The national immunization program of Nepal aims to provide vaccination against 11 vaccine preventable diseases to all children in the country free of cost. Coverage has increased over time but fell from 87% to 78% between 2011 and 2016 for all basic vaccines. Coverage varies across provinces and is lowest among children whose mothers have no education. While the program has made progress, vaccine preventable diseases still cause child morbidity and mortality. Barriers include limited staff, inadequate training, funding issues, and poor data collection. The objective of this exhibition is to provide knowledge and information about immunization services to communities and encourage utilization.
Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal: What We Know and Steps Going For...JSI
Presented by Leela Khanal, Project Director, JSI/Chlorhexidine Navi Care Program, at a USAID brown bag meeting on July 20, 2016.
The presentation shows the results of the recent Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) National Survey which was funded by USAID, UNICEF, and Save the Children, and conducted by Advancing Partners & Communities in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Population. It collected updated information on FCHV work profiles, the services they provide, and the support they receive from different levels of the health system. In addition, the survey set out to understand FCHV motivational factors, and how FCHVs are perceived by the communities that they serve. The ultimate goal of the survey was to identify possible suggestions for policy change or other strategies to sustain the FCHV program in Nepal.
Family welfare programme IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
INTRODUCTION • Family planning means planning by individual or couples to have only the children they want, when they want them, this is responsible parenthood. • Family welfare includes not only planning of birth, but they welfare of wholes family by means of total family health care. The family welfare programme has high priority in India because its success depends upon the quality of life of all citizens.
3. HISTORY OF FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME • It was started in the year 1951. • In 1977, the government of India redesignated the NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME as the NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME also changed the name of the ministry of health and family planning to ministry of health and family welfare.
4. Cont… • It is a reflection of the government anxiety to promote family planning through the total welfare of the family. • It is aimed at achieving a higher end i.e. to improve the quality of life of the people.
5. Cont… • India is the first country in the world that implemented the family welfare programme at government level. • Health is a part of concurrent list but centers provides 100% assistance to states for this programme.
6. Cont… • Government has concentrated on this programme in various five year plans through higher priority was accorded to it after fourth five year plan. • Due to bad effect of emergency and faulty propaganda family planning suffered major setback, during 1977-1979.
7. Cont… • It was decided in national health policy in 1983, and then net reproduction rate should be one by the year 2000. • The 7th five year plan placed more emphasis on the use of spacing methods between the birth of two children
Important maternal and child health parameters to evaluate quality care for the special group. Includes MMR, IMR, SBR, PMR, NMR, PNMR, U5MR. Practical class for UG 4th sem
Female Community Health Volunteers in Nepal: What We Know and Steps Going For...JSI
Presented by Leela Khanal, Project Director, JSI/Chlorhexidine Navi Care Program, at a USAID brown bag meeting on July 20, 2016.
The presentation shows the results of the recent Nepal Female Community Health Volunteer (FCHV) National Survey which was funded by USAID, UNICEF, and Save the Children, and conducted by Advancing Partners & Communities in partnership with the Ministry of Health and Population. It collected updated information on FCHV work profiles, the services they provide, and the support they receive from different levels of the health system. In addition, the survey set out to understand FCHV motivational factors, and how FCHVs are perceived by the communities that they serve. The ultimate goal of the survey was to identify possible suggestions for policy change or other strategies to sustain the FCHV program in Nepal.
Family welfare programme IN COMMUNITY HEALTH NURSING
INTRODUCTION • Family planning means planning by individual or couples to have only the children they want, when they want them, this is responsible parenthood. • Family welfare includes not only planning of birth, but they welfare of wholes family by means of total family health care. The family welfare programme has high priority in India because its success depends upon the quality of life of all citizens.
3. HISTORY OF FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME • It was started in the year 1951. • In 1977, the government of India redesignated the NATIONAL FAMILY PLANNING PROGRAMME as the NATIONAL FAMILY WELFARE PROGRAMME also changed the name of the ministry of health and family planning to ministry of health and family welfare.
4. Cont… • It is a reflection of the government anxiety to promote family planning through the total welfare of the family. • It is aimed at achieving a higher end i.e. to improve the quality of life of the people.
5. Cont… • India is the first country in the world that implemented the family welfare programme at government level. • Health is a part of concurrent list but centers provides 100% assistance to states for this programme.
6. Cont… • Government has concentrated on this programme in various five year plans through higher priority was accorded to it after fourth five year plan. • Due to bad effect of emergency and faulty propaganda family planning suffered major setback, during 1977-1979.
7. Cont… • It was decided in national health policy in 1983, and then net reproduction rate should be one by the year 2000. • The 7th five year plan placed more emphasis on the use of spacing methods between the birth of two children
Important maternal and child health parameters to evaluate quality care for the special group. Includes MMR, IMR, SBR, PMR, NMR, PNMR, U5MR. Practical class for UG 4th sem
The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) encourages collaboration among federal agencies, community-based organizations, employers, insurers, health care professionals, academia, and other stakeholders to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes in the United States.
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division
Paper presented at 'Nepal Development Conference: Views and Visions of Nepali Ph.D. Scholars Residing in the UK for the Development of Nepal' organised by Embassy of Nepal, London, 7 November 2020
Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey(BDHS) Summary OutputFarhad Sohail
Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are nationally-representative household surveys that provide data for a wide range of monitoring and impact evaluation indicators in the areas of population, health, and nutrition in Bangladesh
Presented by G-8, MDS’11,
Masters of Development Studies,
University of Dhaka
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providersHarsh Rastogi
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providers
Mid-level health providers (MLHPs) are health workers trained at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years.
MLHP is a health provider who:
Who is trained, authorized and regulated to work autonomously,
Who receives pre-service training at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years, and
Whose scope of practice includes (but is not restricted to) being able to diagnose, manage and treat illness, disease and impairments (including perform surgery, where appropriately trained), prescribe medicines, as well as engage in preventive and promotive care.
Factors Influencing Immunization Coverage among Children 12- 23 Months of Age...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
The National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) encourages collaboration among federal agencies, community-based organizations, employers, insurers, health care professionals, academia, and other stakeholders to prevent or delay the onset of type 2 diabetes among people with prediabetes in the United States.
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division
Paper presented at 'Nepal Development Conference: Views and Visions of Nepali Ph.D. Scholars Residing in the UK for the Development of Nepal' organised by Embassy of Nepal, London, 7 November 2020
Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey(BDHS) Summary OutputFarhad Sohail
Bangladesh Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) are nationally-representative household surveys that provide data for a wide range of monitoring and impact evaluation indicators in the areas of population, health, and nutrition in Bangladesh
Presented by G-8, MDS’11,
Masters of Development Studies,
University of Dhaka
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providersHarsh Rastogi
Role & responsibilities of mid level healthcare providers
Mid-level health providers (MLHPs) are health workers trained at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years.
MLHP is a health provider who:
Who is trained, authorized and regulated to work autonomously,
Who receives pre-service training at a higher education institution for at least 2-3 years, and
Whose scope of practice includes (but is not restricted to) being able to diagnose, manage and treat illness, disease and impairments (including perform surgery, where appropriately trained), prescribe medicines, as well as engage in preventive and promotive care.
Factors Influencing Immunization Coverage among Children 12- 23 Months of Age...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Dental and Medical Sciences is one of the speciality Journal in Dental Science and Medical Science published by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR). The Journal publishes papers of the highest scientific merit and widest possible scope work in all areas related to medical and dental science. The Journal welcome review articles, leading medical and clinical research articles, technical notes, case reports and others.
Universal Immunization Program is a vaccination program launched by the Government of India in 1985.
It became a part of Child Survival and Safe Motherhood Program in 1992 and is currently one of the key areas under National Rural Health Mission(NRHM) since 2005.
Program consists of vaccination for 12 diseases -
Tuberculosis
Diphtheria
Pertussis
Tetanus,
Poliomyelitis,
Measles,
Hepatitis B,
Diarrhea,
Japanese-Encephalitis,
Rubella,
Pneumonia
Pneumococcal diseases
Evaluation of Immunization Coverage among Children between 12 - 23 Months of ...QUESTJOURNAL
Introduction:Immunization is one of the well known and most effective method of preventing childhood diseases. Aims And Objectives:1) To describe socio-demographic profile of children between 12-23 months of age attending immunization centre, RIMS, Ranchi. 2) To Evaluate the factors affecting immunization status among children between 12-23 months of age attending immunization centre, RIMS, Ranchi. Materials and Methods: The study was cross-sectional and descriptive type. Place of study was immunization centre, RIMS, Ranchi. Study duration was from 1 September to 30 November 2016. Results: In the present study 110 Children were studied in which maximum number were 19 months of age. Majority were hindu (79.9%) male(63.6%) of Urban locality(92.7%). Education of the parents was found to be significantly associated with the immunization status of children. Conclusion: Increasing the literacy status of the parents can alone can bring a major difference in immunization coverage among Children.
Assessment of Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers in Jos North Rega...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Knowledge and Practice of Immunization amongst the care-givers of 12-23 month...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
1Global Vaccination (attach this please with the previou.docxfelicidaddinwoodie
1
Global Vaccination (attach this please with the previous sections)
WHO estimates that three million cases of disease could be avoided annually with an appropriate prevention by vaccination.
Immunization System in Malasyia (more info please add to US)
Religious Views of Vaccination (Malaysia)(please attach this with the previous sections)
Grabenstein (2013) noted that polio immunization is obligatory when disease risk is high and the vaccine shown to have benefits far outweighing its risks.
National Immunization Program (NIP)
The Malaysian National Immunization Program (NIP) was introduced in the early 1950s and it has been given free to the children for their protection against major childhood diseases. The immunization program offers protection against major childhood diseases that can be prevented with vaccines including diphtheria, tetanus, pertussis, Haemophilus influenzae type b, hepatitis B, measles, mumps, rubella, tuberculosis, polio and some diseases caused by the human papillomavirus. This program is available at all government clinics across the country.
Parents are responsible for ensuring that their children are protected from dangerous infectious diseases that can be prevented with a vaccine. Below is the national immunization schedule to ensure your child receives the vaccination at the right time (Malaysian MOH, 2017).
Vaccine Safety Surveillance
National Centre of Adverse Drug Reactions (ADR) Monitoring, National Pharmaceutical Control Bureau (NPCB) is responsible to monitor the safety of medicines and vaccines that are registered in Malaysia. NPCB is responsible for collecting all reporting adverse events related pharmaceutical products including vaccines. All reported adverse events will be documented and serious cases following vaccination will be investigated promptly to identify the cause of the adverse events. NPCB will make further investigation in terms of product quality and regulatory action will be taken based on the results of the investigation. Types of regulatory action that can be taken are the suspension of the product registration, product recall or cancellation of the product registration.
ADR reporting system has been introduced in Malaysia to enable health providers to participate in monitoring the safety of medicines and vaccines by reporting the adverse events. Ministry of Health Malaysia (MOH) has organized trainings to the health professionals on the importance of reporting of Adverse events following immunization (AEFIs) as described in the Guidelines for the Pharmacovigilance of Vaccines. Ongoing training will be conducted more actively to increase awareness among health care providers to report AEFI and importance of disseminating the information to parents/guardians.
Currently, the AEFI reporting system has been extended to the public whereby the parents/guardians of children who experience any adverse events can report to us by themselves (Malaysian MOH, 2017).
Immunization System in the US ...
A PROPOSAL ON WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
A PROPOSAL ON
WORKPLACE HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM AMONG THE MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT WORKERS OF POKHARA METROPOLITAN CITY
Proposal Development on Organizing Health Promotion Education Communication T...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Proposal Development on Organizing Health Promotion Education Communication Training Program on Maternal Infant and Young Child Nutrition Practices in Pumdi, Pokhara Municipality 22.
A PROPOSAL ON HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
A PROPOSAL ON
HEALTH PROMOTION, EDUCATION AND COMMUNICATION PROGRAM ON SCHOOL HEALTH NUTRITION AMONG THE PRIMARY LEVEL STUDENTS OF POKHARA METROPOLITAN-30, KASKI
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division..
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Peri...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
Practicum presentation on Safe Motherhood Program (SMP) and Maternal and Perinatal Death Surveillance and Response (MPDSR) Program in MNH Section of Family Welfare Division
PRACTICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN DISECTION AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MESSA...Mohammad Aslam Shaiekh
PRACTICAL SKILL DEVELOPMENT IN DISECTION AND CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF THE MESSAGE OF COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING AND ASSESSMENT OF FAVORABLE AND UNFAVORABLE BEHAVIOR ON MATERNAL NUTRITION
We understand the unique challenges pickleball players face and are committed to helping you stay healthy and active. In this presentation, we’ll explore the three most common pickleball injuries and provide strategies for prevention and treatment.
The dimensions of healthcare quality refer to various attributes or aspects that define the standard of healthcare services. These dimensions are used to evaluate, measure, and improve the quality of care provided to patients. A comprehensive understanding of these dimensions ensures that healthcare systems can address various aspects of patient care effectively and holistically. Dimensions of Healthcare Quality and Performance of care include the following; Appropriateness, Availability, Competence, Continuity, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Efficacy, Prevention, Respect and Care, Safety as well as Timeliness.
One of the most developed cities of India, the city of Chennai is the capital of Tamilnadu and many people from different parts of India come here to earn their bread and butter. Being a metropolitan, the city is filled with towering building and beaches but the sad part as with almost every Indian city
QA Paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka 2020Azreen Aj
QA study - To improve the 6th monthly recall rate post-comprehensive dental treatment under general anaesthesia in paediatric dentistry department, Hospital Melaka
Welcome to Secret Tantric, London’s finest VIP Massage agency. Since we first opened our doors, we have provided the ultimate erotic massage experience to innumerable clients, each one searching for the very best sensual massage in London. We come by this reputation honestly with a dynamic team of the city’s most beautiful masseuses.
CHAPTER 1 SEMESTER V - ROLE OF PEADIATRIC NURSE.pdfSachin Sharma
Pediatric nurses play a vital role in the health and well-being of children. Their responsibilities are wide-ranging, and their objectives can be categorized into several key areas:
1. Direct Patient Care:
Objective: Provide comprehensive and compassionate care to infants, children, and adolescents in various healthcare settings (hospitals, clinics, etc.).
This includes tasks like:
Monitoring vital signs and physical condition.
Administering medications and treatments.
Performing procedures as directed by doctors.
Assisting with daily living activities (bathing, feeding).
Providing emotional support and pain management.
2. Health Promotion and Education:
Objective: Promote healthy behaviors and educate children, families, and communities about preventive healthcare.
This includes tasks like:
Administering vaccinations.
Providing education on nutrition, hygiene, and development.
Offering breastfeeding and childbirth support.
Counseling families on safety and injury prevention.
3. Collaboration and Advocacy:
Objective: Collaborate effectively with doctors, social workers, therapists, and other healthcare professionals to ensure coordinated care for children.
Objective: Advocate for the rights and best interests of their patients, especially when children cannot speak for themselves.
This includes tasks like:
Communicating effectively with healthcare teams.
Identifying and addressing potential risks to child welfare.
Educating families about their child's condition and treatment options.
4. Professional Development and Research:
Objective: Stay up-to-date on the latest advancements in pediatric healthcare through continuing education and research.
Objective: Contribute to improving the quality of care for children by participating in research initiatives.
This includes tasks like:
Attending workshops and conferences on pediatric nursing.
Participating in clinical trials related to child health.
Implementing evidence-based practices into their daily routines.
By fulfilling these objectives, pediatric nurses play a crucial role in ensuring the optimal health and well-being of children throughout all stages of their development.
Navigating Challenges: Mental Health, Legislation, and the Prison System in B...Guillermo Rivera
This conference will delve into the intricate intersections between mental health, legal frameworks, and the prison system in Bolivia. It aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current challenges faced by mental health professionals working within the legislative and correctional landscapes. Topics of discussion will include the prevalence and impact of mental health issues among the incarcerated population, the effectiveness of existing mental health policies and legislation, and potential reforms to enhance the mental health support system within prisons.
1. Exhibition on Maternal and Child Health
1. Background
National Immunization Program (NIP) of Nepal (Expanded Program on Immunization) was
started in 2034 BS and is a priority 1 program. It is one of the successful public health
programs of Ministry of Health and Population, and has achieved several milestones
contributing to reduction in morbidity and mortality associated with vaccine preventable
diseases (VPDs) [1]. It is the most cost-effective and efficient way to control and eliminate
the vaccine-preventable diseases that contribute to childhood illness and deaths. All children
in Nepal need to receive the recommended number of doses of BCG, DPT-HepB-Hib, OPV,
PCV, IPV-IM, and measles/rubella vaccines during their first year of life [2].
National immunization cover all the districts, municipalities and wards of the country and is
provided free of cost. NIP under Family welfare Division has a lead role in all immunization
related activities at the National level. The Provincial health directorate acts as a facilitator
between the Central and the local level and monitors the achievement within the province to
improve the NIP. It is the responsibility of the D(P)HO and Health section under municipality
to ensure that a successful immunization programme is implemented at the district and below
local level.
NIP has introduced several new and underutilized vaccines contributing towards achievement
of Global Vaccine Action Plan targets of introducing new and underutilized vaccines in
routine immunization. Currently, the program provides vaccination against 11 vaccine
preventable diseases. Recently, in August 2018, fractional dose of Inactivated Polio Vaccine
was introduced in routine immunization of Nepal. As per comprehensive Multi-year Plan for
Immunization (cMYP) 2017 - 2021, several other vaccines, including rotavirus vaccine, are
planned for introduction in Nepal. Immunization services are delivered through 16,500
service delivery points in health facilities (fixed sessions), outreach sessions, and mobile
clinics [1].
To increase immunization coverage in Nepal, the government has invested in efforts and
resources to improve the service delivery system of the national immunization programme.
The public sector is the primary provider of immunization services, although the private
sector is increasingly providing such services. The government provides all vaccine included
in the programme free-of-charge. Nepal has been implemented to improve coverage and the
health and survival of children through community mobilization of unvaccinated and under-
vaccinated communities to increase coverage. Furthermore, to increase access to vaccination
in geographic areas with low coverage, the government has identified bottlenecks in supply
of services and has mobilized local resources to intensify outreach clinics and mobile clinics
[4].
Since FY 2069/70 (2012/13), Nepal has initiated and implemented a unique initiative known
as ‘full immunization program’. This program addresses issues of social inequity in
immunization as every child regardless of social or geographical aspect within an
2. administrative boundary are meant to be fully immunized under this program. As of end of
FY 2074/75, a total of 80 % palikas, and 56 out of 77 districts have been declared ‘fully
immunized’. Gandaki Province has declared their province as fully immunized province [1].
Overall, the National Immunization Program is considered as the main contributor towards
decline of infant and child mortality, and has contributed significantly in achieving MDG
Goal 4 of reducing child mortality [3].
2. Statement of the Problem
It is already mentioned that EPI is first priority program of Nepal and it is one element of
primary health care. The NDH-2016 shows that the percentage of children age 12-23 months
who received all basic vaccines at any time has increased from 43% in 1996 to 87% in 2011.
However, the percentage who received all basic vaccines fell by 9 percentage points between
2011 and 2016, from 87% to 78%. On the other hand, the percentage of children age 12-23
months who did not receive any vaccinations decreased from 3% in 2006 and 2011 to 1% in
2016.
Vaccination coverage among children age 12-23 months for all basic vaccines varies across
Nepal, ranging from 65% in Province 2 to 93% in Province 4.The percentage of children age
12-23 months who received all basic vaccinations increases with increasing mother’s
educational attainment. Vaccination coverage is lowest among children whose mothers have
no education (68%) and highest among those whose mothers have an SLC or higher (91%)
[2].
3. Literature Review:
Though the immunization program has made significant progress over the years, vaccine
preventable diseases still cause morbidity and child death. Major constraints in the
immunization program have been identified -limited staff at the central level, inadequate
refresher training, less release of funds, weak system for vaccine logistic and cold chain
management, poor supervision, incomplete data and competing priorities like NIDs.
Immunization is a proven, cost-effective intervention to reduce morbidity and mortality from
vaccine-preventable diseases. Each year immunization averts 2.5 million deaths in children
younger than 5 years. Globally in 2011, 103 million (83% of total) children received all three
doses of diphtheria–pertussis–tetanus (DPT3) vaccine, but an estimated 22 million children
did not complete such vaccination. Gaps in immunization coverage exist between and within
countries, and in some places, the gap is increasing. For example, the average DPT3 coverage
in low-income countries was 15 percentage points lower than that of high-income countries
in 2011. [Source: https://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/95/4/16-178227/en/].
Vaccination coverage is highest in Province 4 (93%), followed by Province 3 (85%) and
Province 7 (83%). Children in the Hill zone have greater vaccination coverage (88%) when
compared to those in the Mountain (74.1%) and Terai zones (71.3%). Children in the Hill
Brahmin/Chhetri castes have the highest coverage (87.9%) of vaccination, followed by those
3. in the Janajati/Newar castes (83.3).Education of both mothers and fathers is related to the
vaccination coverage of their children. With higher levels of the education have higher levels
of vaccine coverage.
Vaccination coverage is highest among children of the richer wealth quintile (84.8%),
followed by richest quintile (81.6). The vaccination coverage is lowest in middle wealth
quintile (70.9). Children whose mothers worked in previous 12 months have higher
vaccination coverage (81.3) than children whose mothers did not work (73.2).
Vaccination coverage is lowest for children whose mothers have no media exposure (65.3).
Those children with mothers who were exposed to media less than once a week have higher
vaccination coverage (84.1) than those whose mothers were exposed to media at least once a
week (78.2).
Vaccination coverage varies by place of delivery, with children of those mothers delivering in
facilities having higher vaccination coverage (83.9) than those born outside of facilities
(67.5). Vaccination coverage is also higher among children who had four or more ANC visits
(85.8%). Highest levels of vaccination coverage are seen among children whose mothers
retained their vaccination cards (91%). The lowest level of vaccination coverage is among
children who never received a vaccination card (50%).
The coverage of all antigens increased in 073/74 compare to 072/073. The highest coverage
was of BCG (91%), DPT-HepB-Hib3 (86%), oral polio vaccine 3 (86%), which were all
more than the previous year. The measles rubella fist dose coverage was 84% whereas second
dose coverage in 2073/74 was (57%) however it is more than previous year.
EPI coverage survey reveals that revealed that 47.7% of them dropped out due to lack of
services, 32.2% due to lack of information, 6.5% due to lack of motivation. Research of
Gedlu E, Tesemma T. found 22.8% various obstacles such as child sickness and health
institution related problems. A population-based study of Ardythe L. and et al33 detected
commonly reported problem was clinic waiting time (12%). The second most common
problem was difficulty obtaining a timely appointment (10%). Some of the other problems
reported were taking time away from work, office hours, cost, and transportation, with the
frequency varying by type of usual provider. Research in North India34 found major reasons
for non-immunization of the children were: migration to a native village (26.4%); domestic
problems (9.6%); the immunization center was located too far from their home (9.6%); and
the child was unwell when the vaccination was due (9%).The lack of awareness and fear of
side effects constituted a small minority of reasons for non-immunization.
To reach universal immunization coverage and to increase equity, countries need to focus on
targeted interventions that reach the most disadvantaged populations, rather than only
focusing on increasing coverage at the national level.
4. 4. Objective
a. To prove knowledge and information about the immunization services to the
community people and sensitize them to utilize it.
Activities
Importance of Immunization and Immunization Schedule
Importance of Immunization :
Different vaccine should provide to protect the child from disease. Children under the
age of two are given vaccines to prevent them from any kind of diseases including
DPT-Hepb-hib, Polio, PCV, measles, rubella.
5. Vaccination is the ability of the body to fight the disease by giving it vaccine to
prevent the disease.
Vaccines are used to prevent lifelong illness. Most vaccinations must be completed
within one year of childbirth.
Regular vaccinations for children can prevent the child from developing physical and
mental well-being and various infectious diseases.
All vaccine supplements must be supplemented To keep children healthy, prevent
from disability and prevent the risk of death, children should have to complete all
vaccines.
Vaccination sites:
The government provides all types of vaccines free of cost under the National Vaccine
Program from health post, PHCC, district hospital, private facilities and PHCR-ORC
Time Schedule for Vaccination:
Vaccine against TB should provide immediate after birth
After 6, 10 and 14 weeks of birth, the child should have to provide DPT-Hepb-hib and
polio and PCV
After competition of 1 year of birth, the baby should have to provide JE
At 15 months of age the Children should have to provide Measles and Rubella.
Photos:
6.
7. References
Annual Report, Department of Health Services, MoHP, 2074/75.
Nepal Demographic and Health Survey, 2016
Nepal and the Millennium Development Goals, Final Status Report 20002015,
National Planning Commission
WHO bulletin, volume 95, issue 4, 2016/17.
Factors Affecting Vaccination Coverage and Retention of Vaccination Cards in Nepal, DHS
Further Analysis Reports No. 121