The Extended Program on Immunization (EPI) aims to reduce illness, disability, and mortality from 8 childhood diseases through immunization: polio, neonatal tetanus, measles, diphtheria, pertussis, hepatitis B, Hib pneumonia/meningitis, and tuberculosis. EPI provides safe and effective vaccines for these diseases, which currently cause millions of cases and deaths annually. The program's goals are to immunize over 95% of infants and pregnant women, eliminating diseases like neonatal tetanus and reducing mortality from vaccine-preventable diseases by 2/3 compared to 2000. EPI has been implemented in Pakistan since 1978 through routine immunization, supplemental immunization activities, disease surveillance, and
Get a move to keep your work environment solid this Vaccination season. Corporate Vaccinations Camps at Workplace. Consider offering free nearby Vaccination inoculations in your business areas. On the off chance that your business can’t offer Vaccination antibody centers nearby, urge representatives to look for Vaccination inoculation in the network. Making yearly Vaccination immunizations part of your work environment.
Visit us @ http://bit.ly/2oeWNSR
GEMC - Measles, Mumps, Rubella - for NursesOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
Get a move to keep your work environment solid this Vaccination season. Corporate Vaccinations Camps at Workplace. Consider offering free nearby Vaccination inoculations in your business areas. On the off chance that your business can’t offer Vaccination antibody centers nearby, urge representatives to look for Vaccination inoculation in the network. Making yearly Vaccination immunizations part of your work environment.
Visit us @ http://bit.ly/2oeWNSR
GEMC - Measles, Mumps, Rubella - for NursesOpen.Michigan
This is a lecture by Katherine A Perry from the Ghana Emergency Medicine Collaborative. To download the editable version (in PPT), to access additional learning modules, or to learn more about the project, see http://openmi.ch/em-gemc. Unless otherwise noted, this material is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Share Alike-3.0 License: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/.
Immunization is one of the best public health intervention to prevent morbidity as well as mortality. it also help in prevention of malnutrition in young children.still developing countries are trying hard to make it universal. in india lot of changes have taken place in the immunization schedule and number of newer vaccines have been incorporated. still the awareness as well as acceptability is not universal . this presentation is very basic and will help students as well as teachers. we all have to join hands to make it universal
Immunization (either natural or artificial) provides protection to body against foreign antigenic species. Recent developments in this field have lead to the successful treatment of many such health disorders.
In order to ensure the control, eradication and elimination of diseases, routine immunization is extremely important. Since the Indian climatic condition is extremely disease-prone, one needs to embrace the latest advancements which have ushered into the vaccine and immunization arena. Vaccination initiatives can be made more effective through a routine immunization program in India.
via : https://www.itsu.org.in/
To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
For adventurous travel blog please visit http://wilsontom.blogspot.com
Nigeria's National Programme on ImmunisationEsther Ajari
This presentation gives a well-researched overview of Nigeria's National Programme on Immunization. The key areas covered include: Definition of terminologies, history, components, controversies, strategies, and guidelines.
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
Immunization (either natural or artificial) provides protection to body against foreign antigenic species. Recent developments in this field have lead to the successful treatment of many such health disorders.
In order to ensure the control, eradication and elimination of diseases, routine immunization is extremely important. Since the Indian climatic condition is extremely disease-prone, one needs to embrace the latest advancements which have ushered into the vaccine and immunization arena. Vaccination initiatives can be made more effective through a routine immunization program in India.
via : https://www.itsu.org.in/
To accomplish community health goals and its aims the following approaches are to be utilized by community health professionals:-
1)persuasive approach 2)enforcement 3)team approach 4)community involvement 5)Intersectorial approach
For adventurous travel blog please visit http://wilsontom.blogspot.com
Nigeria's National Programme on ImmunisationEsther Ajari
This presentation gives a well-researched overview of Nigeria's National Programme on Immunization. The key areas covered include: Definition of terminologies, history, components, controversies, strategies, and guidelines.
Immunization is a process of protecting an individual from a disease through introduction of live attenuated, killed or organisms or antibodies in the individual system.
Immunization is the process of protecting an individual by active or passive method.
The immunizing agents are
Vaccines, Immunoglobulins and antisera
Why vaccination?
Prevention of deadly and debilitating diseases.
Keeps child from suffering through a preventable illness.
Less doctor visits
No hospitalization
#10NIC Social media for immunization promotion & education dac10Dawn Crawford
Background: Immunization professionals may have heard of Facebook, Twitter, and YouTube, but often don’t know how to put it to work for their organization. The Colorado Children’s Immunization Coalition (CCIC) has created a social media strategy to reach healthcare professionals, parents and parents-to-be to increase childhood vaccination coverage. CCIC would prefer to present this session with immunization champions Every Child by Two and the Immunization Action Coalition.
Setting: Public health agency or organization providing outreach and education to the public about vaccinations
Population: Healthcare professionals engaged in social media. Objectives:
* Reasons why an immunization organization should engage in social media
* The basics about the most popular social media platforms
* Strategies to engage your coworkers and community
Project Description: CCIC staff will share their knowledge and experience on getting started with the most popular social media tools and how to use social media to build awareness for programs, gain vaccine advocates and correct misinformation. CCIC has utilized social media to reach coalition members, new moms and increase the overall positive awareness of vaccines since January 2009. They have focused their outreach on the following platforms: · Facebook - http://www.facebook.com/ImmunizeCOKids · YouTube - http://www.youtube.com/user/ImmunizeCOKids · RSS - http://childrensimmunization.mediaroom.com/index.php?s=43&pagetemplate=rss · Twitter - www.twitter.com/ImmunizeCOKids · Mom Blog – http://Coloradomom2mom.wordpress.com
Results/Lessons Learned: CCIC has created an online community of vaccine advocates and has positioned itself as the social media “go to” resource. With their tips and insights, any vaccine organization or advocate can engage in social media. The participants in this session will 1) Understand the basics about the most popular social media platforms; 2) How to effectively engage in social media; 3) Discover strategies to encourage your coworkers and community to participate; 4) Build a connection with an immunization coalition who is engaged in social media – we’ll friend you too!
India is the highest TB burden country in the world & accounts for nearly 1/5th (20 per cent) of global burden of tuberculosis, 2/3rd of cases in SEAR. Every year approximately 1.8 million persons develop tuberculosis, of which about 0.8 million are new smear positive highly'- infectious cases.Annual risk of becoming infected with TB is 1.5 % and once infected there is 10 % life-time risk of developing TB disease
Universal Immunization Program is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985.
It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since 2005.
Program consists of vaccination for 12 diseases -
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus,
Poliomyelitis,
Measles,
Hepatitis B,
Diarrhea,
Japanese-Encephalitis,
Rubella,
Pneumonia
Pneumococcal diseases
Factors Influencing Immunization Coverage among Children 12- 23 Months of Age...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Expanded Program of Immunization.
Objectives are:
To learn about EPI and the current situation of EPI in Pakistan
To understand the mechanism of the Cold Chain and the maintenance of vaccines
In this topic take about public health microbiology because of people are not aware about virus or disease vaccine is more essential for human being save our lives from the virus it is major requirements for people
Childhood Mortality and Morbidity Presentation Slide.pptMotahar Alam
Childhood mortality and morbidity are sobering topics that demand our attention and action. In this enlightening video, we delve into the intricacies of childhood health, exploring the heartbreaking realities of young lives lost and the ongoing challenges faced by millions worldwide.
Join us as we examine the root causes behind childhood mortality, ranging from preventable diseases and inadequate healthcare access to socio-economic disparities and environmental factors. Through insightful analysis and compelling statistics, we highlight the staggering toll these issues take on families and communities, particularly in underserved regions.
Moreover, we shed light on the enduring impact of childhood morbidity, which extends far beyond physical health. From developmental delays and disabilities to psychological trauma, the repercussions of illness and injury during childhood can be profound and enduring.
But amidst the grim realities, there is hope. We showcase the remarkable efforts of healthcare professionals, activists, and organizations dedicated to saving young lives and improving child well-being. From vaccination campaigns and maternal health initiatives to educational programs and community interventions, we explore the innovative strategies making a difference on the ground.
Through poignant stories and expert interviews, we emphasize the urgent need for collective action to address childhood mortality and morbidity. Whether it's advocating for equitable healthcare systems, investing in early childhood development, or promoting public health awareness, every individual has a role to play in safeguarding the future of our children.
Workplace harassment is a serious issue these days. Throughout the world, working people are reporting general and sexual harassment at their workplaces. Despite all the efforts for preventive remedies, the problem of workplace harassment is continuing and adversely affecting the mental and physical health of working women across the globe. Historically, the patriarchal system and the discriminatory attitude of male dominated society towards professional women may be the reason behind workplace harassment. In traditional patriarchal Pakistani society, a woman has to face many pressures for economic autonomy and mobility. Sometimes, the traditional practices including cultural and religious traditions support female‘s suppression and affect their dignity. Among the fatal forces, which affect women‘s dignity, self-esteem and security. In a patriarchal society, men are considered authoritative and powerful; and women are perceived as dependent, incompetent and inferior. Thus, it may be argued that these gender-specific stereotypes may encourage men to harass or abuse their female subordinates or colleagues at workplace (Hassan, 1996).
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
HOT NEW PRODUCT! BIG SALES FAST SHIPPING NOW FROM CHINA!! EU KU DB BK substit...GL Anaacs
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Samples will be sent for your evaluation!If you are interested in, please contact me, let's talk details.
We specializes in exporting high quality Research chemical, medical intermediate, Pharmaceutical chemicals and so on. Products are exported to USA, Canada, France, Korea, Japan,Russia, Southeast Asia and other countries.
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Recomendações da OMS sobre cuidados maternos e neonatais para uma experiência pós-natal positiva.
Em consonância com os ODS – Objetivos do Desenvolvimento Sustentável e a Estratégia Global para a Saúde das Mulheres, Crianças e Adolescentes, e aplicando uma abordagem baseada nos direitos humanos, os esforços de cuidados pós-natais devem expandir-se para além da cobertura e da simples sobrevivência, de modo a incluir cuidados de qualidade.
Estas diretrizes visam melhorar a qualidade dos cuidados pós-natais essenciais e de rotina prestados às mulheres e aos recém-nascidos, com o objetivo final de melhorar a saúde e o bem-estar materno e neonatal.
Uma “experiência pós-natal positiva” é um resultado importante para todas as mulheres que dão à luz e para os seus recém-nascidos, estabelecendo as bases para a melhoria da saúde e do bem-estar a curto e longo prazo. Uma experiência pós-natal positiva é definida como aquela em que as mulheres, pessoas que gestam, os recém-nascidos, os casais, os pais, os cuidadores e as famílias recebem informação consistente, garantia e apoio de profissionais de saúde motivados; e onde um sistema de saúde flexível e com recursos reconheça as necessidades das mulheres e dos bebês e respeite o seu contexto cultural.
Estas diretrizes consolidadas apresentam algumas recomendações novas e já bem fundamentadas sobre cuidados pós-natais de rotina para mulheres e neonatos que recebem cuidados no pós-parto em unidades de saúde ou na comunidade, independentemente dos recursos disponíveis.
É fornecido um conjunto abrangente de recomendações para cuidados durante o período puerperal, com ênfase nos cuidados essenciais que todas as mulheres e recém-nascidos devem receber, e com a devida atenção à qualidade dos cuidados; isto é, a entrega e a experiência do cuidado recebido. Estas diretrizes atualizam e ampliam as recomendações da OMS de 2014 sobre cuidados pós-natais da mãe e do recém-nascido e complementam as atuais diretrizes da OMS sobre a gestão de complicações pós-natais.
O estabelecimento da amamentação e o manejo das principais intercorrências é contemplada.
Recomendamos muito.
Vamos discutir essas recomendações no nosso curso de pós-graduação em Aleitamento no Instituto Ciclos.
Esta publicação só está disponível em inglês até o momento.
Prof. Marcus Renato de Carvalho
www.agostodourado.com
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...
Importance of immunization
1. Presented by: SHAHID IMRAN KHAN / Roll # 6
Presented to; Dr. Riffat Munawar
Reproductive Health
Extended Program on Immunization (EPI)
Overview
The Expanded Programme on Immunization (EPI) is a disease prevention activity aiming at reducing illness,
disability and mortality from childhood diseases preventable by immunization.
These diseases are referred as 8 EPI target diseases and cause millions of ailments, disabilities & deaths each year.
Poliomyelitis
Neonatal Tetanus
Measles
Diphtheria
Pertussis (Whooping Cough)
Hepatitis-B
Hib Pneumonia & Meningitis
Childhood Tuberculosis
The diseases are preventable and can be eradicated like Smallpox, as very safe & effective vaccines are available.
27 % of deaths in < 5 years age group are due to vaccine Preventable Diseases.
80% children of world are being protected against childhood TB.
3 million children & 19.5 million CBAs are being protected against eight vaccine preventable diseases and tetanus
respectively.
1000 deaths in less than 5 year children will daily occur in Pakistan, if EPI is discontinued.Immunization is one of
the most successfuland cost effective health interventions. It has eradicated small pox, lowered the global incidence
of polio so far by 99% and achieved dramatic reductions in illness, disability and death from diphtheria, tetanus,
whooping cough and measles. It is a world-wide Programme being carried out in all countries assisted by WHO,
UNICEF and other donoragencies.
The global target of the Programme is to immunize over 95% of infants and child-bearing-age females.
Objectives
The overall objective of the EPI is reduction of mortality and morbidity from the eight EPI diseases by offering
immunization services.
Following are the EPI diseases
2. Poliomyelitis
Diphtheria
Pertussis (Whooping cough)
Tuberculosis
Tetanus
Measles
Hepatitis-B
Hib Meningitis & Pneumonia
With this objective, the Programme started in Pakistan in 1978 and is still continuing. The programme is evaluated
at intervals of 2-3 years.
Specific objectives of the Programme are as follows:
Achievement of 90/80 % immunization coverage by 2010
Elimination of Neonatal Tetanus
Elimination of Measles by 2010.
Reduction of VPDs morbidity & mortality by 2/3rd by year 2015 as compared to 2000 as per MDG-4.
Certification of Eradication of Poliomyelitis after being free for 3 years from polio
Introduction of new vaccines in the EPI immunization Schedule i.e. Pneumococcal Vaccine in 2011 and
Rota-virus Vaccine in 2013.
Components of EPI
Routine Immunization
o Children 0-23 months – immunization with 8 EPI antigens
o Pregnant ladies by TT.
Supplemental Immunization Activities
o Routine immunization does not ensure 100% coverage of the mobile population i.e. nomads, NAs, hard
to reach areas / missed areas. So SIAs are scheduled to ensure coverage of this population / areas.
o NIDs / SNIDs: children < 5 years receive polio drops (3-days campaign)
Disease Surveillance
o To detect every case of target diseases, the suspected cases of seven VPDs are reported by health
facilities to the district health authorities for immediate launching of the control measures.
Mopping up
o Special campaigns 5-8 km around the infected locality to localize the disease and stop its transmission.
3. Importance ofExtended Programme ofImmunization
Immunizations are the number one public health achievement of the last century,saving millions of lives and
preventing illness and lifelong disability in millions more. Many childhood diseases now preventable by vaccines
often resulted in hospitalization, death or lifelong consequences only a few decades ago. Without immunizations,
serious outbreaks of many of the diseases we are now protected from can reoccur.
As a parent, you want to give your child a healthy start in life. Getting your child vaccinated is one of your first big
parental decisions. Unfortunately, there’s a lot of confusing and conflicting information out there. So it’s important
to question what you read and hear – and check where it came from. We want you to know the facts.Physicians and
infectious disease experts have reviewed and verified all the information and resources on this web site.
Immunization is the single most important way parents can protect their children from serious diseases.This makes
the decision to immunize your child an important one, especially since there are no effective alternatives to
immunization.