are three main types of RNA: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). mRNA carries DNA's message to direct protein synthesis, is short-lived, and single-stranded. tRNA is small and stable, carrying amino acids to the ribosome. rRNA composes most of the ribosome's mass, ensuring proper alignment of mRNA, tRNA, and ribosomes during protein synthesis.
PROKARYOTS DNA REPLICATION.pptx
This document summarizes prokaryotic DNA replication. It describes prokaryotic replication as the process by which a circular, double-stranded DNA molecule in prokaryotic cells is copied to produce two identical molecules. The key steps are initiation at a single origin of replication, elongation of DNA strands by DNA polymerases, and termination resulting in two circular chromosomes. The replication occurs rapidly in the cytoplasm and requires enzymes including DNA polymerases I and III.
Lac Operon System(Catabolite Repression).pptx
The document describes the lac operon system in E. coli for lactose catabolism. It explains that when glucose is absent and lactose is present, allolactose acts as an inducer by binding to the lac repressor and allowing RNA polymerase to transcribe the lac genes encoding β-galactosidase and other proteins for lactose metabolism. However, when glucose is present, even if lactose is also present, transcription is repressed due to low cAMP levels inhibiting the CAP-cAMP complex from activating transcription.
DNA POLYMERASE.pptx
There are five different DNA dependent DNA polymerases in E. coli bacteria: DNA polymerase I, II, III, IV and V. DNA polymerase III is the primary enzyme involved in DNA replication, forming a high-speed, high-fidelity multiprotein complex. DNA polymerases IV and V are Y-family polymerases that replicate damaged DNA with lower fidelity than polymerase III. DNA polymerases I and II serve backup roles in DNA repair through their exonuclease activities when the template is damaged.
DNA POLYMERASE AND RNA POLYMERASE.pptx
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PROKARYOTIC DNA REPLICATION .pptx
Prokaryotic DNA replication begins at the origin of replication and proceeds bidirectionally. It involves three main steps: initiation, elongation, and termination. Initiation begins at the origin of replication site, where proteins bind and unwind the DNA. Elongation then uses DNA polymerase III to simultaneously synthesize the leading and lagging strands. Termination occurs when the replication forks from opposite directions meet at the termination site and halt, resolving issues through proteins like TUS and topoisomerases.
Prokaryotic DNA replication.pptx
Prokaryotic DNA replication begins at the origin of replication site where the replication fork is formed. DnaA and other proteins recognize the origin site and unwind the DNA double helix. RNA primers are synthesized which allows DNA polymerase III to begin bidirectional DNA synthesis of the leading and lagging strands. Okazaki fragments are formed and ligated on the lagging strand. Replication terminates when the replication forks meet at the termination site and the daughter chromosomes are separated.
DNA repair mechanism and their types.pptx
DNA repair is a collection of processes cells use to identify and correct damage to DNA. There are several types of DNA repair mechanisms, including direct repair, base excision repair, mismatch repair, recombination repair, and SOS repair. DNA repair has advantages of maintaining genetic integrity between generations and preserving individual health, but defects can lead to increased cancer risks and premature aging syndromes.
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DNA has a double helix structure that resembles a twisted ladder. It is composed of nucleotides, each containing a sugar, phosphate group, and one of four nitrogen bases (A, T, C, or G). The bases on opposite strands bond together via hydrogen bonds between A-T and C-G to form the structure. Erwin Chargaff discovered that the amounts of A and T are equal, as are the amounts of C and G in any DNA sample. There are three types of DNA structures: A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA.
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The document describes the lac operon system, which was the first operon described in 1961 and controls the catabolism of lactose in prokaryotes. The lac operon has 5 structural units - a promoter, operator, three structural genes (LacZ, LacY, LacA) that encode enzymes for lactose breakdown, CAP binding sites, and a regulatory gene. When lactose is absent, a repressor protein binds to the operator, preventing transcription of the structural genes. When lactose is present, it binds to the repressor and causes a conformational change that releases it from the operator, allowing transcription and the breakdown of lactose.
LAC OPERON 2.pptx
The lac operon is a cluster of three genes in prokaryotes that are involved in processing the sugar lactose. It consists of a promoter, operator, and structural genes. The lac operon is inducible, meaning it is only transcribed when lactose is present. Depending on whether lactose and glucose are present or absent, the lac operon will be either actively transcribed or transcriptionally inactive.
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DNA is a double-stranded molecule composed of nucleotides that contain nitrogenous bases, a deoxyribose sugar, and a phosphate group. The bases--cytosine, thymine, adenine, and guanine--form rungs of a twisted ladder structure, while the alternating sugar and phosphate molecules form the sides. Watson and Crick discovered that the bases pair up specifically through hydrogen bonds to form the DNA double helix, which contains the genetic information needed to build an organism. DNA can take on different secondary structures including A-DNA, B-DNA, and Z-DNA forms.
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DNA repair mechanisms are necessary to correct damage to DNA that could otherwise lead to mutations and cancer. There are several types of DNA repair mechanisms that address different types of damage, including base repair through excision, resynthesis and ligation of bases, nucleotide excision repair to address mismatches, and mismatch repair to fix errors. Double stranded breaks can be repaired through non-homologous end joining or homologous recombination repair.
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Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
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1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
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IMPORTANCES OF BANDAGE.pptx
- 1. TOPIC NAME: IMPORTANCES OF BANDAGE
- 2. BANDaGING: • Bandaging is the process of covering a wound or injured part using the most appropriate bandage. •
- 3. APPLICATIONOFBANDAGES: • Compare both hands to make sure they are similar in temperature in color. • Check the hand to make sure it is not swelling or turning blue. • Ask the person if the hand feels numb or tingly. • Avoid covering fingers or toes when bandaging a limb so you can easily check the circulation. • If they lose sensation then it’s too tight. Do not remove the bandage but loosen it a bit.
- 4. TYPES OF BANDAGES: Roller Bandages: Roller bandage are the most Common type of bandage. They’re normally made from a single continuous strip of cotton gauge. Triangular Bandage: Triangular bandages are the more versatile types of bandaging we can usually find in a first aid kit . They are designed for constructing slings.
- 5. •Tubular Bandage: Tubular bandages are perhaps the least versatile of the three conventional bandages.
- 6. PURPOSES OFBANDAGE: • To secure dressing in position. • To form slings for support. • To secure pads. • Roller Bandage: These bandages are made of co elastic fabric or linen are wrapped around the injured in spiral turns.
- 7. RULESFORAPPLYINGROLLERBANDAGES: • Face the casualty, expect for bandages head or back of the neck. • When bandaging the left limb, hold the roll of bandage in the right hand and vice versa. • Apply the outer side of the bandage to the part, and unroll no more than 5 cm at a time.
- 8. PATTERNS USED IN BANDAGEING: Circular turns as used for head and trunk. Simple spiral. Reverse spiral. Figure of eight. Spica, Divergent Spica.
- 9. Splinting. Triangular bandages. Bandages for the scalp.
- 10. • Slings. • Large Arm Sling. • Collar and Cuff sling. • Triangular Sling. • Improvised Slings.
- 11. THANK YOU